NTA-NET (UGC-NET) Anthropology (07) Evolution-Cultural Processes and Principles of Evolution-Convergence Study Material (Page 1 of 2)
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Convergence
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Evolution is change in living organisms over time. Convergences are evolutionary innovations that commonly result from activation of different developmental pathway.
- Evolutionary convergence means evolution of living organisms might not be simply a contingent process of exclusively unpredictable outcomes.
- Example- Use of distinct receptors in jawed and jawless vertebrates.
- Another example is overall body structure of shark and dolphin. A shark is a fish and dolphin is a mammal. However, their body shape and their movement is same.
- T…
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Taphonomy and Fossilization
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- The word taphonomy is derived from the Greek word ‘taphos’ meaning burial and ‘nomos’ meaning law.
- Paleontologists study fossils to determine the age of rock beds and reconstruct ancient environments.
- Fossilization is a rare phenomenon. Chemical decomposition, erosion, scavengers, pressure, and temperature changes are several processes that decrease the odds of fossilization occurring.
- The possession of hard parts, rapid deep burial, and protection from bacteria are conducive to fossilization.
- Fossil could be the remains of a part of an organism, such as teeth, bones, or shells, or complete skeleton itself.
- In the simplest form, “fossils are remains of traces of…
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