NTA-NET (UGC-NET) Psychology (04) Introduction to Psychology-History of Psychology Study Material (Page 2 of 6)

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History and Systems: Structuralism, Functionalism

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Introduction

  • In late 19th century, the formal field of psychology started to emerge with the setup up of experimental laboratory by Wundt in Leipzig, and after a long journey of ups and down it became successful in maintaining its position in social science. But psychology as we know today was very different from what it was known to be during its emerging period.
  • Herman Ebbinghaus once said that “psychology has a long past but only a short history” . We will skip the past and begin with the history.

There are 5 important systems in psychology:-

  • Structuralism
  • Functionalism
  • Behaviourism
  • Gestalt psychology
  • Psychoanalysis

Structuralism

  • Structuralism was the first school of psychology and this was the point from where psy…

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Behaviorism, Gestalt Psychology, Psychoanalysis, Humanistic Perspective

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Behaviorism

  • John Watson (1878 - 1958) was trained as a functionalist but felt psychological research should be made more objective. He felt that psychology should investigate behavior and not conscious experience. The introspective method used by the structuralists was not scientific enough for Watson. The presence or absence of consciousness was an unnecessary concern to Watson; he felt behavior was not dependent on it. Watson thought that the proper concern for psychology was the overt behavior of the organism which lead the development of another major school of psychology called Behaviorism.
  • Following Ivan Pavlov՚s (1849 — 1936) w…

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