NTA-NET (UGC-NET) Population Studies (15) Method of Demographic and Population Analysis-Statistical Methods Study Material (Page 2 of 10)

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Measures of Variation or Dispersion: Range, Mean Deviation, Variance, Standard Deviation

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Dispersion measures the extent to which scores differ from one another and from mean of the distribution. It provides a measure of variability. Range, variance, and standard deviation are considered as major measures of variation.

When all observation sets are equal, dispersion is zero. In case of higher discrepancy, dispersion is more. Measures of dispersion numerically depict extent of variability of individual observations. For probability distributions, dis…

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Measures of Variation or Dispersion: Bias, Measures of Relative Dispersion

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Bias

There is a very closely related concept of bias, in applications involving measurements. Bias is the tendency of the system to provide incorrect measurements offset towards one side. If the same measurement is repeated, variance in the measurement represents the error in measurement. However, it is very difficult to detect bias in measurement, since mean of measurements also shifts towards the bias. To detect bias some kind of control has to be established.

Understanding bias and variance

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