NTA-NET (UGC-NET) Psychology (04) Video Course Lecture: Schools of Psychology; Perspectives; Pseudo-Psychology; Humanistic, Rationalism, Neo-Behaviorism & History of Psychology (34 mins) | Lecture 3 of 302

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Topics Covered

  • Introduction to Psychology » Schools of Psychology
  • Introduction to Psychology » Schools of Psychology
  • Introduction to Psychology » History of Psychology
  • Introduction to Psychology » Applications and Utility of Psychology

Details

  • Schools of Psychology
  • Perspectives in Psychology
  • ☞Pseudo-Psychology
  • Humanistic Psychology
  • ☞Rationalism
  • Neobehaviorism
  • Vienna Circle
  • History of Psychology
  • Timeline of Psychology

Question: Difference between self-observation and introspection? why isn՚t introspection is part of structuralism but functionalism?

Answer: Wundt used introspection a process by which someone examines their own conscious experience as objectively as possible, making the human mind like any other aspect of nature that a scientist observed. Introspection can be defined as an individual՚s inquiry into his mental processes. He believed in voluntarism that people have free will and should know the intentions of a psychological experiment if they were participating. According to Wundt, introspection can be classified as inner perception and self observation. Wundt believed inner perception included immediate experiences that were relevant to the science of psychology. Whereas, self-observation is a form of introspection that allows us to address psychological phenomenon which may not be observed by more conventional third-person methods of observation. Self Observation was unreliable and lacked veracity as conscious processes could not be simultaneously executed and observed.

Structuralism (Mainly by Wundt)

  • Focused on breaking things down to their smallest parts
  • Examined the capabilities of different parts of the mind
  • Used introspection to study feelings and sensations

Functionalism (Mainly William James)

  • Focused on how things worked together
  • Examined how the mind functions in different environments
  • Used objective techniques to explore memories and emotions

Later psychologists believed that introspection is too subjective and therefore, experimental methods developed.