CBSE-NET (Based on NTA-UGC) Psychology (Paper-II): Questions 4151 - 4156 of 4696

Passage

Read the following paragraph and answer the question that follows:

The most popular method of measuring attitudes is to administer the attitude scale. Although Bogardus Social Distance Scale (1925) is one of the first attitude scales, a major breakthrough in attitude scaling was made by L. L. Thurstone who developed the law of comparative judgement (LCJ) and also proposed the three scaling methods – paired comparison, equal appearing intervals, and successive intervals. In the paired comparison, every statement/stimulus is paired with every other statement/stimulus. The computational methods of paired comparison are most extensively developed and use Thurstone’s LCJ directly for this purpose. Since the paired comparison method has limitations in scaling large number of statements/stimuli, the two other methods –equal appearing intervals, and successive intervals – were developed by Thurstone. The method of successive intervals was computationally laborious in the pre – computer era and hence it was not so popular. In the classical scaling tradition Guttmann developed the scalogram technique and Edwards developed the scale discrimination technique. Likert’s development of summated rating represent an important landmark in attitude measurement. It follows the traditional psychometric model. Aiken and Groth – Marnatt (2009) pointed out that other scaling techniques, less frequently used for attitude assessment, include Osgood’s semantic differential, Q – sort, Magnitude estimation, expectancy value scaling, facet analysis, multidimensional scaling etc.