NTA-NET (UGC-NET) Geography (80) History of Geographic Thought-Areal Differentiation and Spatial Organisation Study Material (Page 1 of 3)

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Schaefer - Hartshorne Debate: Exceptionalism, Hartshorne

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Introduction

“Schaefer-Hartshorne debate,” illustrates the tension between a nomothetic (universal) and an idiographic (unique or particular) viewpoints in geography. Schaefer was the proponent of the former while Hartshorne was a believer in latter.

Exceptionalism

Exceptionalism refers to the belief that geography and history are methodologically distinct from other systematic sciences because they are concerned with the study of “the unique” and “the particular.” This idea is closely associated with Kantianism. Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher-geographer of 18th century is recognized as the founder of exceptio…

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Schaefer - Hartshorne Debate: Schaefer, Hartshorne Comments on Schaefer, the Way Forward

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Schaefer

Fred Kurt Schaefer (1904 - 1953) was one of the pioneers of quantitative revolution. He was born in Berlin, Germany and fled from Nazi regime to US in 1938 to become faculty at University of Iowa in 1946. His paper “Exceptionalism in Geography: A Methodological Examination” was published in the Annals of the Association of American Geographers a year after his death in 1953. In this paper Schaefer refuted the pre-eminence given to regional paradigm of geography as the only mode of conducting geographical research. He believed that geography was not “exceptional” but rat…

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