View 632 Notes detailed notes on NTA-NET (UGC-NET) Politics Including International Relations (90)
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We have 632 Notes in NTA-NET (UGC-NET) Politics Including International Relations (90) course arranged below by topic-subtopic. Topic-wise count & %effort is given in brackets. Green bars show topic progress as you mark the titles complete (Show me how).
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International Politics [98 Notes- 17% Effort]
Theories of International Politics [29 Notes- 4% Effort]
- 1
- Realism: The Major Assumptions of Realist Theory Are, Classical Realism, Structural Realism, Neo-Classical Realism, Offensive Realism, Conclusion
- Idealism or Liberalism in International Politics: Influence of Liberal Scholars, Main Assumptions of Idealism in International Politics, Schools of Liberalism/Idealism, Conclusion
- 2
- World Systems Theory: Concept of World Systems, Basic Assumptions of Wallerstein, the Core, Periphery and Semi-Periphery, Some Other Features, Conclusion
- Decision Making Theory of International Politics: Traditional Approaches to Decision Making, Models of Decision Making, Types of Decisions in International Politics, Conclusion
- 3
- International and Area Studies: Types of Realism- Intellectual Precursors, Morgenthau՚s Principle
- International and Area Studies: International Law-Comparison between the Liberalism and Realism, Liberalism is Based Upon the Moral Grounds, Problems Faced by the Liberals
- 4
- International and Area Studies: Marxist Theory of International Relations, Characteristics of Marxian Approach
- International and Area Studies: Critical Theory of International Relations, Intervention in International Relations
- 5
- Neo-Neo Debate & Its Relevance in Contemporary International Relations
- Idealism: Political Idealism: Theory, Idealism: International Relations, Features of Idealism in International Relations, League of Nations, Failure of the League and Idealism
- 6
- Realism, History, Features of Realism, Types of Realism, National Power and Balance of Power
- Liberal: Glorious Revolution 1688 - The Birth of Modern Day Rights
- 7
- Neo-Liberal: Oil Crisis of 1973
- Liberalism: Schools of Liberalism
- 8
- Systems Theory: Models of International System, Critical Evaluation, Conclusion
- Liberalism: Basic Tenets of Liberalism
- 9
- Liberalism: Exponents of Liberalism, Two Main Stream of Liberal Thought
- Critical International Theory: About, First Strand, the Second Strand
- 10
- Realist Theory of IR
- Liberal Internationalism
- 11
- Critical Theory
- Post Colonialism and IR
- 12
- English School and IR Theory
- 20th Century and Neo Realism
- 13
- Structural Marxism
- Neo Liberalism
- 14
- Systems
- Communication and Decision-Making
- 15
- IR: Contending Theories and Approaches: Neorealism (New 2019)
Role of Power in International Politics [15 Notes- 2% Effort]
- 1
- Balance of Power: Definitions and Statements, Characterstics of Balance of Power, Merits, Challenges Ahead of Balance of Power, Conclusion
- Bi-Polarity: Features of Bi-Polar World, Scholarly Assumptions of Bipolar World, Conclusion
- 2
- Unipolarity and Multipolarity: Meaning, Characterstics, Conclusion
- Power, Introduction to Power, National Power, Dimensions of Power: Military, Dimensions of Power: Economic
- 3
- Interest and Ideology in International Relations: National Interest and Its Dimensions, Military Interests, Economic Interests, Cultural Interests, Ideology in International Relations
- Power: Definitions of Power, Power by Steve Lukes
- 4
- Evolution of Discipline
- Acquisition
- 5
- Perception
- Formulation and Promotion of National Interest
- 6
- Meaning
- Role and Relevance of Ideology in International Relations
- 7
- Centre State Relations, Administrative Relations, Distribution of Executive Powers
- Centre State Relations, Financial Relations, Distribution of Non-Tax Revenues
- 8
- Centre State Relations, Financial Relations, Allocation of Taxing Powers
The Concept of Nation [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
National Interest [5 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- National Interest: Kinds of National Interest, Determinants of National Interest, How Do States Manifests Its National Interest
- Level of Analysis and Structure
- 2
- Interest and Ideology in International Relations
- Centre State Relations, Legislative Relations, Territorial Extent of Central and State Legislation
- 3
- Centre State Relations, Trends in Centre- State Relations, Punchhi Commission
National Security [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Collective Security [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Role of the United Nations [15 Notes- 2% Effort]
- 1
- Role of the United Nations: The Organization, Major Functions of United Nations Are, Failure of United Nations, Reforms Required
- United Nations
- 2
- Peace and Development Perspective
- Objectives of United Nations: About the Organization, Objectives of United Nations
- 3
- Objectives of United Nations: United Nations Contributions to the World
- Objectives of United Nations: Actual Record of United Nations, Do We Need United Nations? , Conclusion
- 4
- Financing and Peace-Keeping Operations: Financing of the UN, United Nations Peace-Keeping, What is Peacekeeping
- Financing and Peace-Keeping Operations: Departments of United Nations Peacekeeping, Critical Evaluation, Conclusion
- 5
- United Nation: Preamble, Philosophy and Principles of United Nation, Envision Role of U. N and the Assessment of the Role of U. N, India Role as Member of U. N. S. C – Permanent Member – Argument in Support
- UN
- 6
- ICC
- Global Organization: UN
- 7
- Global Organization: Specialized Agencies of UN: Funds and Programmes, UN Specialized Agencies, UN Contribution to World
- Global Organization: Specialized Agencies of UN: Economic Development, Social Development, Human Rights, Environment
- 8
- Global Organization: Specialized Agencies of UN: International Law, Humanitarian Affairs, Health, UN & India
Post Cold War [4 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Post-Cold War: Four Dimensions Defining the Post-Cold War World
- Cold War: Important Events, Marshall Plan
- 2
- Cold War: Historical Background, Causes, NATO, Warsaw Pact
- End of Cold-War
Post Emerging World Order [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Post Emerging World Order: The Beginning of a New Era
- World Order: Kautilya՚s Mandala Theory, Types of World Order, Old vs New World Order
Politics of Liberalisation [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Globalisation and World Trade Organization [5 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Globalization and World Trade Organization: Features and Role of WTO in Globalization
- WTO: World Trade Organization, Functions of WTO, Why WTO Replaced GATT, Principles of WTO
- 2
- WTO: What Are the Advantages of WTO? , WTO Agreements, WTO՚s Appellate Body, India՚s Role, Importance of WTO for India, Conclusion
- Global Civil Society
- 3
- Globalization: Meaning, Features, Causes Behind Globalization, Merits, Demerits of Globalization
Nuclear Weapons [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Nuclear Weapons: List of Nuclear Weapons Treaties
- Arms Race: History, Nuclear Arms Race
- 2
- Impact of Modernization on Ethnicity
Deterrence and World Peace [5 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Deterrence and World Peace: Concepts of Deterrence, Main Assumptions of Nuclear Deterrence, Realists V/S Liberal Deterrence
- Deterrence: Deterrence, Brinksmanship, Nuclear Strategies
- 2
- Abolition of Titles, Right to Freedom, Protection of Six Rights, Protection in Respect of Conviction for Offences
- Abolition of Titles, Right to Freedom, Protection of Six Rights, Protection of Life and Personal Liberty
- 3
- Prevention and Abolition of War
Non State Actors [8 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Non-State Actors: What Are Non-State Actors, Multinational Corporations (MNCs)
- Non-State Actors: National Liberation Movement (NLMs) , Religious and Humanitarian Organizations, Terrorist Groups and Narco Terrorist, Role of Non-State Actors in International Politics
- 2
- Non- State Actors
- Global Justice
- 3
- State
- State System and Non-State Actors
- 4
- Concepts: State
- Concepts: State Systems and Non-State Actors
Regional and Global Organizations [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Decolonization [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Security [22 Notes- 3% Effort]
Components and Models of National and International Security [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Challenges and Threats to India's Security Since Independence [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
External and Internal Dimensions [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Defence Mechanism of Nation-States [4 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Defence Mechanism of USA: Intelligence Agencies, Deface Institutional Setup
- Deface Mechanism of China: People՚s Liberation Army, Ministry of National & State SecurityDefence
- 2
- Defence Mechanism of Nation-State- India (Part 1)
- Defence Mechanism of Nation-State- India (Part 2)
India's Security Policies and Nuclear Doctrine [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Problems of Armament and Disarmament [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Political Problems of Armament and Disarmament
- Scientific Dimensions of Armament and Disarmament
- 2
- Economic Problem of Armaments and Disarmament
Concept and Theories of Conflict [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Conflict Resolution Including Confidence Building Measures ( CBMs ) [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Evolution of Strategic Thoughts [4 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Kautilya, Six Fold Policy: Six Fold Policy
- Clausewitz, Defining War
- 2
- Alfred T. Mahan
- Mackinder and Douhet: Douhet Thought on Security
New Modes of Warfare [5 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Cyber Warfare, Features of Cyber Warfare, Threats and Challenges/Spectrum of Warfare
- Cyber Security and Terrorism: Types of Vulnerabilities
- 2
- Cyber Security and Terrorism: Exploitative Vulnerability, Backdoor, Denial-Of-Service Attack, Direct-Access Attacks, Eavesdropping
- Low Intensity Conflict, Insurgency and Guerrilla Warfare
- 3
- New Modes of Warfare- Electronic: Historic Development, Counter Measures and Techniques
West Asia [44 Notes- 5% Effort]
Introduction [9 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Historical Empires of Empires in the West, the Arab Empire, the Ottoman Empire, the Persian Empire
- Geopolitical Setup: These Political Units Include
- 2
- Interactions with the West
- National Awakening
- 3
- Disintegration of Ottoman Empire
- Palestine Problem
- 4
- Challenges to Democracy: Revolts, Repression and Instability, Causes, the Ideal Way in Middle East
- Separatist Movements: Syria and Lebanon, Suez Crisis of 1956, Formation of Israel, 6 Days War (1967)
- 5
- Inter War Developments
Ideologies [7 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Etatism
- Pan Arabism
- 2
- Nasserism
- Pan-Islamism
- 3
- Pan-Turanism: Encounter with British, the War of Independence (1919 - 1923) and the Rise of Turkey
- Zionism: Antisemitism as a Factor in Shaping Zionism, Rise of Political Zionism Political Zionism
- 4
- Secularism
West Asia and the World [9 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Major Power Interests in West Asia: West Asia and the World- US՚s Interests in West Asia, Russian Interests in West Asia, Chinese Interests in West Asia, Conclusion
- Cold War: West Asia and the World, the Cold War
- 2
- Oil Diplomacy
- West Asia and India: Energy and Economic Security, India՚s Concerns, Challenges
- 3
- Intra-Arab Relations: Trade Relations/Rivalries
- USA: Involvement of USA in Middle East
- 4
- Russia in West Asia: Russian Interests in the Middle East- Importance of Middle East, Evolution and Approach, Iran, Qatar, Afghanistan
- China in West Asia: China՚s West Asian Thrust- Chinese Approach
- 5
- India in West Asia: India՚s Approach in the West Asia- Energy and Economic Security, Regional Instability, Oil Diplomacy, India՚s Concerns
General Themes [19 Notes- 2% Effort]
- 1
- Regional Organizations
- Resurgence of West Asia: Demand for Change, Arab Spring 2011, Recent Developments
- 2
- Resurgence of West Asia: Important Features of Resurgence in West Asia
- Land and People: Environment Related Issues, Population
- 3
- Land and People: Source of Occupation, Priorities of Action in West Asia, Tribes in West Asia
- Geography- Geopolitical Significance, Economic Routes
- 4
- Geography: Relief Features
- Geography: OIL, Water Resources
- 5
- Political and Social: Historical Evolution, Consolidation of Power
- Political and Social: Some Important Events and Organizations
- 6
- Economic Trends: Facts and Challenges, Implications of Global Developments on Middle East, Trends in Oil Based Economy:
- Patterns and Trends: Global Jihad by Al-Qaeda
- 7
- Patterns and Trends: Changing Energy Scenario, Dynamics of Israel-Us Relations
- Impact of Colonial Rule: Policies of Colonial Power- Major Impacts
- 8
- Independence Movements: Ottoman Empire Falls, Modernization of Turkey, the Beginnings of Modern Iran
- Independence Movements: The Birth of Modern Zionism – 1897
- 9
- Post Cold War Scenario-Continuity and Change
- Islamic Resurgence
- 10
- State System in West Asia
Nationalism and Regionalism [17 Notes- 2% Effort]
Basic Features of the Region [6 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Land and People (Basic Nationalism)
- Geo Setting (Nationalism)
- 2
- Political, Social and Economic Setting
- European Nationalism: England
- 3
- European Nationalism: France
- European Nationalism: Germany
Colonialism and Nationalism [5 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Pattern of Colonialism and Nationalism
- Major Features and Impact of Western Colonialism
- 2
- Maintenance of Independence by Thailand Throughout Its History
- Independence Movements: Circumstances Leading Towards American War of Independence, Indian Independence Movements
- 3
- Independence Movements: Irish War of Independence, Bangladesh Liberation War
Developments in Post-Independent Period [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Role of Military [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Challenges to Democracy: Major Challenges
- Secessionist Movements: Characteristics of Secessionist Movements, Role of Military in Secessionist Movements, Some of the Secessionist Movements
Role of External Powers [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Africa [58 Notes- 10% Effort]
Geo - Cultural Aspects [6 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Land: Land and Geographic Features - Soils, Land Cover and Land Use, Land Conversion
- People of Africa: People, Africa՚s “shrinking” Land Base, Changing Population
- 2
- Ecology: Ecological Features - Features of Drainage, Lakes, the Plants and Animals, Vegetation, Desert
- Environment: Air and Atmosphere, Deforestation, Coastal and Marine Environments, Climate Zones
- 3
- Languages: Types of Languages, Current Status of African Languages
- Culture and Values: Social Values, Moral Values, Religious Values, Political Values, Economic Values
Historical Aspects [7 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Ancient Empires: Empire of Mali, Empire of Ghana, Empire of Shongai, Other Peoples of West Africa, Southern Africa and Great Zimbabwe
- Indigenous Political System: African Political System, Political Organization and Administration in Pre-Colonial Africa
- 2
- Indigenous Political System: Classification of Indigenous State Structures and Authority Forms, Basic Features of the Indigenous Political Systems
- Atlantic Slave Trade: Its Impact and Implications
- 3
- Industrial Revolution
- Industrial Developments in Countries of Africa
- 4
- Elimination of Slave Trade
Colonialism in Africa [6 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- European Partition of Africa
- Asian (Indian) Migration into Africa
- 2
- Legacy of Colonialism: History, Cause, Impact
- Growth of Nationalism
- 3
- Liberation Movements in Africa
- Patterns of Colonial Rule in Africa
Political Aspects [6 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Rise and Fall of Apartheid in South Africa: Two Boer Wars, Apartheid Policies
- Growth of Political Parties and Party System: African Party System
- 2
- Concept of Pan-Africanism and African Socialism
- Political Independence and Constitutional Changes in Africa
- 3
- The Role of Military
- Democratization Process in Africa
Economic Aspects [10 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Problem of Poverty in Africa
- Africa՚s Debt Crisis
- 2
- Globalization and Its Impact on Africa
- ECOWAS, SADC, COMESA, EAC and AEC: ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States) , SADC (Southern African Development Community)
- 3
- ECOWAS, SADC, COMESA, EAC and AEC: COMESA (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa) , EAC (East African Community) , AEC (African Economic Community)
- Underdevelopment and Dependency Pattern in Africa
- 4
- Nature of African Economy
- Neo-Colonialism Penetration and Problems of Economic Independence
- 5
- Development Strategies in Post Independence Period
- Structural Adjustment Programme in Africa- An Evaluation
Social Aspects [8 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Role of Education in Africa
- Problem of AIDS in Africa
- 2
- Ethnic Conflicts in Africa
- Problem of Nation Building in Africa
- 3
- State of Human Rights in Africa
- Role of Civil Society and Women in Africa
- 4
- Role of Civil Society and Women: The Role of Women in Africa
- Social Change and Structural Change in Africa
Africa and the World [15 Notes- 2% Effort]
- 1
- Africa and the Cold War
- Post Cold War Scenario in Africa
- 2
- Africa and the UN
- Inter Regional Cooperation
- 3
- Role of the Organization of African Unity
- The Role and Relevance of the African Union (AU)
- 4
- India-Africa Relations
- Africa and the Emerging International System
- 5
- Africa and European Dominance
- Africa and the New World Order
- 6
- Africa and the Arab World
- Non-Alignment: The Evolution of NAM, Factors Responsible for Non-Alignment, Basic Principles of the NAM
- 7
- Non-Alignment: Purpose of NAM, Importance of Non-Alignment Movement as a Legacy for India, Conclusion
- Non-Alignment
- 8
- Global Organization: NAM
Soviet Region [22 Notes- 3% Effort]
Soviet Period from Lenin to Stalin [7 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Civil War in Russia and Its Impacts on Polity and Economy: Background, Russia under Lenin
- Civil War in Russia and Its Impacts on Polity and Economy: The Russian Civil War, Causes of the Civil War, Courses of the Civil War, Impact of Civil War
- 2
- War Communism and New Economic Policy
- Nationality Policy After the Revolution and the Formation of the USSR
- 3
- Industrialization Debate and Economic Development under the Five-Year Plans
- Soviet Foreign Policy
- 4
- Constitutional Theories and Soviet Federalism
Soviet Union under Khrushchev and Brezhnev [5 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Twentieth Congress of the CPSU and Destalinization
- Brezhnev and Kosygin Leadership in World Affairs
- 2
- Constitution of 1977: 1924 Soviet Constitution, 1936 Soviet Constitution, 1977 Soviet Constitution, the Political System, the Economic System, Social Development and Culture, Foreign Policy
- Constitution of 1977: Defence of the Socialist Motherland, Citizenship of the USSR, Equality of Citizen՚s Rights, the Basic Rights, Freedoms, and Duties of Citizens, the USSR- A Federal State, the Union Soviet Socialist Republic, the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, the Autonomous Region and Autonomous Area, the System of Soviets of People՚s Deputies and the Principles
- 3
- New Approaches to Third World and the Non-Alignment Movement
Mikhail Gorbachev Period [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Gorbachev՚s New Political Thinking-Political and Economic Reforms
- Foreign Policy under Gorbachev and End of the Cold War
- 2
- Breakup of the USSR
Post-Soviet Russia and CIS [7 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Indo – Russia Relations
- Russia under Boris Yeltsin
- 2
- Political and Economic Dimension
- New Orientation in Russia՚s Foreign Policy: Background, Russia Foreign Policy under Putin
- 3
- New Orientation in Russia՚s Foreign Policy: Russia as a Regional Power, Relations with South and East Asia, the New Foreign Policy Concept
- Russia and the CIS
- 4
- Development in Central Asia and Transcaucasia
South Asia [45 Notes- 7% Effort]
Land and People [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Geo-Political Setting of South Asia
- Multi Culture Social Structures and Diversity of Races
- 2
- Natural and Human Resources in South Asia
Colonialism and Nationalism [11 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Patterns of Colonialism
- Major Features of Colonialism
- 2
- Nature of Colonial Impact on South Asian Societies
- Nationalism and Nationalist Movements: India - First Phase & New Phase
- 3
- Nationalism and Nationalist Movements: India - Civil Disobedience & Government of India Act
- Nationalism and Nationalist Movements: Pakistan
- 4
- Nationalism and Nationalist Movements: Bangladesh
- Nationalism and Nationalist Movements: Sri Lanka
- 5
- Nationalism and Nationalist Movements: Nepal
- Nationalism and Nationalist Movements: Bhutan
- 6
- Genesis of Pakistan and Bangladesh
Society and Culture of South Asia [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Political Systems of South Asian States [12 Notes- 2% Effort]
- 1
- Post Independence Era- Constitutional Developments: India
- Post Independence Era- Constitutional Developments: Nepal, Bangaldesh
- 2
- Post Independence Era- Constitutional Developments: Sri Lanka and Bhutan
- Problem of Nation Building and Issues of National Integration
- 3
- Communalism in Parts of the Asia
- Regionalism in Parts of the Asia
- 4
- Ethnic Cleavages
- Linguism in South Asia
- 5
- Political Systems of South Asian States: India, Pakistan & Nepal
- Political Systems of South Asian States: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Sri Lanka and Maldives
- 6
- Elections, Political Parties and Pressure Group: India, Pakistan and Bangladesh
- Elections, Political Parties and Pressure Group: Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka and Maldives
Economic Profile and Development Strategies [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Traditional Economies- Nature and Bases
- Pattern of Economic Development and Growth Strategies
- 2
- Problem of Economic Development
Foreign Policies of South Asian States [10 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- India Foreign Policy- Determinants and Objectives
- Pakistan Foreign Policy: Determinants and Objectives
- 2
- Nepal Foreign Policy- Determinants and Objectives
- Bangladesh Foreign Policy- Determinants and Objectives
- 3
- Bhutan Foreign Policy- Determinants and Objectives
- Role of External Powers
- 4
- Intra-Regional Cooperation and Conflict
- India՚s Relations with Its Neighbours: Afghanistan & Pakistan
- 5
- India՚s Relations with Its Neighbours: Bhutan and Nepal
- India՚s Relations with Its Neighbours: Bangladesh, Sri Lanka & Maldives
Regional Cooperation in South Asia [4 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation)
- Historical Antecedents
- 2
- Political and Economic Imperative
- Challenges and Prospects of Regional Cooperation in South Asia
Ancient Empires [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
USA [19 Notes- 2% Effort]
Making of the Constitution [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Making of the Constitution: Development, Declaration of Independence and Establishment of Confederation
- Making of the Constitution: The Philadelphia Convention and Salient Features of Constitution of USA
Development of the Republic and Making of the Nation [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Constitutional Amendments- Structural Changes: Procedure of Amendments in USA Constitution
- Constitutional Amendments- Structural Changes: List of Amendments (1 to 11)
- 2
- Constitutional Amendments- Structural Changes: List of Amendments (12 - 27)
Presidency, Congress and Judiciary in Recent Times [10 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Presidency, Congress and the Judiciary in Recent Times: President, Election Procedure and Steps of Presidential Election in USA
- Presidency, Congress and the Judiciary in Recent Times: Qualifications, Tenure and RE-Eligibility and Removal of President
- 2
- Presidency, Congress and the Judiciary in Recent Times: Powers of the President
- Presidency, Congress and the Judiciary in Recent Times: Chronological Order of the President of USA
- 3
- Presidency, Congress and the Judiciary in Recent Times: Vice President and 2024 Presidential Election Nominees
- Presidency, Congress and the Judiciary in Recent Times: The Congress and the House of Representatives
- 4
- Presidency, Congress and the Judiciary in Recent Times: The Speaker, Power of Speaker and the Senate
- Presidency, Congress and the Judiciary in Recent Times: Special Powers of Senate and Powers of the Congress
- 5
- Presidency, Congress and the Judiciary in Recent Times: The Federal Judiciary and Supreme Court
- Presidency, Congress and the Judiciary in Recent Times: Role of the Supreme Court
US Role in UN and Other International Organizations [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- US Role in UN and Other International Organizations: US Role in United Nations
- US Role in UN and Other International Organizations: World Bank and International Monetary Fund
- 2
- US Role in UN and Other International Organizations: World Trade Organisation and World Health Organisation
Problems of Minorities [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Latin America [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Political Structures of Latin American Countries [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Non-Traditional Security of Latin America [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Decolonization [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Military History [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Chinese Modern History [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
China and East Asia [6 Notes- 1% Effort]
Economic Policies [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Regionalism and Nationalism [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
History [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Nature of Colonial Impact on South East Asian Societies [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Modern History [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
International and Area Studies(NEW) [23 Notes- 2% Effort]
Major Concepts, Scope and Nature [14 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- International and Area Studies: International Politics, Origin of International Politics, PHASEII-Interwar Period (1919 - 1939) , End of World War II to End of Cold War
- Post- Cold War International Relations: Challenges Faced by USA, Policies Adopted by USA
- 2
- Impact of Globalization: Types of Economies, the Impact of Economy on the Developed Nations
- Changing Patterns of World Order (Unipolarity) : Impact of the Disintegration of USSR on Other Countries
- 3
- Changing Patterns of World Order (Bipolarity) : Ideological, Economic and Social Model
- Changing Patterns of World Order (Bipolarity) : The Cold War
- 4
- Changing Patterns of World Order (Multipolarity) : Shift in the World Income Distribution, Global Problems
- Changing Patterns of World Order (Polycentrism) : Evolution of Russia, Trilateral Commission
- 5
- Changing Patterns of World Order (Polycentrism) : Trilateral Commission
- Role of Major Powers (US) : America՚s Main Power
- 6
- Role of Major Powers (US) : Effect on American՚s Diplomacy
- Role of Major Powers (US) : Russian Foreign Policy, Russia as a Superpower
- 7
- Role of Major Powers (China) : Deng Xiaoping Rule
- Role of Major Powers (China) : The Communist Party as a Great Power, Decline of American՚s Image, Japan՚s Dependence on USA
Approaches [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Power Politics [7 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- International and Area Studies: Balance of Power-Nature of Balance of Power
- International and Area Studies: The Historical Evolution of Geopolitics- Analysis Geopolitics in the Post-War Era
- 2
- International and Area Studies: Bipolarity, Historical Background-Reason Behind the Existence of Bi Polar World
- International and Area Studies: Unipolarity, USA as a Dominating Actor in the Unipolar World
- 3
- International and Area Studies: Multipolarity-Membership of Security Council
- Polycentris: Four Approaches of Polycentris
- 4
- Globalism and Globalization: Emergence of Globalization Along with Globalism, Globalization as a Process, Characteristics of Globalization, the Merits and Demerits of Globalization
State and Non-State Actors [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Evolution of IR and Area Studies(NEW) [13 Notes- 2% Effort]
Emergence of Nation States [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Emergence of Nationalism [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Pre-World War I International System [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Inter-War Period [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Post-World War II Period (Cold War) [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Decolonisation [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Global South [4 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- International and Area Studies: Global South
- Global Order: Current Liberal Order, Situation in Contemporary World, Global Liberal Order, the One Belt One Road Initiative
- 2
- South-South Cooperation
- South-South Cooperation: Importance, Evolution, with Respect to India, Present Context, Key Points
International Politics [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Post-Cold War International Relations [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Impact of Globalisation [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Contemporary World Order(NEW) [24 Notes- 3% Effort]
Changing Patterns of World Order [8 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Bi-Polarity: Features of Bi-Polar World, Scholarly Assumptions of Bipolar World, Conclusion
- Unipolarity and Multipolarity: Meaning, Characterstics, Conclusion
- 2
- Changing Patterns of World Order (Unipolarity) : Impact of the Disintegration of USSR on Other Countries
- Changing Patterns of World Order (Bipolarity) : Ideological, Economic and Social Model
- 3
- Changing Patterns of World Order (Bipolarity) : The Cold War
- Changing Patterns of World Order (Multipolarity) : Shift in the World Income Distribution, Global Problems
- 4
- Changing Patterns of World Order (Polycentrism) : Evolution of Russia, Trilateral Commission
- Changing Patterns of World Order (Polycentrism) : Trilateral Commission
Role of Major Powers [11 Notes- 2% Effort]
- 1
- Role of Major Power: US
- Role of the Major Power: Russia
- 2
- Role of Major Power: China
- Role of Major Power: Japan
- 3
- The Role of Major Power: India: Economic Diplomacy, Disaster and Humanitarian Diplomacy
- The Role of Major Power: India: Managing the Great Powers with Pragmatism, India and Its Neighborhood
- 4
- The Role of Major Power: India: Look East to Act East Policy, India՚s Soft Power, Leader of Global South
- Rise of Major Power: EU
- 5
- India-France
- India-Germany
- 6
- India – Britain
Globalism and Globalisation [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Democratisation [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Science & Technology [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Global Order [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Conflict, Security and Peace: National and International(NEW) [77 Notes- 9% Effort]
Concepts of National and International Security [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Components of National and International Security [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Models of National and International Security [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Conflict, Security and Peace: Conflicts, Peace as the Priority
- Conflict, Security and Peace: Traditional View of Security
Evolution of Strategic Thoughts [25 Notes- 2% Effort]
- 1
- Kautilya: Components of Six-Fold Policy, Principle of Maximization
- Sun Tzu: The Art of War, Strategic Thinking by Sun Tzu, Master the Strategic Thinking Art, Successes of Sun Tzu
- 2
- Sun Tzu: War, Geography, Use of Spies, Truth, Outside Influence
- Machiavelli: Contribution in the Field of War, Concept of Citizen Soldier, Discussion of Caesar՚s Legacy
- 3
- Machiavelli: Presence of Religion in Politics, Principles of Machiavelli
- Antonio Jomini: Famous Writer, Participation in Numerous Campaigns
- 4
- Antonio Jomini: Principles of War, Fundamental Principles of War
- Carl Von Clausewitz: Work on the Military Strategy, Appointment as an Adjutant
- 5
- Carl Von Clausewitz: Appointment as a Major, Appointment as a Chief of Staff
- Title-H. Mackinder: As a Barrister, New Geography by Mackinder
- 6
- H. Mackinder Paper by Mackinder, Various Honours Received by Mackinder
- A. T. Mahan: Publishing by Mahan, Numerous Works by Mahan
- 7
- A. T. Mahan: Posts Held by Mahan
- G. Douhet: Appointment as a Commander, Defeat of Italy
- 8
- G. Douhet: Principle of Pre-Emption of War, New Concepts Regarding the Air Power
- William Mitchell: Participation in the Various Wars, Awards, American Military Aircraft
- 9
- Alexander De Seversky: Early Life, Education, Awards, Theories of Air Warfare
- H. Kissinger: Ranks of Kissinger, Initial Life, Recipient of Nobel Prize, Controversial Issues, Formation of Kissinger Associates
- 10
- Machiavelli
- Arthashastra
- 11
- Political Theory - Approaches
- Formation of New States and Alteration of Boundaries: The Territory of India Shall Comprise (Article 1)
- 12
- Basic Objectives: Socialism, Democratic, Republic, Justice
- Political Theory in Arthashastra
- 13
- European Thought – Machiavelli
Evolution of Strategic Doctrines [7 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Massive Retaliation: Nature of Massive Retaliation, Adoption of Massive Retaliation Policy, Soviet Union՚s MAD
- Deterrence: Strategy of Deterrence, Cold War, Bernard Brodie, Opinion of Frank C. Zagare
- 2
- Flexible Response: John F. Kennedy, New Look Policy, Choices, Stages, Two and a Half War Doctrine
- Mutually Assured Destruction: Involvement of Two Policies, Deterrence, Cold War
- 3
- Strategic Defense Initiative: Aim of Strategic Defense Initiative, Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO)
- NMD: Objective of NMD, Axis of Evil, Anti- Ballistic Treaty
- 4
- Weapon of Mass Destruction
Evolution of India's Security Policies [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Evolution of India's Nuclear and Maritime Doctrines [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
New Modes of Warfare [13 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Conventional Modes of Warfare: Concept of State, Treaty of Westphalia, on War
- Low Intensity Conflicts: United States, Low Intensity Conflicts as a Combination, Various Aspects, Weapons, Examples of Low Intensity Conflicts
- 2
- Information and Communication Warfare: Manipulation of Information, Psychological Warfare, Technologies
- Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Warfare: Modern Warfare, Techniques, Nuclear Warfare, Chemical Warfare, Biological Warfare
- 3
- Revolution in Military Affairs: Two Reasons, Origin, Marshal Nikolai Ogarkov, the Second Wave
- Nature: Salient Features of Wars, Von Clausewitz՚s Theory on War, Kenneth Waltz՚s Theories on War, Philosophy of Just War
- 4
- Causes of War, Structural, Nature of the State, Individual Level
- Types of War, Total War, Limited War, Revolutionary War
- 5
- Ethnic Conflicts: Causes for the Rise of Ethno-Nationalism, Steps Taken to Curb Ethno-Nationalistic Sentiments, Case Study: Tamil Insurgency in Sri Lanka
- Conventional War: Evolution of Conventional Warfare, Conventional War in a Nuclear Age, Indian Military՚s Conventional Warfare Doctrine
- 6
- Nuclear Warfare: Motivation for Acquiring Nuclear Weaponry, Nuclear Triad, Nuclear Strategy
- Biological and Chemical Warfare, History, Chemical Weapons: Tactics, Biological Weapons, International Conventions Against Bio-Chemical Warfare
- 7
- Disarmament, Introduction, Antarctic Treaty, Partial Test Ban Treaty, Outer Space Treaty, Tlatelelco Treaty, Non Proliferation Treaty
Non-Traditional Security Threats [19 Notes- 3% Effort]
- 1
- Cyber Warfare, Features of Cyber Warfare, Threats and Challenges/Spectrum of Warfare
- Food and Health Security: Impact on Population, Healthy Habits, Vital for Human Existence
- 2
- Energy Security: Importance of Energy Security, Challenges Regarding the Energy Security of India
- Environmental Security: Environmental Security, Focus, Three Elements, AThree Fields
- 3
- Gender Security: Principles, Report by Kofi Annan
- Human Security: Different Fields, Spheres
- 4
- Cyber Security and Terrorism: Types of Vulnerabilities
- Cyber Security and Terrorism: Exploitative Vulnerability, Backdoor, Denial-Of-Service Attack, Direct-Access Attacks, Eavesdropping
- 5
- Environmental Challenges of India: Environmental Concerns, India՚s Efforts in Dealing with Environmental Challenges
- Gender
- 6
- Terrorism
- CC and Environmental
- 7
- Human Rights: Global Scenario and International Treaties
- Contemporary Challenges: International Terrorism
- 8
- Contemporary Challenges: Climate Change and Environmental Concerns
- India and Environmental Rights Concern
- 9
- India and Human Rights Concern
- Contemporary Challenge: Cyber Security
- 10
- Theories of Human Rights
Conflict Resolution and Peace [4 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Conflict Resolution and Peace: Conflict Resolution, Types of Conflicts
- Conflict Resolution and Peace: The Conflict Resolution Process, Peace
- 2
- Peaceful Settlement of Disputes: Modes of Settlement: Negotiations, Lending Good Offices, Mediation, Conciliation, Arbitration, Judicial Settlement
- Conflict Resolution: Causes for International Conflict, Modes: Diplomacy, Modes: Judicial, Non Violent Coercive Measures, Citizen Diplomacy
Arms Control and Disarmament [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
International Organisations and Global Governance(NEW) [50 Notes- 8% Effort]
Role of International Organisations in International Peace and Security [5 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Role of International Organizations in International Peace and Security: United Nations, UNIFI
- Role of International Organizations in International Peace and Security: Security Council, General Assembly, Means of Maintaining Peace and Security, Preventive Diplomacy and Mediation, Peacekeeping
- 2
- G-20
- G-20: Objectives, Summits, History & Working
- 3
- Global Organization: G20
Role of International Organisations in Development Cooperation [5 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Contemporary World Order: United States as a Superpower, Challenges, Reasons Behind the American Supremacy, America՚s Own Statecraft, Opportunities for US and China
- Role of International Organizations in Development Cooperation: International Organizations, United Nations, the Financial and Administrative Framework Agreement (FAFA)
- 2
- Role of International Organizations in Development Cooperation: World Bank, Role, International Monetary Fund, Regional Development Banks
- International Relations: BRICS
- 3
- Global Organization: BRICS
Role of International Organisations in Democratisation [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Democratization: Development of Democracy, Criteria of Democracy, Process of Democratization, No War between Democratic Countries, Reasons Responsible for Democratization
- Role of International Organizations in Democratisation: The Interconnected Democratic Countries
- 2
- Role of International Organizations in Democratisation: National and Global Deficits, Democratisation of International Organizations
United Nations [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Role, Relevance and Reforms: United Nations, World War-II
- Role, Relevance and Reforms: League of Nations, Signatories of United Nations, Organs of United Nations
Global Governance [4 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Global Governance: Institutions of Global Governance, Unipolar World
- Global Governance
- 2
- Bretton Woods
- Global Governance and Bretton Wood System
Regional and Sub-Regional Organisations [12 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Regional and Sub-Regional Organizations: Regional Organizations, Sub-Regional Organizations, Organizations at the Sub-Regional Level
- Organization of American States (OAS) : Origin of OAS, Development of OAS, Structure of OAS
- 2
- Organization of American States (OAS) : Specialized Organizations, Sources of Funding, Advantages of Membership, International Impact, Disadvantages of Membership, Conclusion
- OPEC: OPEC Members, Objective, Functions & Governing Bodies of the OPEC, OPEC: Global Scenario, OPEC Challenges, Why OPEC + is More Influenced Than OPEC, Conclusion
- 3
- SCO: Origin and Structure, Member and Observer States, Institutional Set-Up of SCO, IMPORTANCE of SCO, Challenges, India at SCO 2019, Way Forward
- European Union: Origin, Three Pillars, Institutions of the European Union
- 4
- Regional Organization: EU/AU/SCO
- Regional Organizations: African Union
- 5
- Regional Organization: EU
- Regional Organization: African Union
- 6
- Global Organization: GCC
- Regional Cooperation: SCO
Impact of Globalisation [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
International Law as an Instrument of Global Governance [18 Notes- 4% Effort]
- 1
- International Law as an Instrument of Global Governance: The Copenhagen Accord
- International Law as an Instrument of Global Governance: World Legal Traditions and Tribal Societies, Characteristics of International Law Global Governance- Diversity in Law-Making Processes, Prominent Role of Non-State Actors
- 2
- Affirmative Action: US Civil Rights Movement
- Abolition of Titles Criticism of Fundamental Rights, Significance of Fundamental Rights
- 3
- Abolition of Titles Cultural and Educational Rights, Exceptions to Fundamental Rights
- Abolition of Titles Effecting Certain Fundamental Rights, Present Position of Right to Property
- 4
- Abolition of Titles Right Against Exploitation, Right to Freedom Religion
- Abolition of Titles Writs – Types and Scope, Martial Law and Fundamental Rights
- 5
- Advocate General of the State, Appointment and Term, Duties and Functions
- Distinction between Articles 358 and 359, Declarations Made So Far
- 6
- Distinction between Articles 358 and 359, President՚s Rule, Financial Emergency
- Distinction between Articles 358 and 359, Criticism of the Emergency Provision
- 7
- Fundamental Duties, Swaran Singh Committee Recommendation, Features of the Fundamental Duties
- Fundamental Rights, Definition of State, Features of Fundamental Rights
- 8
- Fundamental Rights, Right to Equality, Prohibition of Discrimination on Certain Grounds
- International Law: Definition, Features, Role, Functions of the State, Key Treaties
- 9
- Intervention: Concept, Types, Examples, Methods, Role, Consequences
- Treaty Law
India's Foreign Policy(NEW) [75 Notes- 12% Effort]
Evolution of Objectives and Principles [18 Notes- 4% Effort]
- 1
- Non-Aligned Movement: Gains for India, Role in the Past, Current Condition for NAM
- Evolution of Objectives and Principles: Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, Objectives of India՚s Foreign Policy
- 2
- Evolution of Objectives and Principles: Cold War, Non-Alignment, Foreign-Policy Practise in India
- Gujral Doctrine
- 3
- Internal Determinants of Indian Foreign Policy: Internal Factors
- Power: Resource, Strategy and Outcome; Class Perspective
- 4
- Multinationalism
- India՚s Foreign Policy: Historical Background, Objectives and Principles
- 5
- Determinants of India՚s Foreign Policy
- Making of Foreign Policy
- 6
- India Neighborhood Policy
- India Economic Foreign Policy
- 7
- India and Indian Diaspora
- Evaluation of India Foreign Policy
- 8
- Foreign Policy, Principles of Indian Foreign Policy, Objectives of Indian Foreign Policy
- Foreign Policy, Gujral Doctrine of India, Nuclear Doctrine of India
- 9
- Historical Background, the Company Rule (1773 – 1858) , Features of the Act
- Historical Background, the Crown Rule (1858 - 1947) , Indian Councils Act of 1861,1892 and 1909
India's Relations with Neighbourhood [6 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- India՚s Relations with Neighbourhood: India, Countries Lying Nearby India, India՚s Relations with These Countries
- Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement
- 2
- Gujral Doctrine: Principles of Gujral Doctrine, Some of the Achievements Due to Gujral Doctrine, Essence of Gujral Doctrine
- Gujral Doctrine: Challenges to Gujral Doctrine, the Continued Relevance of the Gujral Doctrine, Way Forward, Conclusion
- 3
- India Relation with Its Neighbor
- Gujral Doctrine: Creation, Positive Application, Relevance, Challenges Positive Significance
India's Relations with Extended Neighbourhood [4 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- INDO-U. S. Relations: Role of US, Cooperation & Way Forward
- INDO-U. S. Relations: Evolution of Indo-U. S. Relations, Trump՚s South Asia Policy
- 2
- India՚s Relations with Extended Neighbourhood: Central Asian Region, United Soviet Socialist Republic, Key Elements
- India՚s Relations with Extended Neighbourhood: India՚s Need of Oil and Energy, India as an Agrarian Country
India and Major Powers [20 Notes- 2% Effort]
- 1
- Role of Major Powers (India) : Restrictions in Capabilities, Reasons Behind the Geo-Strategic Location of India, Need to Develop Relations with the United States, Cold War
- Role of Major Powers (EU) : Various Opinions About European Union, Different Categories of European Union, Power Concept, European Union as Multilateral Power, Dynamic Change at the International Order
- 2
- USA: Cold War, Non-Alignment Movement, Shift in India՚s Foreign Policy
- USA: Existence of Relations During the Contemporary Times, Reasons Behind the Increase in Visits
- 3
- Russia: India՚s Relations with the Soviet Union, India՚s Relations with Russia
- Russia: Informal Meeting between Two Nations, Basis of Indo-Russia Partnership, Main Agency, International Bodies Membership
- 4
- China: Difference between the Political Structure, Reasons Behind the Disputes
- China: Existence of Ancient Relations, Beginning of Modern Relationship, Concerns for India
- 5
- Japan: India՚s Relations with Japan Before 1947, Investment of Japan in India
- Japan: Relations in the Contemporary Times, Concerns for India
- 6
- EU: India-EU Relations, EU as a Trade Partner, Background, First India-EU Summit
- EU: Joint Action Plan, Economic Relations, Energy Panel, India-EU Virtual Summit
- 7
- Gulf Cooperation Council: History, Objectives, Organizational Structure of GCC, India and GCC Cooperation
- Security
- 8
- Pakistan
- Sri Lanka
- 9
- Afghanistan
- Maldives
- 10
- West Asia
- Central Asia Relation
India's Look East and Act East Policy [8 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- India՚s Look East and Act East Policy: India՚s Look East Policy, Chinese Factor, India՚s Act East Policy
- India՚s Look East and Act East Policy: Regional Comprehensive Economic Cooperation, Concerns Expressed by India, Difference between Look East Policy and Act East Policy
- 2
- India-Japan
- India – Australia
- 3
- Bangladesh
- Nepal
- 4
- Bhutan
- South East Asia Relation
India's Engagement with International Organisations [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Contemporary Global Order (Globality) : Scholars Views Regarding Globalization, Alliances in Various Forms, Challenges Posed by Globalization, Existence of Comparison
- India՚s Engagement with International Organizations
India's Engagement with Regional Organisations [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Role of India's Soft Power in Its Foreign Policy [16 Notes- 2% Effort]
- 1
- Role of India՚s Soft Power in Its Foreign Policy
- Why Should Pota Stay? , Constitutional Safeguards Against PD Laws, Review by Advisory Board
- 2
- History of Preventive Detention, POTA՚s Provisions
- Safeguards, POTA Repealed
- 3
- Regionalism
- Migration
- 4
- Interdisciplinary and Study of Inter Politics
- India՚s Negotiations Strategies: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
- 5
- Contemporary Challenges: Maritime Security
- India Security Concern
- 6
- Contemporary Challenge: International Terrorism
- Contemporary Challenge: Refugees
- 7
- Contemporary Challenge: Migrants
- International Terrorism: Definition, Goals and Ways, Types, Causes, Impact
- 8
- Migrants and Refugees
- Water Resources
South Asia and Indo-Pacific Region(NEW) [19 Notes- 2% Effort]
Geopolitical and Geostrategic Setting [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Colonialism [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Nationalism [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Independence Movements [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Nation Building [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
State Building [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Challenges to Democratization [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Regional Trade, Development Cooperation and Strategic Partnership [12 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- IORA (Indian Ocean Rim Association)
- ARF (ASEAN Regional Forum)
- 2
- APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)
- BIMSTEC (the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation)
- 3
- Mekong Ganga Cooperation
- South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
- 4
- ASEAN Plus Three (APT)
- Regional Organization: SAARC/ASEAN
- 5
- Regional Organization: SAARC
- Regional Organization: ASEAN
- 6
- Regional Cooperation in South Asia: SAARC
- Regional Integration: SAPTA – SAFTA
Europe and Erstwhile Soviet Union or Russia [19 Notes- 2% Effort]
Industrial Revolution [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Industrial Revolution: Beginning, Scientific and Technological Background
- Industrial Revolution: The Steam Engine and Effects
Europe between Two World Wars [4 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Europe between Two World Wars: World War I: Causes
- Europe between Two World Wars: World War I: Consequences of War
- 2
- Europe between Two World Wars: World War II: Cause of War
- Europe between Two World Wars: World War II: Consequences of War