View 706 Notes detailed notes on NEET (2024 Updated)-National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Medical) Biology
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We have 706 Notes in NEET (2024 Updated)-National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Medical) Biology course arranged below by topic-subtopic. Topic-wise count & %effort is given in brackets. Green bars show topic progress as you mark the titles complete (Show me how).
%
Diversity in Living World [129 Notes- 12% Effort]
What is Living? [18 Notes- 2% Effort]
- 1
- Understanding Nomenclature
- ICBN
- 2
- Taxonomical Aids
- Understanding Taxonomy
- 3
- Understanding What is Classification
- Some Definition Related to Species
- 4
- Taxonomic Categories
- History of Taxonomy - George Bentham
- 5
- History of Taxonomy – Aristotle
- Knowing the Types of Taxonomy
- 6
- Five Kingdom Classification
- History of Taxonomy - Aristotle
- 7
- History of Taxonomy - Tippo
- Binomial Nomenclature, Tools for Study of Taxonomy
- 8
- Need for Classification, Biodiversity
- Concept of Species and Taxonomical Hierarchy
- 9
- Taxonomy & Systematics
- Three Domains of Life: Concept of Three Domains of Life
Five Kingdom Classification [111 Notes- 10% Effort]
- 1
- Characteristics of Prokaryotes (Kingdom-Monera)
- Introduction to Eubacteria
- 2
- Structure of Eubacteria
- Cytoplasmic Organelles
- 3
- Staining of Bacteria
- Nutrition in Bacteria
- 4
- Heterotrophs
- Respiration
- 5
- Reproduction
- Economic Importance of Bacteria - Harmful Activities
- 6
- Useful Activities of Bacteria
- Actinomycetes - Filamentous Bacteria
- 7
- Blue Green Algae (B. G. a)
- Points to Remember
- 8
- Economic Importance of BGA
- Archaebacteria
- 9
- Bacteria Included in Archaebacteria
- Kingdom Protista
- 10
- Nutrition
- Reproduction: Sexual & Asexual Reproduction & Types
- 11
- Life Cycle of Protist
- Division - Pyrrophyta - Class Dinophyceae -Dinoflagellates
- 12
- Division - Chrysophyta/Bacillariophyta - Class - Bacillariophyceae – Diatoms
- Division - Euglenophyta - Euglenoids
- 13
- Slime Moulds
- Kindom-Mycota Introduction
- 14
- Eumycota or True Fungi
- Heterothallic and Homothallic Species
- 15
- Reproduction: Vegetative, Sexual & Asexual Reproduction in Fungi
- Methods of Sexual Reproduction
- 16
- Classification of Fungi - Phycomycetes
- Classification of Fungi - Ascomycetes
- 17
- Classification of Fungi – Basidiomycetes
- Classification of Fungi - Deuteromycetes
- 18
- Bryophyta
- General Characteristics of Bryophyta
- 19
- Life Cycle of Bryophytes
- Reproduction in Bryophyta.
- 20
- Classification of Bryophyta
- Hepaticopsida – Liver Worts
- 21
- Anthocerotopsida – Hornworts
- Bryopsida or Musci – Mosses
- 22
- Economic Importance and Habitat of Bryophyta
- Kingdom - Plantae
- 23
- Algae
- Pigmentation
- 24
- Reproduction in Algae
- Vegetative Reproduction in Algae
- 25
- Asexual Reproduction in Algae
- Sexual Reproduction in Algae
- 26
- Classification of Algae
- Chlorophyta (Green Algae)
- 27
- Phaeophyta (Brown Algae)
- Rhodophyta (Red Algae)
- 28
- Habitat of Some Important Algae
- Thallophyta
- 29
- Merits and Demerits of Two-Kingdom Classification
- Introduction to Pteridophyta
- 30
- General Characters of Pteridophytes
- Life Cycle of Pteridophytes
- 31
- Classification of Pteridophytes
- Some Important Points About Pteridophytes
- 32
- Introduction to Gymnosperms
- Life Cycle of Gymnosperms
- 33
- Fertilization
- Development of Zygotes
- 34
- Classification of Gymnosperms
- Cycadophyta
- 35
- Coniferophyta
- Economic Importance of Gymnosperms
- 36
- Classification of Viruses
- History of Viruses
- 37
- Characteristic Features of Viruses
- Morphology and Structure of Viruses
- 38
- Symmetry of Viruses
- Bacteriophage Virus
- 39
- Life Cycle of Bacteriophages
- Applications of Phage Particles
- 40
- Plant Diseases by Viruses
- Nomenclature of Virus
- 41
- Introduction to Mycorrhiza
- Types of Mycorrhiza:
- 42
- Introduction to Lichens
- Habit and Habitat of Lichens
- 43
- Classification of Lichens
- Internal Structures of Lichens
- 44
- Vegetative Reproduction in Lichens
- Sexual Reproduction in Lichens
- 45
- Asexual Reproduction: By Oidia/by Conidia/by Pycnidiospores
- Economic Importance of Lichens
- 46
- Mycoplasma
- Structure of Mycoplasma
- 47
- General Characters of Mycoplasma
- Reproduction in Mycoplasma
- 48
- Symptoms of Plant Diseases by Mycoplasma
- General Introduction of Angiosperms
- 49
- Plant Group - Algae
- Plant Group - Bryophytes
- 50
- Animal Group - Chordata
- Amphibia, Reptilia
- 51
- Aves, Mammalia
- Fungi, Five Kingdom Classification
- 52
- Plant Group – Gymnosperms, Plant Group - Angiosperms
- Lichens, Viruses and Viroids
- 53
- Five Kingdom Classification, Monera
- Animal Group - Nonchordata
- 54
- Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, Hemichordata
- Protista, Five Kingdom Classification
- 55
- Plant Group - Pteridophytes
- “Unveiling the Microscopic Realm: A Comprehensive Exploration of Viruses, Viroids, and Prions” (Part 1)
- 56
- “Unveiling the Microscopic Realm: A Comprehensive Exploration of Viruses, Viroids, and Prions” (Part 2)
Structural Organization in Animals and Plants [25 Notes- 3% Effort]
Plant Tissues - Morphology, Anatomy and Functions [14 Notes- 2% Effort]
- 1
- Inflorescence and Types of Racemose Inflorescence
- Structure of Seed
- 2
- Difference between Monocotyledonous and Dicotyledonous Seed
- Cymose or Definite Inflorescence
- 3
- Types of Seed Germination
- Structure of Bean Seed
- 4
- Structure of Maize Grain (Seed)
- Flower, Plant Tissues - Morphology, Anatomy and Functions: Classification of Flower
- 5
- Flower, Plant Tissues - Morphology, Anatomy and Functions: Parts of Flower
- Inflorescence, Fruit
- 6
- Leaf, Plant Tissues - Morphology, Anatomy and Functions
- Plant Tissues - Morphology, Anatomy and Functions, Root
- 7
- Plant Tissues - Morphology, Anatomy and Functions, Seed
- Plant Tissues - Morphology, Anatomy and Functions, Stem
Animal Tissues - Morphology, Anatomy and Functions - Mainly Cockroach [10 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Animal Nutrition and Types
- General Plan of Nutrition
- 2
- Process of Digestion
- Neural Control and Coordination
- 3
- Circulatory System: Anatomy of Heart, Circulatory Process, Circulation through Hemocoel
- Digestive System: Foregut, Hindgut, Digestive Process
- 4
- Nervous System: Central Nervous System (CNS)
- Nervous System: Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- 5
- Reproductive System
- Respiratory System
Introduction [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Cell Structure and Function [81 Notes- 16% Effort]
Cell and Cell Theory [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Structure of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell [53 Notes- 10% Effort]
- 1
- Active Transport in Cells: Definition & Examples, Types of Active Transport
- Active Transport in Cells: Active Transport Examples
- 2
- Chloroplast Structure: Chlorophyll, Stroma, Thylakoid, and Grana
- Colonial Protists: Definition & Examples, Colonial Protists Live Together
- 3
- Common Freshwater Protists, Life in Fresh Water
- Cytokinesis: Animal Versus Plant Cells, Cytokinesis Definition
- 4
- Dark Reactions of Photosynthesis: The Calvin-Benson Cycle, Photosynthesis
- Endocytosis and Exocytosis Across the Cell Membrane
- 5
- Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells: Similarities and Differences
- Glycolysis Pathway: Steps, Products & Importance, Cellular Respiration
- 6
- How a Phospholipid Bilayer is Both Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic
- Meiosis II: Definition, Stages & Comparison to Meiosis I, Telophase II and Cytokinesis
- 7
- Mitochondria Structure: Cristae, Matrix and Inner & Outer Membrane
- Nondisjunction & Aneuploidy: Definition & Examples, the Importance of Meiosis
- 8
- Parts of a Chromosome & Their Roles, Chromosome Cookbooks
- Protist Cell Structure, Protist Diversity, Finding and Seeing Protists
- 9
- Stages of Mitosis: Description & Sequence, the Stages of Mitosis: Overview
- Structure of the Nucleus: Nucleolus, Nuclear Membrane, and Nuclear Pores
- 10
- The Cell Cycle: Definition, Phases & Sequence, Defining the Cell Cycle
- The Citric Acid (Krebs) Cycle: Products and Steps, Glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle
- 11
- The Cytoskeleton: Microtubules and Microfilaments, Protein Fibbers in the Cytoskeleton
- The Electron Transport Chain: Products and Steps, the Last Step of Cellular Respiration
- 12
- The Endomembrane System: Functions & Components, the Endomembrane System
- The Fluid Mosaic Model of the Cell Membrane, Fluid Mosaic Model Definition
- 13
- The Fluid Mosaic Model
- The Ribosome: Structure, Function and Location, the RibosomeŐšs Function: Three Stages
- 14
- What Are Bacteria? - Definition & Types: Types of Bacteria, Other Classifications
- Methods of Protist Locomotion: Definition of a Protist, Ciliates
- 15
- Chlorophyll: Absorbing Light Energy for Photosynthesis
- Crossing over & Gene Linkage: Definition, Importance & Results
- 16
- Food Chains, Trophic Levels and Energy Flow in an Ecosystem
- Leading Strand and Lagging Strand, Okazaki Fragments, DNA Ligase
- 17
- DNA Replication: Review of Enzymes, Replication Bubbles & Leading and Lagging Strands
- RNA Primase and Okazaki Fragments, Leading and Lagging Strands in the Replication Bubbles
- 18
- Homeostasis in Plants
- How DNA Polymerase and RNA Primase Initiate DNA Replication
- 19
- RNA Primase and the RNA Primer, Topoisomerase and Enzyme Review
- Meiosis: Comparison to Mitosis, Crossing over & Process
- 20
- Meiosis I Stages: Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I & Telophase I
- Mutagens: How the Environment Affects Mutation Rates
- 21
- Photolysis and the Light Reactions: Definitions, Steps, Reactants & Products
- Protist Life Cycle
- 22
- Root System Growth: The Root Cap, Primary Roots & Lateral Roots
- Primary Roots and Lateral Root Growth
- 23
- Stages of Mitosis: Description & Sequence
- Structure of Plant Stems: Vascular and Ground Tissue
- 24
- The Cytoskeleton: Microtubules and Microfilaments
- Endomembrane System: Functions & Components
- 25
- The Plant Stem: Function, Types & Parts
- The Ribosome: Structure, Function and Location
- 26
- What is Seed Germination? - Definition, Process, Steps & Factors
- Factors Affecting Seed Germination, Summary, How Do Plants Reproduce, Seed Formation, Seed Germination, Influencing Factors, Some Examples, the Seed Germination Process
- 27
- Structure of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell
Plant Cell and Animal Cell [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Cell Organelles - Structure and Function [12 Notes- 2% Effort]
- 1
- Cell Envelope, Cell Organelles - Structure and Function
- Cell Wall, Endomembrane System-ER
- 2
- Ribosomes: Structure & Subunits
- Microbodies: Peroxisomes & Glyoxysomes
- 3
- “Cytoskeleton Wonders: Microtubules, Microfilaments, and Intermediate Filaments in Cellular Choreography”
- “Cilia and Flagella: Microtubule-Based Appendages Driving Cellular Motion and Sensation”
- 4
- “Centrosome and Centrioles: Architects of Microtubule Dynamics in Cell Division”
- “Cell Membrane Dynamics: Exploring the Fluid Mosaic Model”
- 5
- “Unveiling the Marvels of Mitochondria: Powerhouses of the Cell and Beyond”
- “Exploring Cell Organelles: Lysosomes, Autophagy, and Vacuoles”
- 6
- “Golgi Apparatus: Orchestrating Cellular Logistics and Molecular Makeovers”
- Plastids: Multifaceted Organelles in Plant Cells
Nucleus [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- “Chromatin Dynamics and Chromosome Architecture: Unraveling the Blueprint of Genetic Information”
- “Nucleolus Unveiled: The Orchestra of Ribosomal RNA Synthesis and Assembly”
- 2
- “Guardians of the Nucleus: Exploring the Nuclear Membrane and Its Components”
Chemical Constituents of Living Cells [6 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Biomolecules-Structure and Function
- Carbohydrates: Types
- 2
- Enzymes - Types, Properties, Enzyme Action
- “Lipids: Versatile Molecules in the Symphony of Life”
- 3
- “Proteins: A Comprehensive Overview of Amino Acid Structure, Peptide Bond Formation, and Protein Architecture”
- “Decoding the Blueprint: Understanding Nucleic Acids and Their Structural Elements”
B Cell Division [5 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Navigating the Cell Cycle: From Growth to Division (Part 1)
- Navigating the Cell Cycle: From Growth to Division (Part 2)
- 2
- “Unlocking the Secrets of Meiosis: A Comprehensive Journey through Cell Division” (Part 1)
- “Unlocking the Secrets of Meiosis: A Comprehensive Journey through Cell Division” (Part 2)
- 3
- “Mitosis Unveiled: A Symphony of Cell Division”
Plant Physiology [60 Notes- 9% Effort]
Transport in Plants [18 Notes- 2% Effort]
- 1
- Phloem Transport
- Root Pressure: Concept
- 2
- Guttation: Hydathodes
- Absorption, Apoplast
- 3
- Symplast Explanation with Diagram
- Translocation of Mineral Nutrients
- 4
- Transport of Food
- Transpiration-Opening and Closing of Stomata
- 5
- Opening and Closing of Stomata
- Transpiration Pull
- 6
- Active Transport
- “Plasmodesmata: Gateways of Cellular Communication in Plants”
- 7
- “Dance of Molecules: Understanding Diffusion and Facilitated Diffusion in Plant Cells”
- “Imbibition: The Cellular Swell”
- 8
- Water Potential
- Plasmolysis: Understanding Cellular Response to Solute Concentrations
- 9
- “Osmosis: The Dance of Water Across Cell Membranes”
- Movement of Water, Gases and Nutrients
Mineral Nutrients [6 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Deficiency Symptoms
- Mineral Toxicity
- 2
- Essential Minerals
- Macro and Micronutrients
- 3
- Nitrogen Metabolism
- Nitrogen Cycle
Photosynthesis [10 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Chemiosmotic Hypothesis
- Non-Cyclic Photophosphorylation
- 2
- Cyclic Photophosphorylation
- Means of Autotrophic Nutrition
- 3
- Site of Photosynthesis in Plants
- Photochemical and Biosynthetic Phases
- 4
- Pigments Involved in Photosynthesis: Chlorophyll-A and B
- Carotenoids: Beta-Carotenes, Xanthophylls and Phycobilins
- 5
- Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
- Photorespiration C3 and C4 Pathways
Respiration [9 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Energy Relations -Number of ATP Molecules Generated
- Amphibolic Pathway: Catabolic and Anabolic
- 2
- Respiratory Quotient
- Exchange Gases
- 3
- Cellular Respiration
- Electron Transport System (Aerobic)
- 4
- Glycolysis
- Fermentation (Anaerobic)
- 5
- TCA
Plant Growth and Development [17 Notes- 2% Effort]
- 1
- Androgenic Haploid Plants
- Bud Dormancy
- 2
- Difference between Epigeal and Hypogeal Germination
- Seed Dormancy
- 3
- Methods of Breaking of Seed Dormancy
- Factors Affecting Seed Germination
- 4
- Conditions of Growth
- Differentiation
- 5
- Dedifferentiation and Redifferentiation
- Growth Regulators-Auxin, Gibberellin
- 6
- Growth Regulators-Cytokinin, Ethylene, ABA
- Seed Germination
- 7
- Sequence of Developmental Process in a Plant Cell
- Photoperiodism: Concept, Types, Critical Day Length, Mechanism of Floral Induction
- 8
- Vernalisation: Concept, Mechanism, Gene Play During Vernalization
- Types of Seed Dormancy
- 9
- Phases of Plant Growth and Plant Growth Rate
Human Physiology [200 Notes- 26% Effort]
Digestion and Absorption [54 Notes- 5% Effort]
- 1
- Digestive System: The Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
- Digestive System: The Lower Gastrointestinal Tract
- 2
- Excretory System
- Digestion in GIT - Digestion of Carbohydrates
- 3
- Digestion in GIT - Digestion of Lipids
- Digestion in GIT - Digestion of Protein
- 4
- Absorption from GIT - Types
- Detail Mechanism of Absorption of Some Nutrients
- 5
- Disorders Due to Abnormality in Absorption
- Introduction and Functional Organization of Human Digestive System
- 6
- Part of GIT: Mouth
- Parts of GIT – Pharynx and Esophagus
- 7
- Part of GIT - Stomach
- Part of GIT – Small Intestine
- 8
- Part of GIT – Large Intestine
- Differences between Small Intestine and Large Intestine
- 9
- Histology of GIT
- Innervation and Control of GIT
- 10
- Immune System of GIT
- Digestive Glands - Salivary Glands
- 11
- Characteristic Features of Salivary Glands
- Comparison of Two Types of Cells in Salivary Gland
- 12
- Digestive Glands - Gastric Glands
- Digestive Glands - Pancreas and Pancreatic Juice
- 13
- Digestive Glands - Liver and Gall Bladder
- Digestive Glands - Small Intestine and Intestinal Glands
- 14
- Hormones of GIT
- Important Hormones of GIT
- 15
- Hormonal Regulation of Digestive Secretions
- Movements of GIT
- 16
- Important Movements of GIT
- Understanding the Movements of Stomach
- 17
- Understanding the Movements of Small Intestine
- Understanding the Movements of Colon
- 18
- Egestion or Defecation
- Assimilation of Food
- 19
- Functions of Liver
- Nutritional and Caloric Requirements
- 20
- Role of Carbohydrates
- Role of Protiens
- 21
- Role of Fats
- Energy Requirement
- 22
- Vitamins
- Fat Soluble Vitamins
- 23
- Water Soluble Vitamins
- Minerals and Water
- 24
- Balanced Diet
- Malnutrition
- 25
- Disorders of Overnutrition
- Alimentary Canal and Digestive Glands
- 26
- Digestion, Absorption and Assimilation of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats
- Egestion, Disorders
- 27
- Peristalsis, Calorific Value of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats
- Role of Digestive Enzymes and Gastrointestinal Hormones
Breathing and Respiration [31 Notes- 2% Effort]
- 1
- Cellular Respiration: Energy Transfer in Cells
- Gas Exchange in the Human Respiratory System
- 2
- How Blood Becomes Oxygenated, Problems of Liquid in Alveoli
- Respiration & Exchange of Gases
- 3
- Breathing and Respiration
- Types of Respiration
- 4
- Types of Aerobic Respiration
- Respiratory Organs in Animals
- 5
- Water as a Medium for Respiration and Adaptation in Fishes
- Mammalian (Human) Respiratory System
- 6
- Understanding the Respiratory Tract
- Differences between Tracheoles and Bronchioles
- 7
- Functions of Respiratory Passage
- Mechanism of Pulmonary Respiration (Mechanism of Breathing)
- 8
- Lung Volumes and Capacities (Pulmonary Air Volumes and Capacities)
- Respiratory Quotient (RQ)
- 9
- Exchange of Gases in Human Lungs and Tissues
- Surface Tension and Surfactant
- 10
- Exchange of Gases in Tissues
- Transport of Gases in Blood
- 11
- Oxygen Dissociation Curve
- Transport of Carbon Dioxide
- 12
- Regulation of Respiration (Control of Respiration)
- Artificial Respiration
- 13
- Disorders of Respiratory System
- Common Terms Related to Respiratory System
- 14
- Must to Remember Facts
- Mechanism of Breathing and Its Regulation in Humans
- 15
- Respiratory Organs in Animals: Sponges, Cnidarians, Flatworms, Earthworms, Aquatic Arthropods, Molluscs, Fishes, Amphibians, Reptiles, Mammals
- Respiratory System in Humans
- 16
- Respiratory Volumes, Disorders - Asthma, Emphysema, Occupational Respiratory Disorders
Body Fluids and Circulation [13 Notes- 2% Effort]
- 1
- The Human Circulatory System: Parts and Functions
- Innate Immunity: Inflammation, Neutrophils & Natural Killer Cells
- 2
- Blood Groups or Blood Types
- Coagulation of Blood
- 3
- Composition of Blood
- Composition of Lymph and Its Function
- 4
- Cardiac Cycle: Atrial Diastole, Ventricular Diastole, Isovolumetric Ventricular Contraction, Ventricular Ejection, Isovolumetric Ventricular Relaxation, Duration of Cardiac Cycle
- Cardiac Output: Concept, Stroke Volume, Factors Affecting Cardiac Output
- 5
- Double Circulation: Concept
- Introduction to ECG: Electrode Placement, Lead System, Electrical Activity of the Heart, Interpretation of ECG Waves
- 6
- Human Circulatory System-Structure of Human Heart and Blood Vessels
- Regulation of Cardiac Activity
- 7
- Disorder of Cardiovascular System
Excretory Products and Their Elimination [29 Notes- 3% Effort]
- 1
- About Excretion and Osmoregulation
- Excretory Products in Animals
- 2
- Excretory and Osmoregulatory Devices in Animals
- Human Excretory System
- 3
- Nephron - Its Structure and Function
- Renal Blood Flow
- 4
- Physiology of Excretion
- Formation of Urine
- 5
- About Urine
- Composition of Human Urine
- 6
- Functions of Kidney
- Dialysis
- 7
- Renal Transplantation
- Osmoregulation by Kidneys
- 8
- Regulation of Urine Formation
- Micturition
- 9
- Process of Micturition
- Accessory Excretory Organs
- 10
- Diseases of Urinary System
- Counter Current System
- 11
- Osmoregulation: Concept, Counter Current Mechanism
- Disorders – (Uremia, Renal Failure, Renal Calculi, Nephritis) , Dialysis and Artificial Kidney
- 12
- Dialysis and Artificial Kidney
- Human Excretory System-Structure and Function
- 13
- Modes of Excretion- Ammonotelism, Ureotelism, Uricotelism
- Regulation of Kidney Function: RAAS & ADH
- 14
- Regulation of Kidney Function: ANF, Neural Regulation & Autoregulation
- Role of Other Organs in Excretion
- 15
- Urine Formation
Locomotion [8 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Skeletal System and Muscular System
- Musculoskeletal System, Summary and the Skeletal and Muscular Systems
- 2
- Disorders - Myasthenia Gravis, Tetany, Muscular Dystrophy, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout
- Introduction to Joints and Its Type
- 3
- Skeletal System and Its Functions
- Locomotion and Movement
- 4
- Types of Movement- Ciliary, Flagella, Muscular
- Skeletal Muscle- Contractile Poteins and Muscle Contraction
Neural Control and Coordination [61 Notes- 9% Effort]
- 1
- Functions of the Nervous System
- Functions of the Nervous System and Neurological Diseases
- 2
- Internal Thermostat, Summary and Key Vocabulary Terms and Definitions
- Parts of the Brain
- 3
- The Structure and Function of Neurons
- Termination and the Role of Ribosome Sites in Translation
- 4
- The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
- Comparison between Nervous and Endocrine Coordination
- 5
- Hormones, Enzymes and Vitamins
- Hormones: Properties, Types and Classification
- 6
- Synthesis, Storage and Release of Hormones
- Mechanisms of Action of Steroid Hormones
- 7
- Regulation of Hormone Secretion & Feedback Control
- Human Endocrine System & Hypothalamus
- 8
- Disorders by Imbalance of Thyroid Hormone
- Hormone of Parathyroid Gland
- 9
- Disorders of Parathyroid Gland
- Hormones of Adrenal or Suprarenal Glands (Also Called Glands of Emergency)
- 10
- Disorders of Adrenal Cortex
- Hormones of Pineal Gland
- 11
- Hormones of Thymus
- Hormones of Pancreas
- 12
- Disorders of Pancreas
- Hormones of Kidneys
- 13
- Hormones of Gonads
- Hormones of Placenta
- 14
- Hormones of Pituitary Gland
- Disorders of Growth Hormones
- 15
- Hormones of Thyroid Gland
- Neuroglia Cells
- 16
- Nervous System in Humans
- Types of Neurons
- 17
- Types of Nerve Fibers
- BRAIN – Locations and Coverings
- 18
- Parts of Human Brain – Mainly Forebrain
- Basal Ganglia
- 19
- Diencephalon
- Mid Brain
- 20
- Hind Brain
- Functions of Brain
- 21
- Must Know Facts – Nervous System
- Peripheral Nervous System
- 22
- Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
- Reflex Action
- 23
- Termination of Nerve Fibers
- Organ of Sight-The Eye
- 24
- Layers of Retina
- Organs of Hearing and Equilibrium
- 25
- Spinal Cord
- Central Nervous System
- 26
- Elementary Structure and Function of Eye and Ear
- Disorders - Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, Goiter, Exopthalmic Goiter, Diabetes, AddisonŐšs Disease
- 27
- Reflex Action, Sense Organs
- Neuron and Nerves
- 28
- Chemical Coordination and Regulation, Endocrine Glands and Hormones
- Endocrine System -Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid
- 29
- Endocrine System- Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads
- Generation and Conduction of Nerve Impulse
- 30
- Hypo and Hyperactivity
- Mechanism of Hormone Action, Role of Hormones as Messengers and Regulators
- 31
- Peripheral Nervous System: Somatic Nervous System, Autonomous Nervous System, Types of Nerves
Introduction [4 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Reproduction [119 Notes- 12% Effort]
Reproduction in Organisms [16 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Asexual Reproduction - Agamospermy
- Asexual Reproduction – Vegetative Propogation
- 2
- Merits, Demerits and Significance of Vegetative Propagation
- Difference between Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
- 3
- Animal Reproduction - Asexual
- Sexual Reproduction
- 4
- Parthenogenesis (Virgin Birth or Virginal Reproduction)
- Asexual Reproduction in Organisms
- 5
- Binary Fission: Asexual Reproduction
- Characteristics of Reproduction
- 6
- Modes of Reproduction
- Sporulation: Reproduction
- 7
- Budding: Reproduction
- Gemmule: Reproduction
- 8
- Fragmentation: Reproduction
- Vegetative Propagation in Plants
Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants [51 Notes- 4% Effort]
- 1
- Development of Embryo in Dicotyledons
- Development of Embryo in Monocotyledon
- 2
- Development of Endosperm: Nuclear Endosperm, Cellular Endosperm, Helobial Endosperm, Special Points
- Fertilization
- 3
- Methods for Cross Pollination - Anemophily
- Methods for Cross Pollination - Hydrophily
- 4
- Methods for Cross Pollination - Zoophily
- Difference between Self-Pollination and Cross Pollination:
- 5
- Difference between Embryo and Endosperm
- Difference between Egg Cell and Secondary Nucleus
- 6
- Difference between Male and Female Gametophyte
- Difference between Pollination and Fertilization
- 7
- Pollination
- Contrivances or Adaptation for Self-Pollination:
- 8
- Contrivances for Cross Pollination
- Polyembryony
- 9
- Sexual Male Reproductive Organ – Androecium
- Structure of Anther:
- 10
- Microsporogenesis:
- Fact About Types of Pollen Grains
- 11
- Structure of Microspore or Pollen Grain
- Dehiscence of Anther
- 12
- Microgametogenesis or Development of Male Gametophyte
- Sexual Female Reproductive Organ – Gynoecium
- 13
- Structure of Ovule or Megasporangium
- Types of Ovules
- 14
- Megasporogenesis
- Development of Embryosac or Female Gametophyte
- 15
- Type of Embryo Sacs
- Angiospermic Seed
- 16
- Angiospermic Seed – Endosperm
- Development of Endosperm
- 17
- Development of Embryo
- Development of Male and Female Gametophytes: Microsporangium and Microsporogenesis
- 18
- Development of Male and Female Gametophytes: Pollen Grains and Megasporogenesis
- Development of Female Gametophytes: Structure of Ovule
- 19
- Development of Seed: Types of Seeds Based on Endosperm Persistence, Advantages of Seeds to Angiosperms
- Fruit Development: Types of Fruits
- 20
- Double Fertilization: Syngamy & Triple Fusion
- Double Fertilization: Advantages
- 21
- Flower Structure: Sepals, Petals and Thalamus
- Flower Structure: Androecium and Gynoecium
- 22
- Dioecy & Heterostyly: Outbreeding Devices
- Dichogamy & Herkogamy
- 23
- Pollen-Pistil Interaction: Concept, Growth of Pollen Tube
- Artificial Hybridization in Plant Breeding
- 24
- Pollination-Types, Agencies and Examples
- Types of Pollination
- 25
- Special Modes-Apomixis, Parthenocarpy, Polyembryony
- Parthenocarpy: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
- 26
- Polyembryony: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Human Reproduction [43 Notes- 6% Effort]
- 1
- Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction: Comparison & Characteristics
- An Angiosperm Life Cycle: Flowering Plant Reproduction
- 2
- An Angiosperm Life Cycle - The Haploid and Diploid Stage
- Anatomy & Physiology of Pregnancy
- 3
- Asexual Plant Reproduction: Vegetative Propagation and Bulbs
- Exceptions to Independent Assortment: Sex-Linked and Sex-Limited Traits
- 4
- Life Cycles of Different Types of Plants
- Oogenesis: How the Female Reproductive System Produces Eggs
- 5
- Oogenesis, Ovary Function and Ovulation and Fertilization
- Overview of Animal Reproduction and Development
- 6
- Plant Hormones: Chemical Control of Growth and Reproduction
- Postzygotic Reproductive Barriers: Definition & Examples
- 7
- Prezygotic Reproductive Barriers & Speciation: Definition & Examples
- Spermatogenesis: How the Male Reproductive System Produces Sperm
- 8
- Mammalian Reproductive System
- Male Reproductive System
- 9
- Puberty in Males and Hormones
- Disorders of Male Reproductive System
- 10
- Female Reproductive System
- Menstrual Cycle
- 11
- Disorders Related to Menstruation
- Gametogenesis
- 12
- Spermatogenesis
- Development of Follicle and Oogenesis
- 13
- Oogenesis
- Sperms and Ova
- 14
- Artificial Insemination
- Methods of Contraception
- 15
- Male Reproductive Systems
- Female Reproductive System: Components of Female Reproductive System
- 16
- Female External Genitalia & Mammary Gland
- Structure of Testes: Components of Testes
- 17
- Structure of Sperm: Components of Sperm
- Structure of Ovary: Components of Ovary
- 18
- Fertilisation, Concept, Capacitation, Binding of Sperm
- Polyspermy Fast Block and Slow Block
- 19
- Gametogenesis-Spermatogenesis & Oogenesis
- Embryo Development upto Blastocyst Formation, Implantation
- 20
- Menstrual Cycle & Phases
- Parturition: Events and Fetal Ejection Reflex
- 21
- Lactation: What is It and Hormones
- Pregnancy and Placenta Formation
- 22
- Foetal Membranes: Chorion, Amnion, Allantois and Yolk Sac
Reproductive Health [7 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Amniocentesis, Infertility
- Assisted Reproductive Technologies
- 2
- Birth Control-Need and Methods
- Sexually Transmitted Infections
- 3
- Methods of Birth Control, Contraception – Natural Methods
- Contraception: Barrier Methods, OCP and Surgical Methods
- 4
- Reproductive Health and Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD)
Introduction [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Genetics and Evolution [91 Notes- 18% Effort]
Heredity and Variation [15 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Chromosomal Disorders in Humans
- DownŐšs Syndrome, TurnerŐšs and KlinefelterŐšs Syndromes
- 2
- Linkage and Crossing over
- Sex Determination-In Humans, Birds, Honey Bee
- 3
- Sex Linked Inheritance-Hemophilia, Color Blindness
- Mendelian Disorders in Humans-Thalassemia
- 4
- Chromosomes and Genes, Difference
- Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance
- 5
- Co-Dominance in Blood Groups
- Multiple Allelism and Starch Synthesis in Pea
- 6
- ABO Blood Grouping and Its Types
- Incomplete Dominance
- 7
- Mendelian Inheritance, Pea Plants
- Monohybrid, Dihybrid Cross and MendelŐšs Law of Inheritance
- 8
- Pleiotropy: Concept and Examples
Molecular Basis of Inheritance [51 Notes- 10% Effort]
- 1
- Differences between RNA and DNA & Types of RNA (MRNA, TRNA & RRNA)
- Effects of Frameshift Mutations: Definitions and Examples, Review of Mutation Types
- 2
- Effects of Mutations on Protein Function: Missense, Nonsense, and Silent Mutations
- How an Operon Controls Transcription in a Prokaryotic Cell
- 3
- How Helicase Unwinds the DNA Double Helix in Preparation for Replication
- How is DNA Organized into Chromosomes? - Structure & Function
- 4
- Protein Synthesis in the Cell and the Central Dogma
- Proteins: Structure and Function, Proteins and Peptide Bonds
- 5
- RNA Processing in a Eukaryotic Cell: Splicing of Introns & Exons
- Transcription of Messenger RNA (MRNA) from DNA: Introduction to Transcription
- 6
- TRNA: Role, Function & Synthesis, Function of TRNA, Synthesis of TRNA
- What is a Point Mutation? - Definition, Causes & Types: Point Mutations
- 7
- What is DNA Replication? – Conservative: Semi-Conservative & Dispersive Models
- What is Genetic Engineering? - Definition and Examples: The Genetic Engineering Process
- 8
- What is the Genetic Code That Translates RNA into Amino Acids?
- Basic Genetics: The Genome & Chromosomes
- 9
- Basic Genetics -Homologous Chromosomes and Diploid Complements
- Codon Recognition: How TRNA and Anticodons Interpret the Genetic Code
- 10
- Complementary Base Pairing: Definition & Explanation
- DNA: Chemical Structure of Nucleic Acids & Phosphodiester Bonds
- 11
- DNA: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine & Complementary Base Pairing
- DNA: Discovery, Facts, Structure & Function in Heredity
- 12
- DNA Replication: The Leading Strand and DNA Polymerase Activities
- Exceptions to Simple Dominance: Codominance and Incomplete Dominance
- 13
- Universal Blood Donors and Recipients, Incomplete Dominance
- Genetics: Heredity, Traits & Chromosomes
- 14
- How is DNA Packaged? - Chromosome Condensation & Karyograms
- Human Genetics: Multifactorial Traits & Model Organisms
- 15
- MendelŐšs First Law & Its Application
- MendelŐšs Second Law: The Law of Independent Assortment
- 16
- MendelŐšs Dihybrid Cross Example: Practice & Ratio
- Point Mutations in DNA: Types, Diseases & Examples
- 17
- Properties of Alleles
- Regulation of Gene Expression: Transcriptional Repression and Induction
- 18
- The Lac Operon and Induction, Repression and Gene Regulation
- Translation of MRNA to Protein: Initiation, Elongation & Termination Steps
- 19
- What Are Amino Acids? - Definition & Structure
- Types of Amino Acids and Specific Functions of Different Amino Acids
- 20
- The Sanger Method of DNA Sequencing
- DNA Finger Printing
- 21
- DNA Packaging
- Central Dogma in Inheritance: DNA Replication
- 22
- Genetic Code: Concept, Discovery of the Checker Board for Genetic Codon, Effect of Mutation
- Genome and Human Genome Project
- 23
- Lac Operon: Mechanism of Regulation, Catabolite Repression
- Structure of DNA and RNA
- 24
- Transcription: Transcription Unit, Transcription in Prokaryotes, Transcription in Eukaryotes, Processing of MRNA
- DNA as Genetic Material
- 25
- Nucleotide and Its Types
- Gene Expression and Regulation
- 26
- Translation and Structure, Translation
Evolution [25 Notes- 5% Effort]
- 1
- Evolutionary Change: Definition and Forms, Review of Evolution
- Carrying Capacity, Migration & Dispersion
- 2
- Ecosystems, Habitats and Ecological Niches
- Explaining & Analyzing Processes of Life in Biology: Practice Problems
- 3
- Explaining & Analyzing Physical Structures in Biology: Practice Problems
- Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium: Definition, Equation & Evolutionary Agents
- 4
- Hardy-Weinberg Equation Explained, Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Example and Evolutionary Agents
- Homeostasis and Temperature Regulation in Humans
- 5
- How Introduced and Invasive Species Alter Ecological Balance
- Interspecific Competition, Competitive Exclusion & Niche Differentiation
- 6
- Natural Selection & Adaptation: Definition, Theory & Examples
- Evolutionary Adaptation, Adaptation and Natural Selection
- 7
- Science Vocabulary & Concepts: Study Skills & Word Parts
- Symbiotic Relationships: Mutualism, Commensalism & Parasitism
- 8
- Symbiotic Relationship Examples and Mutualism vs Commensalism
- Taxonomy: Classification and Naming of Living Things
- 9
- Cladograms and Phylogenetic Trees: Evolution Classifications
- Ecological Succession: From Pioneer to Climax Communities
- 10
- Populations: Density, Survivorship and Life Histories
- Predator/Prey Interactions, Camouflage, Mimicry & Warning Coloration
- 11
- Speciation: Allopatric and Sympatric Speciation
- Survivorship Curve: Types & Examples
- 12
- The Environment, Levels of Ecology and Ecosystems
- The History of Life on Earth: Timeline and Characteristics of Major Eras
- 13
- Theories of Evolution: Lamarck vs. Darwin