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We have 992 Notes in NTA-NET (UGC-NET) Law (58) course arranged below by topic-subtopic. Topic-wise count & %effort is given in brackets. Green bars show topic progress as you mark the titles complete (Show me how).
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Administrative Law [22 Notes- 2% Effort]
Nature, Scope and Importance [5 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Formal Access to Justice: Kinds of Justice System- Supreme Court, High Courts
- Formal Access to Justice: Administration of Civil Justice, Tribunals, Other Formal Adjudicatory Forums, Remedies Available for Seeking Formal Justice, Ways and Means of Searching Remedies for Justice- Hierarchy of Civil Courts, Administration of Criminal Justice, Hierarchy of Criminal Courts
- 2
- Nature, Scope & Importance of Administrative Law
- Nature of Administrative Law
- 3
- Scope of Administrative Law, Rule of Law & Delegation of Powers
Principles of Natural Justice [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Administrative Discretion and Its Control [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Informal Access to Justice: Historical Overview of the Informal Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanism, Prevalent Forms of Informal Dispute Resolution in India, Mahila Mandal, Khap Panchayats Katta Panchayat
- Administrative Law: Doctrine of Rule of Law
- 2
- Administrative Discretion and Its Control
Lokpal and Lokayukta [9 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- The Lokpal Bill: What is the Lokpal Bil, Provisions of the Act, Special Powers of the Lokpal, Why Hasn՚t Lokpal Been Appointed So Far
- Lokpal
- 2
- Basis for Comparison
- History of Lokpal
- 3
- Sevottam Model
- Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987: Supreme Court Legal Services Committee, Supreme Court Middle-Income Group Legal Aid Scheme
- 4
- Lok Pal and Lokayuktas, Global Scenario, Position in India
- Lok Pal and Lokayuktas, Lok Pal, Lok Pal and Lokayuktas Act (2013)
- 5
- Lok Pal and Lokayuktas, Lokayuktas, Structural Variations, Appointment
Judicial Review of Administrative Actions-Grounds [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Equality II: Reservation: Types of Reservation, Juxtaposition of Reservation Vis a Vis Equality, Places for Determining a Class as Backward, Different Horizons of the Concept of Reservation
- Judicial Review of Administrative Actions-Grounds: Jurisdictional Error, Irrationality, Procedural Impropriety
- 2
- Judicial Review of Administrative Actions-Grounds: Proportionality, Legitimate Expectations, Remedies
About Law [11 Notes- 1% Effort]
Nature and Sources of Law [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Legal Concepts [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Process [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Judicial Contribution in Bringing Social Changes [5 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Access to Justice and Prisoners: Enactments Dealing with Prisoners, Prisoners and Constitutional Provisions, Prisoners and Role of Judiciary, Rights of Prisoners, Writ Jurisdiction, Concern - The IPC 1860 and the Crpc 1973
- Module Community in Access to Justice: What Does Access to Justice in Tail for Rural Communities in India? , the Importance of Legal Empowerment, Methods of Engaging with Rural Communities to Build Legal Empowerment
- 2
- Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribe and Other Backward Classes and Access to Justice: Elucidation of Key Concepts, Pre Constitutional Position of Safeguarding the Rights of the Depressed Classes, Post Constitutional Position in Safeguarding the Rights Achieving Social Justice for the Depressed Class՚s Pragmatism, Legislative Protection
- Statutory Provisions for Access to Justice to the Poor: Constitution and Access to Justice for Poor, Speedy Process as a Justice to Poor, Access to Justice by Poor and Civil Procedure
- 3
- Statutory Provisions for Access to Justice to the Poor: CrPC and Access to Justice of Poor-Setting Criminal Procedure in Motion as an Access to Justice, Crpc and Victims of Crime, Access to Justice and Role of Advocates, Advocates Profession and Legal Aid
Law and Morality [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Constitutional Law of India [494 Notes- 44% Effort]
Preamble [49 Notes- 3% Effort]
- 1
- The Basic Structure
- Indian Constitution
- 2
- Sources of Constitution - British Constitution
- Sources of Constitution (Part 2)
- 3
- Sources of Constitution - Germany Constitution (Rev.)
- The Preamble
- 4
- Preamble
- The Preamble - Introduction
- 5
- The Preamble - Objects of the Preamble
- Preamble
- 6
- Advisory Committee: Fundamental Rights Sub-Committee, Minorities Sub-Committee, Appointed to the Sub-Committee by President Prasad in June 1947
- Constitutional History: Regulating Act 1773, Provisions, Powers of Supreme Court, Constitution of Supreme Court
- 7
- Basic Objectives: Secularism
- For this an Amendment of the Constitution is Necessary, Reorganisation of States, Advantages of a Small State, Disadvantages of a Small State
- 8
- Making of the Constitution, General Provisions
- Constitution Making Provisions, Regarding Constituent Assembly
- 9
- Nature of Constitution, Being a Written Constitution, the Implications Are, Federal Structure with Unitary Features
- Presidential & Parliamentary Form of Government
- 10
- Res Judicata, Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari, Quo-Warranto
- Curative Petition, Concept of Sustainable Development, Concept of Precautionary Principle, Per Incuriam and Sub-Silentio
- 11
- Commencement, Authoritative Tax in Hindi, Sources of the Constitution
- Steering Committee, Rajendra Prasad, Chairman, Indian States-70
- 12
- Rule Committee, States Committee, Drafting Committee
- Drafting Committee, Chronology of Draft Constitution
- 13
- The Mukherjee Formula, Constitutional Provisions. , Article 268 - Article 272, Taxes Assigned to the Union and Collected by the Union
- Preamble, the Purpose, Basic Objectives, People of India, Sovereign
- 14
- Union Powers Committee, Union Constitution Committee, Ad Hoc Committee on the Supreme Court, Provincial Constitution Committee
- The Preamble, What is Constitution? , Preamble, the Spirit of the Constitution, Amendments, Explanations
- 15
- Ideological Basis of Indian Constitution, Evolution of Constitution, Preamble as the Philosophy of Constitution
- Making the Constituent Assembly of India: Why a Country Needs Constitution, Constituent Assembly of India- Words of Drafting Members, Challenges Before the Indian Constituent Assembly- Words of Drafting Members
- 16
- Making the Constituent Assembly of India: Dominant Concerns of the Constitution Makers- Preamble, Indian Model, Features of Indian Constitution- Federal to Unitary Feature Separation of Power, Parliamentary Model
- Making the Constituent Assembly of India: Amendment Procedure, Absolute Majority, Affirmative Action, Secularism
- 17
- Making the Constituent Assembly of India: Formation of the Constituent Assembly of India, Cabinet Mission Recommendation- Cabinet Mission Arrival, March 24,1946
- Constituent Assembly of India: After Cabinet Mission- Second Session, Third Session
- 18
- Constituent Assembly of India: Socio-Economic Composition, Vision and Ideology
- Socio Economic Composition, Ideological Moorings, Vision: Composition and Nature of Constituent Assembly
- 19
- Ideological Basis of Indian State: Terms in Preamble- Sovereignty, Socialism, Secularism, Democracy, Republic
- Ideological Basis of Indian State: Justice-Social, Economic and Political- Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, Dignity of Individual
- 20
- Ideological Basis of Indian State: Unity and Integrity of the Nation, ‘Basic Structure’ Doctrine, Kesavananda Bharati vs. State of Kerala (1973) and Afterwards
- Perspective on Nature of Indian State: Marxist Perspective
- 21
- Perspective on Nature of Indian State: Developmental State
- Perspective on Nature of Indian State: Neo-Liberal State, Proponents of Neo Liberalism, Gandhian Perspective
- 22
- Perceiving and Building Institution: President Office- Article 53 of Constitution Lays down, Nehru – Prasad Interaction on Role of President, Nehru – Patel Interaction on Pm Cabinet, Nehru Critique of ICS, Patel Argument
- Federal System and Unitary Model of Government: Comparative Features of the Federal and the Unitary Government
- 23
- Emergency Provisions, National Emergency, Grounds of Declaration
- Municipalities, Municipal Personnel, Municipal Revenue, Tax Revenue
- 24
- Municipalities, Types of Urban Governments, Cantonment Board, Municipality
- Preamble of the Constitution, Text of the Preamble, Key Words in the Preamble
- 25
- Provisional Collection of Taxes Bill, 2023
Distribution of Powers between Union and States [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Fundamental Rights and Duties [74 Notes- 7% Effort]
- 1
- Introduction & Article 12
- Is Judiciary a State & Article 13
- 2
- Article 14
- Article 17: Abolition of Untouchability, Article 18 - Abolition of Titles
- 3
- Right to Freedom: Article 19
- Article 15
- 4
- Article 16
- Article 16 (Asked in January 2017, June 2015 December 2014)
- 5
- Article 17
- Articles 18 & Article 19
- 6
- Article 19 (Asked in January 2017, December 2015)
- Article 20
- 7
- Article 20 - Double Jeopardy
- Article 2 Historical Background & General Introduction (Asked in June 2018, June 2015)
- 8
- Article 21 - Different Dimensions of Article
- Article 21 - Right Against Handcuffing
- 9
- Article 21A (Asked in July 2016, June 2015)
- Article 22 - Historical Background
- 10
- Article 22 -Judicial Pronouncments & Legislative Measures
- Article 23 & 24 - Brief Introduction & Background
- 11
- Article 23 & 24 -Landmark Judicial Developments Against Exploitation
- Right to Freedom of Religion - General Overview
- 12
- Right to Freedom of Religion -Freedom of Management
- Right to Freedom of Religion -State of Jammu & Kashmir
- 13
- Cultural and Educational Rights
- Right to Constitutional Remedies - Bare Provisions
- 14
- Right to Constitutional Remedies -Habeas Corpus
- Directive Principles of State Policy - Origin & Development
- 15
- Directive Principles of State Policy -Bare Provision Continued
- Directive Principles of State Policy -Relationship between Fr՚s and Dpsp՚s
- 16
- Directive Principles of State Policy -Union of India
- Fundamental Duties - Introduction
- 17
- Fundamental Duties -To Develop the Scientific Temper
- Fundamental Duties -Judicial Take on Fundamental Duties
- 18
- Constitution at a Glance: Right to Equality, Right to Freedom
- Right to Freedom of Religion: Cultural and Educational Rights, Right to Constitutional Remedies
- 19
- Fundamental Rights and Their Enforcement: Origin and Concept of Fundamental Rights, Concept of Fundamental Rights, Objective Behind Incorporation of Fundamental Rights in the Constitution
- Fundamental Rights and Their Enforcement: Enforcement of the Fundamental Rights, Remedies for the Enforcement of Fundamental Rights, Alternative Remedy, Public Interest Litigation, Distinction between Article 32 and 226, Res Judicata, Military Law and Fundamental Rights
- 20
- Relationship between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles: Need for Directives, Article 31 C and Directive Principles, Difference between DPSP and Fundamental Rights
- Equality III: Articles 17,18: Problem of Untouchability in Article 17 of the Constitution, the Untouchability Offences Act 1955 and Protection of Civil Rights Act 1955, Judicial Attitude, Abolition of Titles
- 21
- Protection in Respect of Conviction for Offences (Article 20) : Protection Against Double Jeopardy, Protection Against Self-Incrimination
- Rights Against Exploitation (Article 23,24) : Article 23 and Constituent Assembly, Judicial Intervention, Article 24 and the Constituent Assembly, Judicial Intervention
- 22
- Fundamental Duties under Indian Constitution: Reasons for in Acting Fundamental Duties in the Constitution, Fundamental Duties, Need and Importance of Fundamental Duties
- Fundamental Duties under Indian Constitution: Legal Provisions for the Enforcement of Fundamental Duties, Drawbacks in Fundamental Duties, Role of Judiciary
- 23
- Equality I: Non Discrimination and Non-Arbitrariness: Right to Equality Fundamental Right Guaranteed by Article 14, Equality Does Not Mean Absolute Equality It Permits Reasonable Classification
- Equality I: Non Discrimination and Non-Arbitrariness: Article 14 Strikes to Arbitrarilyness, Article 14 Provides Positive and Not Negative Equality, Rules of Natural Justice Implicit in Article 14
- 24
- Cultural and Educational Rights: Cultural and Educational Rights International Perspective, Cultural and Educational Rights Indian Position, Rights under Article 29, Rights under Article 30
- Cultural and Educational Rights: Meaning of the Term Minorities, Minority Educational Institutions, Relationship between Article 29 and Article 30
- 25
- Religious Freedom and Secularism: Concept of Secularism, Secularism and Religious Freedoms at International Level, Idea of Secularism and the Indian Constitution
- Religious Freedom and Secularism: Religious Freedoms under the Indian Constitution, Religious Freedoms under Article 26
- 26
- Protection of Life and Liberty (Article 21) : Right to Life
- Protection of Life and Liberty (Article 21) : Right to Personal Liberty and Reasonable Procedure Established by Law, Right to Privacy is Part of Right to Life and Personal Liberty, Right to Die and Right to Life, Right to Marry
- 27
- Citizenship: Citizenship in India - Citizenship under Indian Constitution, Citizenship under the Citizenship of India Act, 1955, NRI՚s Voting Right, is Corporation a Citizen, Interesting Facts
- Free and Compulsory Education for Children, Article 44, Uniform Civil Code
- 28
- Freedom of Assembly, Freedom to Form Association, Freedom of Movement, Freedom of Residence, Freedom of Profession, Occupation, Trade or Business
- Fundamental Rights and Globalization
- 29
- Non-Justiciable Rights of Citizen, Socialistic, Liberal Intellectualistic, Gandhian
- Laws and “Laws in Force” , Can FRs be Amended? , Classification of FRS, Right to Equality, Article 14
- 30
- Article 12 , Definition of the State, Article 13, Laws Inconsistent with FRS (Article 13) , Judicial Review
- Provisions, Limitations, Fundamental Rights
- 31
- Article 28, Prohibition of Religious Instruction in State-Aided Institution, Cultural and Educational Rights, Article 29 and Article 30
- Recommendations on SC/st/OBCs, on Fundamental Rights
- 32
- Article 23, Prohibition of Traffic in Human Beings and Forced Labour, Article 24, Prohibition of Employment of Children in Factories
- Right to Freedom of Religion, Article 25, Reasonable Restrictions
- 33
- Right to Property, Present Status, Right to Property: Through Various Amendments, Present Status
- Chapter IV: Right to Property, Chapter I: Services, Chapter II: Public Service Commissions
- 34
- Freedom of Speech and Expression
- Freedom of Press
- 35
- What Are the Reasonable Restrictions? Exceptions to the Right to Freedom
- On Fundamental Rights, Other Recommendations
- 36
- Fundamental Rights, Nature of Fundamental Rights
- Due Process/Procedure Established by Law: Due Process of Law, History of Due Process of Law, Article 21 Debate, Debate on Article 22, Procedure Established by Law
- 37
- Rights and Liabilities of the Government, Property of the Union and the States
- Press and Registration of Periodical Bill, 2023: Salient Features of Press and Registration of Periodicals Bill 2023
Directive Principles of State Policy [5 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Directive Principles of State Policy: Part IV. Article 36 to 51, Importance of DPSP, Critics of DPSP
- Difference between FRs and DPSP, Relative Position of FR and DPSP, Current Status
- 2
- Part IV-A: Fundamental Duties, Ten Duties, Utility of FDs, Concept of Sustainable Development
- Federalism, Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles, Fundamental Duties, Emergency, the Constitution (Forty-Third Amendment) Act, 1977
- 3
- Directive Principles, Nature of DPSP, Classification of DPSP, Provisions That Later Added
Judiciary [65 Notes- 6% Effort]
- 1
- Concept of Supreme Court
- Collegium System
- 2
- Natural Justice: Plebiscitary Democracy, Ex Post Facto Legislation, Judicial Benches
- Central Administrative Tribunal
- 3
- Status of CAT: State Administrative Tribunal, Civil Services, IInd Phase (1857 - 1947)
- Central Vigilance Commission: Organization
- 4
- Powers and Functions of CVC: Central Bureau of Investigation
- Appellate Jurisdiction: Article 132, Constitutional Matters, Article 133, Appeal in Criminal Cases: Article 134, Article 136: Special Leave Petition (SLP)
- 5
- Article 137: Is SC Bound by Its Own Decisions, Enlargement of Jurisdiction: Article 138, Conferment of Power: Article 139 and 133 a, Ancillary Powers: Article 140, Article 141, Ratio Decidendi
- Judicial Review: Judicial Review in United States, Judicial Review in United Kingdom, Judicial Review in India
- 6
- Judicial Review: Judicial Review of Legislative Action in India, Judicial Review of Administrative Action in India
- Judiciary under the Indian Constitution (Powers Jurisdiction and Procedure) : The Union Judiciary – the Supreme Court (Articles 124 to 147)
- 7
- Protection Against Arrest and Preventive Detention: Protection Against Arrest and Preventive Detention
- Judicial Appointments and Accountability: Judicial Trends- Appointment of Judges of Higher Judiciary under the Indian Constitution, Reports of Law Commission, Judicial Accountability and Independence of Judiciary
- 8
- Judicial Review
- Language of the Judiciary, Regional Languages Article 345, Article 346, Article 347
- 9
- Lok Pal and Lokayuktas, the Contents of this Bill Include, Lokayuktas
- Malimath Committee on Criminal Justice, Suggested Changes
- 10
- CPC, All-India Judicial Services
- Enforcement of Decree and Orders of SC: Article 142, Position of the SC, Limitation, Precedent
- 11
- Per Incuriam and Sub-Silentio, Doctrine of Pith and Substance, Public Interest Litigation (PIL)
- Present Status, Article 21, Article 22, Article 22 Deals with Two Separate Matters
- 12
- Present Status of PD Law, the Rights to be Informed of Grounds of Arrest
- Judicial System Part V Art 124 to 147 and Part VI Art 214 to 232 for Hc, the Supreme Court Article 124, Functions, Composition of the Supreme Court
- 13
- Preventive Detention Laws, Punitive Detention and Preventive Detention, History of Preventive Detention
- Recent Rulings of SC, on Conversion, Article 26, Article 27
- 14
- Social Action Litigation (SAL) , Advisory Jurisdiction: Article 143, Presidential Reference
- Tenure and Impeachment, Salaries and Allowances, Acting CJ: Article 126, Ad-Hoc Judges: Article 127
- 15
- Attendance of Retired Judges: Article 128, a Court of Record: Article 129, Seat of Supreme Court: Article 130, Original Jurisdiction: Article 131, Pre-Conditions
- Tenure and Removal, Functions and Powers, Inter-State Water Dispute
- 16
- This Time Three Issues Were Referred, the 12th Presidential Reference Has Four Points, Article 144, Article 145
- High Courts Article 214, Article 215, Article 217, Article 217: Appointment of Judges
- 17
- Subordinate Courts, Article 233, Article 233A, Article 234, Article 235, Article 236
- High Court, Appointment of Judges, Qualifications of Judges, Tenure of Judges
- 18
- High Court: Removal of Judges, Independence of Judges, Jurisdiction and Powers of High Court, High Courts and Their Jurisdiction
- Judicial Review: Evolution, Meaning of Judicial Review, Importance of Judicial Review, Constitutional Provisions for Judicial Review
- 19
- Judicial Activism and Public Interest Litigation: Evolution, Meaning, Justification of Judicial Activism, Activators of Judicial Activism
- Judicial Activism and Public Interest Litigation: Public Interest Litigation
- 20
- The Beauty of the Basic Structure of the Constitution of India
- Judicial Reforms: Evolution of Indian Judiciary, Issues in the Judicial System, What We Need, Why Judicial Reforms and Accountability is Imperative for India, Conclusion
- 21
- Judicial Review and Judicial Activism: Judicial Review- Charts Showing Differences between Judicial Activism and Judicial Restraint, Meaning of Judicial Review, Chart Showing the Scope of Judicial Review, Constitutional Provisions for Judicial Review, Scope of Judicial Review
- Judicial Review and Judicial Activism: Judicial Activism- Justification of Judicial Activism, Activators of Judicial Activism, Supreme Court Observations
- 22
- Judiciary: Nature of Judiciary in India, Jurisdiction of S. C- Chart Showing Hierarchy at National and State Level
- Judiciary: Nature and Power of Supreme Court – Hierarchy at District Level, System of Appointment, System of Removal, Evaluation of the Role Played by Judiciary, Paradoxes of Indian Judiciary- Figure
- 23
- Judiciary: Appointment of Judges of Higher Judiciary, Removal of Judges, View of Constituent Assembly (CA) - System of Practice, Seat of Supreme Court, Supreme Court Advocates
- Judiciary: Response of Judiciary, Comparison of Indian Supreme Court and U. S Supreme Court, Appointment of CJI, Chief Justices of India – Name and Tenure, Problems Involved
- 24
- The Judiciary in India: Structure and Composition, Powers and Jurisdiction
- The Judiciary in India: Growth and Evaluation of Judicial Power, Public Interest Litigation, Evolution of PIL in India: Some Landmark Judgements
- 25
- The Judiciary in India: Factors Responsible for the Growth of PIL in India, Significance of PIL, Certain Weaknesses of PIL
- High Court, Organisation of High Court, Judges, Acting Chief Justice
- 26
- High Court, Independence of High Court, Security of Tenure, Expenses Charged on Consolidated Fund
- High Court, Jurisdiction and Powers of High Court, Writ Jurisdiction
- 27
- Judicial Activism, Meaning of Judicial Activism, Justification of Judicial Activism
- Judicial Review, Meaning of Judicial Review, Importance of Judicial Review
- 28
- Public Interest Litigation, Meaning of PIL, Features of PIL, Scope of PIL
- State Legislature, High Court, Organisation of States Legislature, Composition of Two Houses
- 29
- Subordinate Courts, Special Status of Jammu & Kashmir, Special Provisions for Some States
- Subordinate Courts, Lok Adalat՚s, Meaning, Statutory Status, Benefits
- 30
- Subordinate Courts, Gram Nyayalayas, Reasons, Features, Establishment
- Subordinate Courts, Permanent Lok Adalat՚s, Family Courts
- 31
- Supreme Court, Organisation of Supreme Court, Judges, Appointment of Chief Justice
- Supreme Court, Seat of Supreme Court, Procedure of the Court
- 32
- Supreme Court, Supreme Court Advocates, Senior Advocates, Advocates – on Record
- Supreme Court, Jurisdiction and Powers of Supreme Court, Writ Jurisdiction
- 33
- Advocates (Amendment) Bill, 2023
Executive [14 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Prime Minister
- Executive and Protection to Civil Servants: Executive of the Union- Qualifications for Election as President Are, Powers of President, Vice President, Council of Ministers- Qualifications for Vice President, Council of Ministers
- 2
- Executive and Protection to Civil Servants: Attorney General of India, State Executive, Services under the Union or a State, Civil Post
- List of Ministries/Departments
- 3
- Ministers of State
- Article 78, President and Prime Minister, Attorney General of India, Article 76, Solicitor General of India
- 4
- Chapter I the Executive, Council of Ministers, Conduct of Government Business
- The Executive in India: The Cabinet- Coalition Politics and Presidents Discretion, Powers and Function, Prime Minister – “Primus Inter Pares” , Power and Function, Positioning the Executive in Line
- 5
- Prime Minister - Term of Office, Powers and Functions of Prime Minister, Role & Description
- Union Executive: Attorney General of India, Appointment and Term, Duties and Functions, Limitation of Attorney General of India, Central Council of Minister
- 6
- Union Executive: Appointment of Prime Minister, Oath and Salary as Prime Minister, Composition of Minister, Constitutional Provisions, Responsibility of the Minister, Role of Cabinet, Role Description of Cabinet
- Central Administration: Cabinet Secretariat and Cabinet Secretary, Council of Minister and Cabinet
- 7
- Urban Local Bodies
- Power and Functions of the Prime Minister of India, in Relation to Council of Minister
Union State Legislative Relations [67 Notes- 5% Effort]
- 1
- Allocation of Seats in Parliament
- Types of Majority
- 2
- Breach of Privileges: Joint Sitting, Session, Recess, Adjournment, Prorogation
- Dissolution: The Question Hours, Zero Hour, Adjournment Motion, Calling Attention Notices, Mentions under Rule 377, Substantive Motion, Subsidiary Motion
- 3
- Business Advisory Committee: Committee on Private Members ′ Bill, Committee on Absence of Member ′ S from Sitting, Rules Committee
- Petitions Committee: Privilege Committee, Committee on Government Assurance Committee on Subordinate Legislation, General Purpose Committee, House Committee
- 4
- Joint Library Committee: Committee on Papers Laid on the Table, Terminologies, Difference between the Ad Hoc Committee and Standing Committee
- Conditions when No Party Has Clear Cut Majority: In the Appointment of Chief Minister, State Legislature
- 5
- Delegated and Subordinate Legislation, Limitation, Quorum in Parliament, Pro-Tem Speaker, Leader of Opposition, Article 319, Article 263
- Article 254 (2) , Breach of Privileges, Contempt of the House, Joint Sitting, Session, Adjournment
- 6
- Difference between Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, Special Powers of LS, Deputy Speaker Article 93 to 95, Rule 10, Termination
- Inter State Trade: Pre – Constitutional Position, Freedom of Trade and Commerce: Constitutional History, Post Constitutional Scenario
- 7
- Powers and Functions of the Speaker, Parliamentary Privileges
- Difference between Proper and Improper
- 8
- Limitation, Quorum in Parliament, Pro-Tem Speaker, Lame-Duck Session, Leader of Opposition, Point of Order, Article 319, Article 263, Article 254 (2)
- Estimates Committee and the Functions
- 9
- Committee on Empowerment of Women
- Indian Parliamentary System: Council of States (Rajya Sabha) & House of People (Lok Sabha) , Position of Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of People
- 10
- Parliament and State Legislature: Legislative Procedure- Ordinary Bill, Money Bill, Joint Sittings, Indian Constitution and State Legislature-Points to be Considered
- Finance Commission: In Search of Identity
- 11
- Freedom of Speech in Parliament [Article 105 (1) ]
- Exemption to Serve as Juror
- 12
- Government Accounts, Public Account, Revenue Account, Capital Account
- In the Appointment of Chief Minister, Dismissal of Ministry
- 13
- Kitchen Cabinet, Cabinet Committee, Unattached Member, Plenary Power
- Majoritarian System, Proportional Representation, Synchronized Polling
- 14
- Third Reading, Bill in the Other House, Money Bills, Parliamentary Proceedings, Commencement of a Sittings
- Parliament, Part V Article 79 to 122, Changing Role of Rajya Sabha, Special Powers of Rajya Sabha
- 15
- Chapter II: Parliament, Officers of Parliament, Conduct of Business, Disqualification of Members, Legislative Procedure, Procedure in Financial Matters
- Prorogation, Dissolution, the Question Hours, Zero Hour, Adjournment Motion, Calling Attention Notices, Short Duration Discussions: 1953
- 16
- Mentions under Rule 377, Substantive Motion, No Date Yet Motion, Resolutions, Parliamentary Control over Finance, Cut Motion, Principle of Guillotine, Appropriation Bill
- Question Hour, Main Business, Legislative Business, Financial Business, Debate in the House
- 17
- Role of CAG in Parliamentary System, New Initiative, Suggestions in the Wake of Liberalization
- Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha
- 18
- Speakers of Lok Sabha, Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha
- Types of Bills, Money Bill, Finance Bill
- 19
- How a Bill Becomes an Act, First Reading, Publication in Gazette
- Vote on Account, Interim Budget, Vote of Credit, Exceptional Grant, Supplementary Demands/Grants, Joint Sittings
- 20
- Voting and Defection, on SC/st/BCs
- Working of Parliamentary System, Composition of Rajya Sabha, Composition of Lok Sabha
- 21
- Working of Parliamentary System: Summoning, Some Important Terms and Rules
- Governor, Nature of Office of Governor, Powers of Governor
- 22
- Chief Minister, Powers and Functions
- Indian Parliament: Structure, Function, and Role: Parliamentary System, Structure and Function- Rajya Sabha & Lok Sabha
- 23
- Indian Parliament: Structure, Function, and Role: Legislative Function, Conditions of Deadlock, Changing Representational Profile of Parliament, Parliament – Institution of Accountability
- Government in States: Legislature, Governor, Chief Minister: Legislative Council, Legislative Assembly
- 24
- Government in States: Legislature, Governor, Chief Minister
- Union - Executive: Form of Government in India, Meaning of Parliamentary Form of Government, Why Two Heads Are Needed? , Why?
- 25
- Chief Minister: Appointment of Chief Minister, Term, and the Salary
- Parliamentary System and Presidential System: Features of Parliamentary System
- 26
- Parliamentary System and Presidential System: Features of Presidential Government, Merits of Parliamentary System, Demerits of the Parliamentary Government, Reasons for Adopting Parliamentary System, Presidential Form of Government
- Power and Functions of Chief Minister: In Relation to Council of Minister, in Relation to the Governor, in Relation of the State Legislature
- 27
- Power and Functions of Chief Minister: In Relation to Council of Minister, Articles Related to Chief Minister Immediately, Relationship of the Governor, List of Chief Ministers
- State Executive: Governor, Appointment of Governor and Qualification of the Governor, Term of Governor Office, Powers and Functions of Governor
- 28
- Control over Administration: Legislative Control
- Chief Minister: Appointment; Powers & Functions
- 29
- Governor, Appointment of Governor, Conditions of Governor՚s Office
- Governor, Powers and Functions of Governor, Executive Powers, Financial Powers
- 30
- Governor, Constitutional Position of Governor, Articles Related to Governor at a Glance
- Parliamentary Forums, Establishment of Forum, Objectives of the Forums
- 31
- Parliamentary Group, Rationale of the Group, Objectives of the Group
- Parliamentary System, Demerits of the Parliamentary System
- 32
- Provisional Collection of Taxes Bill, 2023
- Repealing and Amending Bill 2023
- 33
- Telecommunications Bill 2023: Important Advantages and Its Key Features, Limitations of Telecommunication Bills
- Telecommunications Bill 2023
- 34
- Post Office Bill 2023
Emergency Provisions [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Emergency Provisions: Objective, Introduction, Emergency Provisions under the Indian Constitution, State Emergency under Article 356, Financial Emergency
- Emergency Provisions
Amendment of the Constitution [104 Notes- 7% Effort]
- 1
- Types of Amendments
- Pillars of Government
- 2
- No Confidence Motion and Censure Motion (Rev.)
- The First Amendment Act
- 3
- 98th Amendment Bill, 2003: Implications, Appointment of CJI
- Chapter II: Administrative Relations General: Disputes Relating to Waters
- 4
- Chapter I: Finance: Miscellaneous Financial Provisions, Chapter II: Borrowing, Chapter III: Property, Contracts, Rights, Liabilities, Obligations and Suits
- Anti-Defection Law: Article 101,102, 191 - 192 and Tenth Schedule
- 5
- Amendment Procedure: Article 368, Amendment to the Article
- Background: The Indestructible Union, Part I, Article 1 to 4, Article: 1 to 4 (Part I) : Union and Its Territories
- 6
- Basic Objectives: Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, Dignity of the Individual, Unity and the Integrity of the Nations
- The AMU Verdict: Grounds of Rejection, Implications
- 7
- Article 31: Amendments to the Law
- Article 32: Difference between Article 32 and Article 226, Res Judicata, Suspension of Article 32: Clause (4)
- 8
- Article 360: Centre-State Relations -Part XI Article 245 - 293
- Constitutional Perspective: Legislative Relations: 245 - 255 - Extraordinary Conditions to Legislate State List
- 9
- Constitution of India: Article: Country and PIO Population, Citizenship Act: Article 5 to 11
- Committee of Privileges Consists and Proceedings of Parliament and State Legislatures -1
- 10
- Commonwealth Citizenship: Classification
- Termination of Citizenship: Rights Not Available to Aliens, Pravasi Bhartiya Diwas
- 11
- Comparative Position: History of Amendments
- The Constitution (Second Amendment) Act, 1952, the Constitution (Third Amendment) Act, 1954, the Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1955, the Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1955 , the Constitution (Sixth Amendment) Act, 1956
- 12
- The Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, the Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1959, the Constitution (Ninth Amendment) Act, 1961, the Constitution (Tenth Amendment) Act, 1961, the Constitution (Eleventh Amendment) Act, 1961
- The Constitution (Twelfth Amendment) Act, 1962, the Constitution (Thirteenth Amendment) Act, 1962, the Constitution (Fourteenth Amendment) Act, 1962.
- 13
- Comptroller and Auditor General: Part V Article 148 - 151, Role of PAC in Parliamentary System
- Chapter V: Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) : Chapter I-General, Chapter II: The Executive
- 14
- Chapter III: The State Legislature: Officers of the State Legislature, Disqualifications of Members, Legislative Procedure, Procedure in Financial Matters, Procedure Generally
- Conditions for the Application of Clause (1) : The Right to Establish and Administer
- 15
- Advance Constitutional Law: Preamble Constitutional Interpretation and Constitutionalism, Whether Preamble is the Part of the Constitution or Not
- The Constitution (Sixty-Sixth Amendment) Act, 1990, the Constitution (Sixty-Seventh Amendment) Act, 1991, the Constitution (Sixty-Eighth Amendment) Act, 1991, the Constitution (Sixty-Ninth Amendment) Act, 1991, the Constitution (Seventieth Amendment) Act, 1992, the Constitution (Seventy-First Amendment) Act, 1992
- 16
- The Constitution (Seventy-Second Amendment) Act, 1992 , the Constitution (Seventy-Third Amendment) Act, 1992, the Constitution (Seventy-Fourth Amendment) Act, 1992, the Constitution (Seventy-Fifth Amendment) Act, 1993, the Constitution (Seventy-Sixth Amendment) Act, 1994, the Constitution (Seventy-Seventh Amendment) Act, 1995
- The Constitution (Seventy-Eight Amendment) Act, 1995, the Constitution (Seventy-Ninth Amendment) Act, 1999, the Constitution (Eightieth Amendment) Act, 2000, the Constitution (Eighty-First Amendment) Act, 2000, the Constitution (Eighty-Second Amendment) Act, 2000, the Constitution (Eighty-Third Amendment) Act, 2000, the Constitution (Eighty- Fourth Amendment) Act, 2001
- 17
- Article 15, Article 16
- Constitutional Provisions, under Article 16 (4) Applies Only if Two Conditions Are Satisfied, Who Are Socially and Educationally Backward Classes, What is the Limit of Reservation
- 18
- Amendment of the Constitution and Doctrine of Basic Structure: Constitutional Amendments in India, Amending Power of Parliament
- Amendment of the Constitution and Doctrine of Basic Structure: Emergence of Basic Structure Doctrine, Consolidation of Basic Structure Doctrine After Keshavananda, Basic Structure Debate
- 19
- Doctrine of Pith and Substance, Public Interest Litigation (PIL) , Delegated and Subordinate Legislation
- Doctrine of Eminent Domain: Doctrine of Eminent Domain, Position in British Era, Constitutional Debates and Right to Property, Constitution and Right to Property: A Journey of Amendments
- 20
- Emergency Provisions, PART XVII Art 352 to 360, Position of the Court, the 44th Amendment, 1978, Inserted a New Clause
- Effects of Proclamation, the Use of 356
- 21
- Part IX - Article 243, Evaluation
- Article 20, Ex Post Facto Legislation, Exceptions
- 22
- Article 73: Extent of Executive Power of the Union
- Amendment of the Constitution and Doctrine of Basic Structure: Amending Power of Parliament
- 23
- Financial Relations: Transfer of Resources - Via Planning Commission, the Gadgil Formula
- Concept of Precautionary Principle, Union Executive: Part V Article 52 to 78 and 123, Article 52, Article 53
- 24
- Equal Pay for Equal Work, Ideals of the State, Shaping of the Policy of the State
- Inter-State Councils
- 25
- Important Writs: Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari, Quo-Warranto
- Jammu and Kashmir, Article 370, Salient Features of the Constitutional Position of the State of Jammu and Kashmir
- 26
- Non-Resident Indians, Persons of Indian Origin, Referendum, Plebiscite, Direct Democracy
- Article 350, Article 350A, Article 350B, Article 351, Eighth Schedules
- 27
- Chapter I: Language of the Union, Chapter II: Regional Languages, Chapter III: Language of the Supreme Court, High Courts, Etc. , Chapter IV: Special Directives
- Rule of Law, Exception to the Rule of Law, Doctrine of Classification, Equal Pay for Equal Work
- 28
- Doctrine of Severability, Doctrine of Eclipse, Doctrine of Waiver
- Legislative Councils, Creation and Abolition of Legislative Council, Article 171, the Composition
- 29
- Chapter IV: Legislative Power of the Governor, Chapter V: The High Courts in the States, Chapter VI: Subordinate Courts
- Limitations, Creation of All India Services, Administrative Tribunals, 323 a - 42nd Amendment 1976
- 30
- Doctrine of Severability, Doctrine of Eclipse
- Part X Scheduled and Tribal Areas, Chapter I: Legislative Relations
- 31
- Article 22, Persons Detained under the Law of Preventive Detention, Right to be Defended by a Lawyer of His Own Choice, Preventive Detention (PD) Laws
- Article 33, Article 34, Article 35
- 32
- Article 21, Inter-Relation of Articles 14,19 and 21, Procedure Established by Law, Natural Justice, Other Rights Associated with Article 21
- 87th Amendment Act, 88th Amendment Act, 89th Amendment
- 33
- 338A, Scheduled Tribes, 338A (5) , Duty of the Commission, 90th Amendment Act, Following Has Been Added to Article 332 (6) , the Constitutional Amendment ( 102nd ) Bill, 2003
- Article 257, Delegation of Union Functions to the States, All-India Services, Grants in-Aid, Miscellaneous
- 34
- The Closure of Polluting Industries, Right of Education, Prisoner՚s Right and Article 21, Right to Free Legal Aid, Right Against Solitary Confinement, Right to Speedy Trial
- Article 21A, 86th Amendment 2002, Right to Die
- 35
- The Constitution (Eighty-Fifth Amendment) Act, 2001, the Constitution (Eighty-Sixth Amendment) Act, 2002, the 89th Amendment in 2003, the 90th Amendment, the 91st Amendment Bill 2003, the 93rd Amendment 2003, the 94th Constitutional Amendment Bill
- The 95th Constitutional Amendment Bill, the 96th Constitutional Amendment Bill, 2003, 94th Constitutional Amendment Bill, the 99th Amendment, 100th Constitutional Amendment Bill, 2004
- 36
- The Constitution (Fifteenth Amendment) Act, 1963, the Constitution (Sixteenth Amendment) Act, 1963, the Constitution (Seventeenth Amendment) Act, 1964, the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 1966, the Constitution (Nineteenth Amendment) Act, 1966
- The Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 1966, Article 233, the Constitution (Twenty-First Amendment) Act, 1967, the Constitution (Twenty-Second Amendment) Act, 1969, the Constitution (Twenty-Third Amendment) Act, 1969
- 37
- The Constitution (Twenty-Fourth Amendment) Act, 1971, the Constitution (Twenty-Fifth Amendment) Act, 1971, the Constitution (Twenty-Sixth Amendment) Act, 1971, the Constitution (Twenty-Seventh Amendment) Act, 1971, the Constitution (Twenty-Eighth Amendment) Act, 1972, the Constitution (Twenty-Ninth Amendment) Act, 1972
- The Constitution (Thirtieth Amendment) Act, 1972, the Constitution (Thirty-First Amendment) Act, 1973, the Constitution (Thirty-Second Amendment) Act, 1973, the Constitution (Thirty-Third Amendment) Act, 1974, the Constitution (Thirty-Four Amendment) Act, 1974, the Constitution (Thirty-Fifth and Thirty-Sixth Amendment) Act, 1974 - 75
- 38
- The Constitution (Forty-Fourth Amendment) Act, 1978, the Constitution (Forty-Fifth Amendment) Act, 1980, the Constitution (Forty-Sixth Amendment) Act, 1982, the Constitution (Forty-Seventh Amendment) Act, 1984, the Constitution (Forty-Eighth Amendment) Act, 1984
- The Constitution (Forty-Ninth Amendment) Act, 1984, the Constitution (Fiftieth Amendment) Act, 1984, the Constitution (Fifty-First Amendment) Act, 1984, the Constitution (Fifty-Second Amendment) Act, 1984, the Constitution (Fifty-Third Amendment) Act, 1986
- 39
- The Constitution (Fifty-Fourth Amendment) Act, 1986, the Constitution (Fifty-Fifth Amendment) Act, 1986, the Constitution (Fifty-Sixth Amendment) Act, 1987, the Constitution (Fifty-Seventh Amendment) Act, 1987, the Constitution (Fifty-Eighth Amendment) Act, 1987, the Constitution (Fifty-Ninth Amendment) Act, 1988
- The Constitution (Sixtieth Amendment) Act, 1988, the Constitution (Sixty-First Amendment) Act, 1988, the Constitution (Sixty-Second Amendment) Act, 1990, the Constitution (Sixty-Third Amendment) Act, 1990, the Constitution (Sixty-Four Amendment) Act, 1990, the Constitution (Sixty-Fifth Amendment) Act, 1990
- 40
- The Constitution (Thirty-Seventh Amendment) Act, 1975, the Constitution (Thirty-Eighth Amendment) Act, 1975, the Constitution (Thirty-Ninth Amendment) Act, 1975, the Constitution (Fortieth Amendment) Act, 1976
- The Constitution (Forty-First Amendment) Act, 1976, the Constitution (Forty-Second Amendment) Act, 1976, Preamble, Executive, Judiciary, Article 144A and Article 128A
- 41
- 91st Amendment Act, 92nd Amendment Act, 93rd Amendment Act, 2005
- 104th Amendment Bill, 2005, Official Language of the Union, Part XVII Articles 343 to 351
- 42
- Article 370 of the Indian Constitution, Explanation
- The Territories of the States: 28 States
- 43
- The Union Territory Specified in the First Schedule, Difference between UT and State, Article: 2
- Article: 3, Article: 4, Cession of Indian Territory to Foreign Country
- 44
- Article 219, Article 220, Article 222, Article 223, Article 224, Appointment of Additional and Acting Judges
- Perceiving and Building Institution: Constituent Assembly of India – to Choose Form of Government, Debate of Indigenous System
- 45
- Amendment of the Constitution, Procedure for Amendment, Types of Amendments
- Anti-Defection Law, Provisions of the Act, Evaluation of the Act 91st Amendment Act (2003)
- 46
- Attorney General of India, Appointment and Term, Duties and Functions
- Authoritative Text of the Constitution in Hindi Language, Constitutional Provisions
- 47
- Cooperative Societies, Constitutional Provisions, Reasons for the 97th Amendment
- Directive Principles of State Policy, Features of the Directive Principles
- 48
- Municipalities, 74th Amendment Act of 1992, Composition, Wards Committees
- The National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution: Areas of Concern & Recommendations
- 49
- National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitutio: Recommendations of the Commission
- Union Territories, Creation of Union Territories, Administration of Union Territories
- 50
- Repealing and Amending Bill 2023
- National Capital Territory of Delhi Laws (Special Provisions) Second (Amendment) Bill, 2023
- 51
- Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation (Second Amendment) Bill, 2023
- Government of Union Territories (Amendment) Bill, 2023
- 52
- Jammu and Kashmir Reservation (Amendment) Bill, 2023
- The Central Universities (Amendment) Bill, 2023
Writ Jurisdiction [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Election Commission [35 Notes- 3% Effort]
- 1
- List of All Chief Election Commissioner of India is Given
- The Election Commission of India
- 2
- Article 355 and 356: The ISC Has Admitted, on Electoral Reforms
- Chief Election Commissioners of India: Civilian Awards
- 3
- EC՚s Functions, Civil Services and Administrative Tribunals, All-India Services
- Election Machinery, New Directives of Supreme Court, the Election Commission Functions
- 4
- Electoral Reforms, Restructuring of EC, State Funding
- Section 8 of RPA, Candidate՚s Requirement, Recent Guidelines of EC
- 5
- Territorial Representation, Functional Representation, Electoral Systems, Plurality System
- One-Twelfth Elected the Tenure, Elections and Election Commission, Para XV Article 324 to 329A
- 6
- NCRWC՚s Recommendations on Political Parties and the Commission Suggested the Following Measures
- Recommendations on Electoral Reforms, Political Parties, Recommendations on Voting and Defection
- 7
- The Final Position of the Parties in the Elections, Important Committees Are
- Election Commission and Electoral Reforms: Composition, Powers and Functions
- 8
- Election Commission and Electoral Reforms: Electoral Reforms
- Electoral Behaviour: Meaning and Evolution, Significance, What Determines Electoral Behaviour
- 9
- Election Commission of India: Composition, Roles and Functions, Electoral Reforms
- Determinants of Voting Behaviour: Election – Meaning, Proportional Representation, Electorate – Meaning and Nature- Election and Electorate in India, Election Commission of India, Electoral Reforms
- 10
- Determinants of Voting Behaviour: Psephology in India, Determinants of Voting Behaviour, Voting Behaviour – Recent Trends
- Changing Nature of Political Participation and Representation: Political Participation- Participation in Terms of Electoral Turn Out/Voting, Turnout Among Voters of Different Economic Class
- 11
- Changing Nature of Political Participation and Representation: Voting Pattern Across Social Communities- Patterns Across Locality, Turnout Among Women
- Changing Nature of Political Participation and Representation: Political Participation Beyond Voting and Turn Out, Conclusion- Representation, Caste, Muslims
- 12
- Central Vigilance Commission, Composition, Organisation, Functions, Working
- Election Commission, Composition, Powers and Functions, Vision, Mission and Principles
- 13
- Election Laws, Representation of the People Act, 1950, Representation of the People Act, 1951
- Elections, Election Process, Time of Elections, Schedule of Elections
- 14
- Elections, Election Process, Supervising Elections, Counting of Votes
- Electoral Reforms, Committees Related to Electoral Reforms, Electoral Reforms of 1996
- 15
- Electoral Reforms, Electoral Reforms After 1996, Presidential and Vice-Presidential Elections
- Electoral Reforms, Electoral Reforms Since 2010, Restrictions Imposed on Exit Polls
- 16
- President and Election of President, Qualifications, Oath and Conditions of President of India
- President and Election of President, Powers and Functions of President of India
- 17
- President and Election of President, Ordinance Making Power of President of India
- Special Status of Jammu and Kashmir, Accession of J&K to India, Present Relationship between J&K and India
- 18
- Chief Election Commissioner and Other Election Commissioners (Appointment, Conditions of Service and Term of Office) Bill, 2023
Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions in Respect of Certain States [34 Notes- 3% Effort]
- 1
- Indian Federalism and American Federalism
- Federalism and NRC
- 2
- Coming of Panchayat Raj Institutions
- Ashoka Mehta Committee, G V K Rao and L M Singhvi Committee, , 73rd Constitution Amendment Act, Exceptions
- 3
- Procrastination Mandatory Provisions
- Non-Obligatory Provisions, Shortcomings
- 4
- What is Executive?
- Theory and Practice. Definition, Federal Features of the Constitution
- 5
- Theory and Practice: Non-Federal Features (Practice) , Comments of Constitutional Experts
- Emerging Trends in Center State Relations: Trends in Centre-State Relations, Tension Areas in Centre-State Relations, Reforms, Goods and Services Tax Council
- 6
- Inter State Council: Article 263, Composition of Inter-State Council, Functions and Duties, Duties of ISC, Significance
- Inter State Council: Criticism of ISC, What Needs to be Done to Strengthen the ISC, Importance of ISC, Conclusion
- 7
- Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions in Respect of Certain States
- Centre State Relations: Evolution of Centre – State Relation
- 8
- Centre State Relations: Sarkaria Commission
- Centre State Relations: Extra Constitutional Mechanism, Tensions in Centre – State Relation, Sarkaria Commission
- 9
- Centre State Relations: Punchhi Commission, Inter State Council, Local Self-Government, Communal Violence Bill
- Intergovernmental Relation and Coordination Mechanism: Sarkaria Commission, Punchhi Commission, Niti Aayog
- 10
- Changing Federal Structure and State Politics: Federalism, Nature of Indian Federalism, Changing Nature of Federal Setup
- Federalism: Establishment, History & Duties
- 11
- Federalism: Strong Centre Framework and Unitary Form of Government
- Asymmetrical Federalism in India
- 12
- Federalism: Role of Intergovernmental Mechanism, Major Characteristics of Intergovernmental Relations & Mechanisms
- Local Administration: Rural Local Bodies and Their Official
- 13
- Demands of Autonomy
- Federal System, Federal Features of the Constitution, Comparing Features of Federal and Unitary Governments
- 14
- Federal System, Unitary Features of the Constitution, Critical Evaluation of the Federal System
- Inter State Relations, Inter- State Water Disputes, Enter – State Councils
- 15
- Inter State Relations, Public Acts, Records and Judicial Proceedings
- Panchayats Raj, Municipalities, Union Territories, Scheduled and Tribal Areas
- 16
- Panchayats Raj, 73rd Amendment Act of 1992, Significance of the Act
- Panchayats Raj, Compulsory and Voluntary Provisions, PESA Act of 1996
- 17
- Panchayats Raj, Finances of Panchayats Raj, Administrative Reforms Commission
- Panchayats Raj, Reasons for Ineffective Performance, Lack of Adequate Devolution
Union and State Legislature and Their Interrelationship [22 Notes- 2% Effort]
- 1
- Appointment of Chairperson and Other Members of State Commission: Removal of a Member of the State Commission
- Article 170: Composition of the Legislative Assemblies, Article 172-Duration of State Legislatures
- 2
- Other Recommendations, State Executive: Part VI Article 153 to 167 and 168 - 213, Controversy
- Residuary Power, Relevance of Article 254, Executive or Administrative Relations: 256 - 263, Direction by the Union to the State Governments, Articles 256
- 3
- Taxes Assigned to States and Collected by States (Article 272) , Limitations, Suggestions
- Council of Ministers, Introduction
- 4
- Council of Ministers, Constitutional Provisions, Appointment of Ministers
- State Legislature, Composition of Assembly Strength
- 5
- State Legislature: Composition of Council Strength, Duration of Assembly
- Union and State Legislature and Their Interrelationship
- 6
- Parliament՚s Power to Legislate on State List: In the National Interest (Art. 249) , under Proclamation of National Emergency (Art. 250) , by Agreement between States (Art. 252) , to Implement Treaties (Art. 253)
- Parliament՚s Power to Legislate on State List: Under Proclamation of President՚s Rule (Art. 356) , Power of Parliament to Legislate on State Subjects
- 7
- Advocate General of State: Appointment and Term of Office and Duties and Functions
- State Legislature: Membership of State Legislature and Vacation of the Seats, Presiding Officers of State Legislature
- 8
- State Legislature: Membership of State Legislature and Vacation of the Seats, Speaker Power and Duties, Deputy Speaker of Assembly, Chairman of Council, Legislative Process of the Bill, Deputy Chairman of Council, Comparing Legislative Procedure in Parliament and State Legislature
- State Council of Ministers: The Structure of Power in the State Executive, Nature of Advice by the Minister, Appointment of Ministers, Composition of the Council of Ministers, Cabinet Committees, Articles Related to State Council of Ministers Immediately
- 9
- State Legislature: Organisation, Composition of Two Houses and Council, Readjustment After Each Census, Session of State Legislature
- State Administration: Governor, Chief Minister, Cabinet and Council of Ministers, Chief Secretary
- 10
- Cabinet Committees, Features of Cabinet Committees, List of Cabinet Committees
- Central Council of Ministers, Composition of the Council of Ministers
- 11
- Central Council of Ministers, Constitutional Provisions, Nature of Advice by Ministers
- State Council of Ministers, Constitutional Provisions, Appointment of Ministers
The President of India [21 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- President
- Powers of President (Rev.)
- 2
- The President of India (Article 52 - 62) : Qualification for Election as President (Article 58) , Election of President (Article 54) , Manner of Election (Article 55) , Term of President (Article 56) , Re-Election of President (Article 57) , Conditions of President՚s Office (Article 59) , Impeachment of President (Article 61)
- Election of the President and Dispute Regarding It: Article 54
- 3
- Article 74: Position of the President
- Comparative Position of the President and Governor in Relation to the CoMs, Article 75, Appointment of PM
- 4
- Chapter III: Legislative Powers of the President, Chapter IV: The Union Judiciary
- Privilege of the President: Article 361, Powers of the President, Pardoning Power
- 5
- Comparative Power of President and Governor: Art 72 and Article 161, Exercise of the Power, Judicial Review of Exercise of President՚s Power, Lies Outside the Purview, Lies Within the Purview
- Procedure for Impeachment, Article 61, Vacancy of the Office, Vice-President
- 6
- Article 65, Article 66, Election of Vice-President, Amendments, Qualification
- Process, Article 55, Value of the Votes, Disputes: Article 71, Eligibility for Re-Election, Qualification, Oath by the President
- 7
- Table of Precedence
- Article 67, Term of Office of Vice-President, Tenure, Article 68, Article 69, Article 70
- 8
- Article 77, Veto Powers of the President, Legislative Powers, Executive Powers
- The Executive in India: President, Criticism of Emergency Power
- 9
- Union - Executive: Qualifications for Election as President, Conditions of President՚s Office, Vacancy in the President՚s Office, Nature of Authority of the President
- Vice President: Election, Qualification, Condition of Office, Vice-Presidents of India – Name and Tenure
- 10
- The Central Administration – President, Prime Minister
- Powers and Functions of Vice President of India, Comparison of Indian and American Vice- President
- 11
- Vice President Election of Vice- President of India, Qualifications, Oath & Affirmation of Vice-President of India
Legal Theory [9 Notes- 1% Effort]
Nature and Sources of Law [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Positivism, Natural [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Law Theory [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Sociological Jurisprudence [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Theories of Punishment [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Rights and Duties [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Concepts of Possession and Ownership [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Public International Law [28 Notes- 3% Effort]
Nature of International Law [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Sources of International Law [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Recognition of States and Governments [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
United Nations [6 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Objectives of United Nations: About the Organization, Objectives of United Nations
- Objectives of United Nations: United Nations Contributions to the World
- 2
- Objectives of United Nations: Actual Record of United Nations, Do We Need United Nations? , Conclusion
- Financing and Peace-Keeping Operations: Financing of the UN, United Nations Peace-Keeping, What is Peacekeeping
- 3
- Financing and Peace-Keeping Operations: Departments of United Nations Peacekeeping, Critical Evaluation, Conclusion
- United Nation: Preamble, Philosophy and Principles of United Nation, Envision Role of U. N and the Assessment of the Role of U. N, India Role as Member of U. N. S. C – Permanent Member – Argument in Support
Human Rights [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Human Rights: Meaning, Kinds, Evolution
- U. N Charter and Human Rights, United Nation՚s Councils or Commissions Connected with Human Rights
- 2
- Human Rights and Indian Constitution, National Human Rights Commission, Conclusion
Extradition, Asylum, Nationality and Refugees Status [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Purpose of Extradition, is Extradition a Legal Duty of a State, Law of Extradition, Extradition Law in India
- Meaning, Types of Asylum, Asylum and Extradition
- 2
- 1951 Convention Relating to Status of the Refugees
International Court of Justice [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Organisation of the Court, President and Vice-President of the Court, Chamber, Competence of Court, Jurisdiction of the Court, Conclusion
- ICC
UNO and Its Organs [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Global Trade Regime under International Law [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Nationality, Immigrants, Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons (IDPS) [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Nationality and Citizenship, Modes of Acquisition and Loss of Nationality, Concept of Double Nationality, Citizenship Law in India
- Nationality, Immigrants, Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons (IDPS) - The Indian Legal Framework Protects IDPs, the Constitution of India, Article 21 (Right to Life) , Refugees under the Indian Legal Framework
- 2
- Nationality, Immigrants, Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons (IDPS) - Refugee Provisions in the Constitution, Migrants, Types of Migration
International Humanitarian Law (IHL) [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- International Humanitarian Law (IHL) : Origin and Sources of International Humanitarian Law
- International Humanitarian Law (IHL) : Aim, when Does International Humanitarian Law Apply, IAC: International Armed Conflict, Implications for Humanitarian Assistance
Implementation of IHL - Challenges [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Family Law [32 Notes- 3% Effort]
Concepts in Family Law [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Sources of Family Law in India [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Nature & Forms of Marriage
- Hindu Marriage Act, 1955: Conditions for a Valid Hindu Marriage under Act, Effect of Contravention, Ceremonies and Customary Rites
Divorce [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Adoption and Guardianship [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Maintenance [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Matrimonial Remedies [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Uniform Civil Code [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Schools of Family Law [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Schools of Family Law: Mitakshara, Dayabhaga School
- Schools of Family Law: Difference between Mitakshara and Dayabhaga School, Effect of Migration, Doctrine of Factum Valet
Changing Dimensions of Institution of Marriage - Live-In Relationship [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Institution of Marriage - Live-In Relationship
- Institution of Marriage - Live-In Relationship: Judicial Approach and Legality
- 2
- Changing Dimensions of Institution of Marriage - Live-In Relationship: Rights
Recognition of Foreign Decrees in India on Marriage and Divorce [4 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Recognition of Foreign Decrees in India on Marriage and Divorce
- Recognition of Foreign Decrees in India on Marriage and Divorce: Effects of the Decree
- 2
- Domicile & Divorce Proceedings in Indian Law: When Parties Attend and Participate in the Divorce Proceedings, when Parties Do Not Attend the Divorce Proceedings
- Domicile & Divorce Proceedings in Indian Law: Other Relevant Provisions in Indian Law, Probable Consequences of an Invalid Divorce Decree, Execution of a Foreign Divorce Decree
Adoption, Guardianship and Acknowledgment [4 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Guardianship under Different Religions and Acknowledgment
- Adoption, Guardianship and Acknowledgment
- 2
- Adoption: Cases & under Different Laws
- Guardianship & Types
Succession and Inheritance [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Division to Heirs; Property Distribution under HUF, Christian, Parsi, Muslim Personal Law Board
- Succession Rights of Women, Children, Spouse
- 2
- Succession and Inheritance
Maintenance, Dower and Stridhan [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Will, Gift and Wakf [5 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Will, Indian Succession Act; Probate & Grants
- Gifts & Classification
- 2
- Gifts & Classification: Ancestral and Self-Acquired Property, Essentials of a Valid Gift, Delivery of Possession
- Gifts and Wakf: Modes of Delivery of Possession, Unborn People՚s Gifts, Undivided Sharing Gift (Mushaa)
- 3
- Gifts and Wakf: Exceptions, Wakf
Law of Contracts-General Principles [57 Notes- 6% Effort]
Essentials of a Valid Contract [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Offer, Acceptance and Consideration [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Law of Contract- General Principle: Offer, Acceptance and Consideration, Offer or Proposal
- Law of Contract: General Principle - Offer, Acceptance and Consideration, Offer or Proposal, Acceptance, Consideration
Capacity to Contract [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Elements Vitiating Contract [7 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Law of Contracts- General Principle: Elements Vitiating Contract- Mistake
- Elements Vitiating Contract-Misrepresentation
- 2
- Law of Contracts- General Principal Elements Vitiating Contract- Fraud: Definition of Fraud
- Coercion- Elements Vitiating Contract
- 3
- Frustration of Contract- Elements Vitiating Contract
- Public Policy - Elements Vitiating Contract
- 4
- Undue Influence - Elements Vitiating Contract
Remedies for Breach of Contract [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
E-Contract [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- E-Contract: Acceptance & Legality
- Kinds of Electronic Contracts
- 2
- Legal Aspects of E-Contract under It Act, 2000
Breach of Contract, Frustration of Contract, Void and Voidable Agreements [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Standard Form of Contract and Quasi-Contract [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Standard Form of Contract
- Quasi-Contract: Features of Quasi-Contract
- 2
- Provisions for Quasi-Contract under the Indian Contract Act, 1872
Specific Contracts - Bailment, Pledge, Indemnity, Guarantee and Agency [5 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Contract of Indemnity: Essentials, Rights of Indemnified, Rights of Indemnifier
- Contract of Guarantee: Essentials, Kinds, Surety, Discharge of Surety, Rights of a Surety
- 2
- Contract of Bailment: Essentials, Bailor, Rights and Liabilities of a Bailor, Bailee
- Contract of Pledge: Essentials, Rights of a Pawnee, Rights and Duties of a Pawnor
- 3
- Contract of Agency: Principal-Agent Relationship
Sale of Goods Act, 1930 [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Sale of Goods Act, 1930: The Definition Clause of the Sale of Goods Act, 1930, Formalities of the Contract, Subject Matter of a Contract
- Sale of Goods Act, 1930: Conditions and Warranties, Effects of the Contract, Transfer of Title
- 2
- Sale of Goods Act, 1930: Performance of the Contract, Unpaid Seller՚s Rights under the Sale of Goods Act of 1930, Suit for Breach of Contract
Partnership and Limited Liability Partnership [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881: Types of NI, Promissory Note (Section 4 of the NI Act, 1881) , Bill of Exchange (Section 5 of the NI Act, 1881) , Cheque (Section 6 of the NI Act, 1881) , Structure of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881
- Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881: Holder in Due Course, Fact of Dishonour, Presumption as to Service of Notice, Inchoate Instruments, Requirement of Stamp, Liabilities under the Negotiable Instruments Act 1881
- 2
- Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881: The Negotiable Instruments Act՚s 1881 Penal Provisions, an Overview of Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act of 1881 Defines the Conditions for Committing an Infraction, Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act of 1881 Has Been Decriminalized
Company Law - Incorporation of a Company, Prospectus, Shares and Debentures [11 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Company Law: Meaning and Definition of a Company, Characteristics of a Company
- Company Vis-A-Vis Other Forms of Business
- 2
- Doctrine of Lifting of Corporate Veil
- Debentures: Provisions Governing Debentures, Types & DRR
- 3
- Incorporation of a Companies: Application, Preparation
- Incorporation of a Companies: Declaration, Affidavit, Furnishing Verification of Registered Office
- 4
- Prospectus: Meaning, Advertisement & Types
- Types of Prospectus
- 5
- Prospectus: Filing, Issuing, Misstatement, Process for Filing and Issuing a Prospectus
- Prospectus: Filing, Issuing, Misstatement, Misstatement in Prospectus, Liabilities for Misstatements in Prospectus
- 6
- Shares, Nature of Shares & Kinds of Shares
Company Law - Directors and Meetings [12 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Directors: Types of Directors, Who is an Independent Director
- Directors: Election of Independent Directors, Position of Directors
- 2
- Appointment of Directors: General Meeting & First Directors
- Appointment of Directors: Deemed Re-Appointment of a Retiring Director, Director Other Than a Retiring Director (Sec. 160) , Appointment by Board of Directors (Section 161)
- 3
- Appointment of Additional Directors & Disqualification
- Removal & Resignation of Directors
- 4
- Powers of Directors
- Meetings: Classification of Meetings, Shareholder Meetings, Annual General Meeting, Place
- 5
- Meetings: Time Hours, Quorum, Power of NCLT, Penalty for Default in Holding the Annual General Meeting, Business to be Transacted at Annual General Meeting
- Meetings: Other Meetings & Voting Rights
- 6
- Meetings: Other Meetings & Voting Rights: Kinds of Resolution, Resolutions by Postal Ballot, Electronic Mode, Minutes, Quorum, Publication of Reports and Proceedings
- Extra Ordinary General Meeting
Corporate Social Responsibility [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Law of Torts [32 Notes- 3% Effort]
Nature and Definition of Tort [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Nature & Definition of Tort - Charateristics of a Tort
- Nature & Definition of Tort - Interests Protected by the Law of Torts (Rev.)
Foundation of Tortuous Liability [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
General Defences to Action of Torty [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Vicarious Liability [5 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Vicarious Liability under Law of Torts: Basis and Rationale of Vicarious Liability- Master and Servant, Course of Employment, the Doctrine of Common Employment
- Vicarious Liability under Law of Torts: Vicarious Liability of State
- 2
- Vicarious Liability
- The Doctrine of Common Employment, Vicarious Liability of the State and Landmark Judgments on Vicarious Liability of State
- 3
- Vicarious Liability: Relations in Which Vicarious Liability Arises, Vicarious Liability of Master for Torts by Servant, Reasons for Liability of the Master, Various Ways in Which Liability of Master Arises
Remoteness of Damages [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Contributory Negligence [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Absolute and Strict Liability [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Rules of Strict and Absolute Liability
- Absolute and Strict Liability: The Rule of Strict Liability
- 2
- Absolute and Strict Liability: Rule of Absolute Liability
Specific Torts [5 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Specific Torts: Defamation
- Specific Torts: Negligence
- 2
- Specific Tort: Nuisance
- Specific Tort: Trespass
- 3
- Negligence, Nuisance and Defamation
General Principles [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- General Principles
- General Principles: Nuisance, Public Nuisance, Private Nuisance, Trespass to Property, Continuing Trespass, Reputation and Privacy, Strict Liability and Absolute Liability, Position of Minors in Law of Tort
- 2
- General Principles: Damnum Sine Injuria and Injuria Sine Damnum, Vicarious Liability, Volente Non-Fit Injuria, Negligence, Personal Security
Specific Torts - Trespass [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Tortious Liability of the State [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
The Consumer Protection Act 1986 [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- ,Consumer Protection Act 1986: Definitions, Consumer Rights and Redressal Mechanism, Major Definitions, Redressal Mechanism, District Consumer Disputes Redressal Forum, State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission
- Consumer Protection Act 1986: National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission, the Time Limit for Filing a Complaint or Appealing to a Higher Commission, Objectives & Importance of the Act
The Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- The Motor Vehicles Act, 1988: No Fault Liability, Third Party Insurance and Claims Tribunal, the Non- Fault Liability, Insurance Against Third Party Risks, the Doctrine of Pay and Recover
- The Motor Vehicles Act, 1988: No Fault Liability, Third Party Insurance and Claims Tribunal, Claims Tribunals, Claim for Compensation under Motor Vehicle Act, Powers and Procedures of Claims Tribunal, Prosecution of Insurer in Particular Cases, Award of the Claims Tribunal
The Competition Act, 2002 [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Law of Crimes-General Principles [42 Notes- 4% Effort]
Nature and Definition of Offence [5 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Crime: Meaning, Stages and Elements: Stages of Crime and Intention
- Crime and It՚s Psychological Effects on the Victim and Cases of Crimes
- 2
- Nature and Definition of Offence
- Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita
- 3
- Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita
General Exceptions [4 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- General Exceptions (Sections 76 - 106) : Object of General Defences, General Explanation, Mistake of Fact (Sections 76 and 79)
- General Exceptions (Sections 76 - 106) : Judicial Acts (Section 77 and 78) , Accident (Section 80) , Necessity (Section 81)
- 2
- General Exceptions (Sections 76 - 106) : Infancy (Sections 82 and 83) , Insanity (Section 84) , Intoxication (Sections 85 and 86) , Consent and Duress (Sections 87 to 94) , Provided
- General Exceptions (Sections 76 - 106) : Provided, Illustrations, Trivial Acts (Section 95)
Common Intention and Common Object [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Criminal Attempt, Conspiracy and Abetment [11 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Stages of Crime (Criminal Conspiracy) : Definition, Distinction between Certain Principles
- Stages of Crime (Criminal Conspiracy) : Scope of Criminal Conspiracy, Punishment of Criminal Conspiracy
- 2
- Stages of Crime (Criminal Conspiracy) : Judicial Pronouncements on Criminal Conspiracy
- Stages of Crime (Attempt) : General Overview, Provision of Attempt under the Indian Penal Code
- 3
- Stages of Crime (Attempt) : Other Provisions Regarding Attempt, Relationship between Section 511 and Section 307, ‘Actus Reus’ of an Attempt, ‘Mens Rea’ of an Attempt, Difference between Attempt and Preparation
- Stages of Crime (Attempt) : Judicial Pronouncements
- 4
- Stages of Crime (Abetment) : General Introduction-Comments, Illustration, Kinds of Abetment- Abetment by Instigation, Abetment by Conspiracy, Abetment by Aid, Abetment by Illegal Omission
- Stages of Crime (Abetment) : Section 108 - Abettor, Illustrations, Illustrative Cases
- 5
- Stages of Crime (Abetment) : Section 109, Section 110, Section 111, Section 112, Section 113, Section 114
- Stages of Crime (Abetment) : Section 115, Section 116, Section 117, Section 118, Section 119, Section 120
- 6
- Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita
Offences Against Women [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Offences Against Women (Law of Crimes) : Rape (Section 375 & 376) , Outraging the Modesty of Women (Section 354) , Insulting the Modesty of Women (Section 509)
- Offences Against Women (Law of Crimes) : Voyeurism, Stalking, Acid Attack, Sexual Harassment, Cruelty by Husband or His Relatives, Dowry Death
Joint Liability; Abetment and Criminal Conspiracy [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Offences Against Human Body [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Offences Against Human Body: Murder
- Offences Against Human Body: Exceptions to Offence of Murder, Sec. 319: Hurt
- 2
- Offences Against Human Body: Kidnapping and Abduction, Dowry Death
Offences Against Property [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Offences Against Property: Theft, Extortion
- Offences Against Property: Robbery, Dacoity, Criminal Misappropriation of Property, Criminal Breach of Trust, Receiving Stolen Property
- 2
- Offences Against Property: Cheating, Mischief, Criminal Trespass, Section 442 of IPC Deals with House Trespass
Defamation [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
General Principles of Criminal Liability [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Offences Against State and Terrorism [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Drug Trafficking and Counterfeiting [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Offences Against Public Tranquility [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Theories and Kinds of Punishments, Compensation to the Victims of Crime [7 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Labour Law [22 Notes- 2% Effort]
Industry, Industrial Dispute and Workman [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Industrial Dispute Conflict and Cooperation
- Prevention and Settlement of Dispute
- 2
- Industrial Disputes Act, 1947.
Trade Unions [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Methods for Settlement of Industrial Disputes-Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Strike and Lockout as Instruments of Collective Bargaining [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Retrenchment, Lay-Off and Closures [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Consumer Protection [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Partnership Act [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Partnership Act: Duty/Liabilities of the Partners, Rights of the Partners
- Partnership Act: Liability of a Retired Partner: Partnership with a Minor, Registration of a Firm, Dissolution of the Firm, Modes of Dissolution
Sales of Goods Act [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Sales of Goods Act: Definition Clause, Formation of a Contract
- Sales of Goods Act: What Are the Conditions and Warranties, Implied Warranties, Effects of the Contract
- 2
- Sales of Goods Act: Performance of the Contract, Suit for Breach of Contract
Negotiable Instruments Act [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- The Negotiable Instruments Act: Types, Different Types of Cheques
- The Negotiable Instruments Act: Liabilities under the Negotiable Instruments Act 1881, the Penal Provisions of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, an Overview of Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881
Company Law [5 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Doctrines of Ultra Vires and Indoor Management
- Doctrines of Ultra Vires and Indoor Management: Exceptions to the Rule
- 2
- Role of Directors: Types, Position, Directors as Agents
- Role of Directors: Directors as Trustees, Appointment of Directors, Disqualifications, Removal of Directors, Powers of Directors
- 3
- Restrictions on Powers under the Statutory Provision
Human Rights [65 Notes- 5% Effort]
Concept and Development [5 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Access to Justice – History and Evolution: Meaning of Justice- Traditional View, Modern View
- Access to Justice – History and Evolution: Concept of Access to Justice- Traditional View on Access to Justice, Modern View of Access to Justice, Provision for Alternative Dispute Resolution Systems, Mechanisms for the Administration of Justice, Concerns
- 2
- Consumers Access to Justice: Consumer Protection During the British Period- Indian Penal Code 1860, Law of Contract, Law of Torts
- Consumers Access to Justice: Consumer Protection After Independence, Consumer Protection Act 1986, Consumer Dispute Redressal Agencies, the Competitions Act 2002
- 3
- Meaning and Evolution of Concept of Human Rights, Magna Carta, Petition of Rights, Human Rights and the Constitution of India, Kinds of Human Rights
Contribution of United Nations [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Implementation of Human Rights in India [19 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Provision of Social Welfare Services to the Populace
- Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Urban
- 2
- Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana Gramin
- Public Policy
- 3
- National Health Policy
- Ayushman Bharat
- 4
- Aam Aadmi Bima Yojana (AABY)
- Janshree Bima Yojana (JBY)
- 5
- Food Security
- RTE
- 6
- Public Interest Litigation: Public Interest Litigation Defined, Public Interest Litigation Nature and Purpose, Evolution of PIL in India, Difference of Litigation and Competence over Aggrieved Person
- Implementation of Human Rights in India
- 7
- National Water Policy 2012
- NRHM
- 8
- MNREGA
- Welfare Policies: Challenges in Implementation
- 9
- Issues of State Capacity Policy Technology and Political Contestation
- Public Policy for Social Economic Development
- 10
- The Right of Child to Free and Compulsory Education (Amendment) Act 2019
National Human Rights Commission [6 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- National Commission for Scheduled Tribe: About NCST, Powers of NCST, Functions of NCST
- Composition of NHRC, Appointment, Removal and Term of Members, Functions of NHRC
- 2
- National Commission for Schedule Tribes: Functions, Educational & Cultural Safeguards, Economic Safeguards, Political Safeguards, Service Safeguards
- Municipalities, Central Council of Local Government, Article Related to Municipalities at a Glance
- 3
- National Commission for STs, Separate Commission for STs, Functions of the Commission
- Scheduled and Tribal Areas, Administration of Scheduled Areas
Protection of Marginalised Groups [34 Notes- 3% Effort]
- 1
- Protection of Interests of Minorities and Constitutional Safeguards: Summary Notes, Protection and Promotion of Minority Rights: Role Played by Indian Judiciary, Contribution of Judiciary in Changing the Direction of Reservation in India
- Doctrine of Waiver, Doctrine of Classification, Reservation for Women: A Constitutional Perspective, Rotation Alternative
- 2
- Access to Justice and Children: Legislations Protecting Child Rights, Procedural Protection to Children, Grievance Redressal Mechanism, Child in Conflict with Law, Judicial Approach Towards Child Victims/Witnesses
- Access to Justice and Person with Disability: Disability a Matter for Concern, Disability as a Concept, Models of Rehabilitation of Persons with Disability, Disability and Indian Constitution
- 3
- Access to Justice and Person with Disability: The Mental Health Act 1987, the Persons with Disabilities Equal Opportunities Protection of Rights and Full Participation Act 1995, Rehabilitation Council of India Act 1992
- Access to Justice and Person with Disability: Right of Persons with Disabilities Draught Bill 2012, the National Trust for Welfare of Persons with Autism Cerebral Palsy Mental Retardation and Multiple Disabilities Act 1999 (National Trust Act) , Blind and Other Physically Handicapped Persons Rehabilitation Employment and Welfare Bill 2002
- 4
- Access to Justice and Senior Citizen: Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act 1956, Code of Criminal Procedure 1973, Specific Relief Act 1963, High Court Case Flow Management Rule, Government Policies and Schemes for Older Persons
- Access to Justice and Women: International Instruments Relating to Women, Constitutional Status of Women Rights
- 5
- Access to Justice and Women: Women՚s Specific Legislation, Special Protection During Access to Justice, Redressal Mechanism- Regular Criminal Courts, Domestic Violence, Sexual Harassment at Workplace, Maintenance
- Mandal Case, Argument Against the Reservation, Argument in Favour of Reservation
- 6
- Means of Empowerment
- Reservation for Women, a Constitutional Perspective, Rotation Alternative, Constitutional Provisions
- 7
- Caste: Meaning, Views of Scholars
- Caste: Role of Caste in Indian Politics, Propagation of Casteism, Influences and Views
- 8
- Women: Women՚s Movements in Post-Colonial India, Women՚s Movement Since 1970s
- The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012: Need of the POCSO Act, 2012, Scope of the POCSO Act, 2012, Applicability of the POCSO Act, 2012, Importance of the POCSO Act, 2012
- 9
- The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012: Features of the POCSO Act, 2012, New Rules Added to the Act, General Principles of the POCSO Act
- Section 2: Definition Clause
- 10
- Section 2: Definition Clause: Jarnail Singh V. State of Haryana, (AIR 2013 SC 3467)
- Rights of a Child in India
- 11
- Types of Offences Against Children
- Punishments under Juvenile Justice Act
- 12
- Constitutional Provisions for Minorities: Important Case Laws
- Reservations for Minorities & Articles in Constitution
- 13
- UN Bodies for the Development of Women՚s Rights
- Landmark Indian Judgments Around Women՚s Rights
- 14
- Protection of Marginalized Groups: Women
- Global Programs for Women՚s Rights
- 15
- Protection of Marginalized Groups: Refugees
- Dalit Movement: Dalit Movement under Dr. Ambedkar, Post-Independence Phase, Ideology of Delhi Panther- Dalit Sang Harsh Samiti in Karnataka, Dalit Movement in North India
- 16
- Backward Class Movement: Ideological Pattern, OBC Politics, Post Mandal OBC Politics
- People՚s Movements and Struggles: Features of People Movement, Types of People Movement
- 17
- People՚s Movements and Struggles: Issue Based Movement, Approaches to Study of People Movements, Resource Mobilization Theory, Relative Deprivation Theory
- Dalit Movements
Environmental Pollution [73 Notes- 6% Effort]
Meaning and Types [4 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Environment Law: Polluter Pay Principle, Property Rights and Making the Polluter Pay
- Meaning and Types: Meaning of Environmental Pollution
- 2
- Meaning and Types: Types of Environmental Pollution-Air Pollution, Water Pollution
- Meaning and Types: Types of Environmental Pollution- Soil Pollution, Noise Pollution, Light & Thermal Pollution
Legislative Measures for Prevention and Control [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Legislative Measures for Prevention and Control: Environmental Impact Assessment, Key Components of Environmental Impact Assessment, Applicability of Environmental Impact Assessment
- Legislative Measures for Prevention and Control: Waste Management Laws, Water Resource Management Laws
- 2
- Legislative Measures for Prevention and Control: Air Quality Standards and Regulations, Hazardous Substances and Chemical Management, Environmental Compliance and Enforcement, International Agreements and Treaties
International Development to Protect Environmental Pollution [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- International Development to Protect Environmental Pollution: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Chang, Objective, Parties, Principles, Commitments, National Communication, Kyoto Protocol
- International Development to Protect Environmental Pollution: Paris Agreement, COP Meetings, Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer, Basel Convention on the Control of Trans-Boundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes, International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
Remedies for Environmental Protection [10 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Remedies for Environmental Protection: Criminal Remedies, Criminal Remedies under Environmental Protection Act
- Remedies for Environmental Protection: Criminal Remedies Available under the Indian Forest Act, 1927, Criminal Remedies under the Water Pollution Act 1974, Civil Remedies under the Air Pollution Act 1981
- 2
- Remedies for Environmental Protection: Introduction to Civil Remedies, Civil Remedies under Environmental Protection Act
- Remedies for Environmental Protection: Civil Remedies Available under the Indian Forest Act, 1927, Civil Remedies under Environmental Impact Assessment
- 3
- Remedies for Environmental Protection: Civil Remedies under the Water Pollution Act 1974, Civil Remedies under the Air Pollution Act 1981
- Remedies for Environmental Protection: Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) , Principles of International Environmental Law
- 4
- Remedies for Environmental Protection: Compliance and Enforcement, International Institutions and Bodies, United Nations Conferences on Environment and Development
- Remedies for Environmental Protection: Article 32, Article 226, Article 21
- 5
- Remedies for Environmental Protection: The Forty-Second Amendment of the Constitution of India, 1976
- Remedies for Environmental Protection: Article 47, Article 48, Article 51 a (C) , Article 142
Importance of Forest and Wildlife to Protect Environment [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Environmental Impact Assessment [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Control of Hazardous Wastes [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
International Environmental Law and Un Conferences [9 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- International Environmental Law: Features
- International Environmental Law: Sources
- 2
- Stockholm Conference
- The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)
- 3
- The World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD)
- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
- 4
- The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
- The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)
- 5
- The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal
Constitutional and Legal Framework for Protection of Environment in India [7 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Constitution of India and Important Articles
- Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 & Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
- 2
- Environment Protection Act, 1986 and Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
- Forest Act, 1980 and NGT Act, 2010
- 3
- The Biological Diversity Act, 2002
- The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980
- 4
- Regulatory Bodies for Environmental Legislations
National Green Tribunal [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Universalism and Cultural Relativism [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Universalism and Cultural Relativism
- Universalism and Cultural Relativism: Universal Declaration of Human Rights, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the International Bill of Rights and Environmental Pollution
- 2
- International Bill of Rights and Its 3 Components, International Human Rights Instruments
International Bill of Rights [14 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- National Human Rights Commission, Composition of Commission, NHRC and Child Labour, NHRC and SC
- Constitution of a National Human Rights Commission, Appointment of Chairperson and Other Members, Removal of a Member of the Commission
- 2
- Term of Office of Members, Functions and Powers of the Commission of Human Rights
- Powers Relating to Inquiries, State Human Rights Commissions
- 3
- Institutional Arrangement for Civic and Human Rights: National Human Rights Commission- Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Human Rights in India, National Human Rights Commission of India
- Institutional Arrangement for Civic and Human Rights: Functions of NHRC, National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR)
- 4
- National Commission on Protection of Child Rights
- Concept of Human Rights under Indian Constitution
- 5
- National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution: Terms of Reference & Working
- National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitutio: On Fundamental Duties
- 6
- National Human Rights Commission, Establishment of the Commission
- Special Provisions Relating to Certain Classes, Rationale of Special Provisions
- 7
- State Human Rights Commission, Composition of the Commission
- State Information Commission, Composition, Tenure and Service Conditions
National Commission for Minorities [8 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Difference between 15 (4) and 16 (4) , National Commission for Minorities, Functions of the Commission
- National Commissions, National Commission for Backward Classes, How the Backward Classes Are Determined?
- 2
- Composition of Commission and Functions for Commission of Backward Classes
- National Commission for Minorities: Who Are Minorities, Background, Composition of the Commission, Conclusion
- 3
- National Commission for Minorities: History, Constitutional Safeguards, Functions
- Institutional Arrangements for Minorities and Special Categories: Religious and Linguistic Minorities: Legal Rights
- 4
- Municipalities, Evolution of Urban Bodies, Historical Perspective, Committees and Commissions
- Special Officer for Linguistic Minorities, Constitutional Provision, Vision and Mission
National Commission for Women [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- National Commission for Women: Constitution of the Commission, Mandate of the Commission, Functions
- National Commission for Women, Composition, Mandate of Commission
National Commission for Scheduled Castes [6 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Parliamentary Committees, Committee on the Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
- National Commission for Scheduled Caste: About NCSC, Powers of NCSC, Functions of NCSC
- 2
- National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Environmental Pollution
- National Commission for Scheduled Castes: History, Functions of the Commission
- 3
- National Commission for Schedule Caste: Functions, Organizational Setup, Human Development Indices
- National Commission for SCs, Evolution of the Commission, Functions of the Commission
Jurisprudence [22 Notes- 2% Effort]
Schools of Jurisprudence [10 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Schools of Jurisprudence: Analytical School, Historical School
- Schools of Jurisprudence: Realist School, Natural Law School, Philosophical or Ethical School
- 2
- Analytical School: Jeremy Bentham, Jeremy Bentham՚s Views on ‘Law’ and Legal Positivism, Bentham՚s Utilitarianism
- Analytical School: John Austin, Erskine Holland, Sir John Salmond, Hans Kelson
- 3
- Law as Normative Science
- H. L. a. Hart՚s Contribution to Analytical Positivism
- 4
- Historical School
- Sociological School & Proponents: Ihering, Ehrlich, Leon Duguit
- 5
- Sociological School & Proponents: Roscoe Pound, Montesquieu
- Realist School
Law and Morality [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Legal Personality [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Legal Personality: Historical Background, Views of Different Jurists, Classification of Persons
- Legal Personality: Legal Person
Concept of Liability [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Concepts of Property, Possession and Ownership [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Law, Poverty and Development [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Judicial Independence: Historical Background, Need for the Independence of the Judiciary, Judicial Independence: Meaning, Judicial Independence: Components
- Law, Poverty and Development
Global Justice [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Modernism and Post-Modernism [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
IPR & IT Law [19 Notes- 2% Effort]
Concept and Meaning of Intellectual Property [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Theories of Intellectual Property [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Theories of Intellectual Property Rights: Utilitarian Theory, Incentives for Innovation
- Significance of Theories
International Conventions Pertaining to Intellectual Properties [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Copyright and Neighboring Rights [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Copyright, Theories Justifying Originality, Various Tests to Determine Originality, Position in India
- Copyright & Neighboring Rights: Subject Matters, Limitations and Exceptions, Infringement and Remedies
Law of Patent [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Patentability, Procedure for Grant of Patent, Limitations and Exceptions, Infringement and Remedies
- Patentability, Procedure for Grant of Patent, Limitations and Exceptions, Infringement and Remedies: Patent Exceptions and Limitations in India
Law of Trademark [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Registration of Trademarks, Kinds of Trademarks, Infringement and Passing off, Remedies
- Registration of Trademarks, Kinds of Trademarks, Infringement and Passing off, Remedies: Trademark, Types, Designation, Registration, Conditions, Test of Similarity
Protection of Geographical Indications [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Protection of Geographical Indications: The Role of WIPO in the Protection of G. I, Generic, the Advantages of Geographical Indications, Holder՚s Rights
- Protection of Geographical Indications: Who Should be Considered an Authorized User, Considered as the Registered Owner of a Geographical Indication, Geographical Indications Registration Procedure, Remedies for Infringement of Geographical Indications
Bio-Diversity and Traditional Knowledge [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Bio-Diversity and Traditional Knowledge
- Bio-Diversity and Traditional Knowledge: The Regional Level Regulatory Framework, the International Level Regulatory Framework
Information Technology Law- Digital Signature and Electronic Signature [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Information Technology Law- Electronic Governance [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Information Technology Law- Electronic Records and Duties of Subscribers [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Cyber Crimes, Penalties and Adjudication [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Comparative Public Law & System of Governance [70 Notes- 9% Effort]
Comparative Law - Relevance, Methodology, Problems and Concerns in Comparison [15 Notes- 2% Effort]
- 1
- Comparative Law - Relevance, Methodology, Problems and Concerns in Comparison
- Comparative Law - Relevance, Methodology, Problems and Concerns in Comparison: Method, Functional Method, Historical Method, Structural Method, Problems and Concerns in Comparison, Types
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- Constitutionalism – Brief Introduction: Difference between Constitution and Constitutionalism՚s, Elements of Constitutionalism, Idea of Liberal Constitutionalism, Negative Constitutionalism, Western Constitutionalism
- Constitutionalism – Concept: Constitutional Government in Developing Countries, Case of Asia
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- Constitutionalism: Features & Objectives
- Constitutionalism in Advanced Industrial Countries
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- Constitutional Government
- Rule of Law
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- Basic Structure of the Constitution, Element of the Basic Structure
- Salient Features of the Constitution, Introduction, Lengthiest Written Constitution
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- Salient Features of the Constitution, Criticism of the Constitution, a Borrowed Constitution
- Salient Features of the Constitution, Directive Principles of State Policy
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- Salient Features of the Constitution, Three- Tier Government, Co- Operative Societies
- Special Status of Jammu and Kashmir, Features of J &K Constitution
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- Tribunals, Administrative Tribunals, Tribunals for Other Matters
Forms of Governments - Presidential and Parliamentary, Unitary and Federal [21 Notes- 3% Effort]
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- Parliamentary Committees, Meaning, Classification, Standing Committees
- Parliamentary Committees, Financial Committees, Public Accounts Committee
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- Parliamentary Committees, Committees to Scrutinize and Control
- Parliamentary Committees, Departmental Standing Committees
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- Parliamentary System, Features of Parliamentary Government, Features of Presidential Government
- Parliament, Organisation of Parliament, Composition of the Two Houses
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- Parliament, System of Elections to Lok Sabha, Duration of Two Houses
- Parliament, Membership of Parliament, Qualifications, Disqualifications
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- Parliament, Presiding Officers of Parliament, Role, Powers and Functions
- Parliament, Leaders in Parliament, Sessions of Parliament, Summoning
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- Parliament, Devices of Parliamentary Proceedings, Point of Order
- Parliament, Legislative Procedure in Parliament, Public Bill vs. Private Bill
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- Parliament, Joint Sitting of Two Houses, Constitution, Speaker of Lok Sabha
- Parliament, Budget in Parliament, Stages in Enactment, Other Grants
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- Parliament, Multifunctional Role of Parliament, Legislative Powers and Functions
- Parliament, Ineffectiveness of Parliamentary Control, Position of Rajya Sabha
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- Parliament, Parliament Privileges, Meaning, Classification, Collective Privileges
- Parliament, Sovereignty of Parliament, Written Nature of the Constitution
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- Term & Vacancy of Vice-President of India, Term of Office, Vacancy in Office
- Telecommunications Bill 2023: Important Advantages and Its Key Features, Limitations of Telecommunication Bills
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- Telecommunications Bill 2023
Models of Federalism - USA, Canada and India [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
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- Models of Federalism - USA, Canada and India: Federalism in USA, Canada
- Models of Federalism - USA, Canada and India: Division of Powers, Federalism in India
Rule of Law - 'Formal' and 'substantive' Versions [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Separation of Powers - India, UK, USA and France [11 Notes- 1% Effort]
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- Separation of Powers: Historical Background, Position of Doctrine of Separation of Powers in United Kingdom and United States of America, Doctrine of Separation of Powers in India
- Separation of Powers: Executive in India and Doctrine of Separation of Powers, Interference of Legislature in Executive, Judiciary in India and Doctrine of Separation of Powers, Doctrine of Judicial Restraint
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- Separation of Powers - India, UK, USA and France
- Legislature
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- Control over Administration: Executive and Judiciary Control
- Union Parliament
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- State Legislature, Duration of Two Houses, Membership of State Legislature
- State Legislature, Presiding Officers of State Legislature, Sessions of State Legislature
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- State Legislature, Legislative Procedure in State Legislature, Ordinary Bills
- State Legislature, Position of Legislative Council, Equal with Assembly
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- State Legislature, Privileges of State Legislature, Collective Privileges
Independence of Judiciary, Judicial Activism and Accountability [8 Notes- Negligible Effort]
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- USA Supreme Court
- Independence of Judiciary, Judicial Activism and Accountability: India, UK and USA
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- Independence of Judiciary, Judicial Activism and Accountability: India, UK and USA: Accountability, Judicial Activism
- Independence of Judiciary, Judicial Activism and Accountability: India
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- Independence of Judiciary, Judicial Activism and Accountability: India - Court & Judiciary
- Independence of Judiciary, Judicial Activism and Accountability: UK & USA
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- Judicial Independence and Liberal Constitutionalism
- Constitutionalism: Judicial Review, Rule of Law, Separation of Power
Systems of Constitutional Review [4 Notes- Negligible Effort]
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- State under Article 12 of the Indian Constitution: State Action Doctrine in the United States
- State under Article 12 of the Indian Constitution: Public Authority under the Human Rights Act, 1998 in the United Kingdom, in India Meaning of State under Article 12 of the Indian Constitution
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- Systems of Constitutional Review: Introduction & Evolution
- Judicial Review in the USA: India, France, Switzerland
Amendment of the Constitution [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Ombudsman -Sweden, UK and India [4 Notes- Negligible Effort]
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- Nature of Ombudsman
- Powers and Functions of Ombudsman
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- Ombudsman -Sweden, UK and India: India
- Ombudsman -Sweden, UK and India: United Kingdom, Sweden