NTA-NET (UGC-NET) Geography (80) Geography of India-Climate and Its Regional Variations Study Material (Page 6 of 21)

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Modern Theory on Origin of Indian Monsoons: Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO)

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Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO)

Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) is one of the most important atmosphere-ocean coupled phenomena in the tropics, which has profound influence on Indian monsoon.

It is the major fluctuation in tropical weather on weekly to monthly timescales. It was discovered by Madden and Julian in 1971. It has the following characteristics:

  • MJO is a massive weather event consisting of deep convection coupled with atmospheric circulation. It appears as a ‘pulse’ of cloud and rainfall near the equator moving slowly eastward over the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
  • MJO involves variations in wind, sea surface temperature (SST) , cloudiness, and rainfall.
  • Each cycle lasts approximately 30 - 60 days. It is also k…

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Modern Theory on Origin of Indian Monsoons: Impact of Global Warming on Indian Monsoon

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Impact of Global Warming on Indian Monsoon

Global warming and associated climate changes have an impact on the Indian monsoons.

  • The monsoon circulation, is driven by the land-ocean thermal contrasts, brings in warm, moisture-laden winds near the surface. Over land, this air rises and the moisture condenses, releasing heat that warms the atmosphere. Trapping of radiation by…

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