NTA-NET (UGC-NET) Anthropology (07) Evolution-Cultural Processes and Principles of Evolution-Convergence Study Material (Page 1 of 2)

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Convergence

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Evolution is change in living organisms over time. Convergences are evolutionary innovations that commonly result from activation of different developmental pathway.

  • Evolutionary convergence means evolution of living organisms might not be simply a contingent process of exclusively unpredictable outcomes.
  • Example- Use of distinct receptors in jawed and jawless vertebrates.
  • Another example is overall body structure of shark and dolphin. A shark is a fish and dolphin is a mammal. However, their body shape and their movement is same.
  • T…

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Taphonomy and Fossilization

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  • The word taphonomy is derived from the Greek word ‘taphos’ meaning burial and ‘nomos’ meaning law.
  • Paleontologists study fossils to determine the age of rock beds and reconstruct ancient environments.
Types of Fossils
  • Fossilization is a rare phenomenon. Chemical decomposition, erosion, scavengers, pressure, and temperature changes are several processes that decrease the odds of fossilization occurring.
  • The possession of hard parts, rapid deep burial, and protection from bacteria are conducive to fossilization.
  • Fossil could be the remains of a part of an organism, such as teeth, bones, or shells, or complete skeleton itself.
  • In the simplest form, “fossils are remains of traces of…

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