NEET (2024 Updated)-National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Medical) Biology Human Physiology-Excretory Products and Their Elimination Study Material (Page 4 of 15)

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Physiology of Excretion

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It includes urea formation and urine formation.

Formation of urea

  • During catabolism proteins break up into amino acids. The amino acids are converted into keto-acids (such as α-ketoglutaric-acid) with the removal of ammonia (deamination) .
  • The keto-acids enter the Krebs cycle to yield energy. Carbon dioxide is formed during Decarboxylation.
  • Ornithine (amino acid) combines with one molecule of NN3 and CO2 producing Citrulline (amino acids) and water. Citrulline combines with another molecule of ammonia and forms …

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Formation of Urine

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It includes three steps, Glomerular filtration (Ultrafiltration of plasma through glomerulus) , selective reabsorption and tubular secretion.

Image Showing Urine Formation

Glomerular filtration (Ultrafiltration of plasma through glomerulus)

  • Glomerulus is a tuft of capillaries found in Bowman՚s capsule of the nephron.
  • In the glomerulus afferent arterioles have large diameter as compare to efferent arteriole. Therefore blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries becomes high so that co…

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