View 887 Notes detailed notes on IFS (Forest Services) Zoology
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We have 887 Notes in IFS (Forest Services) Zoology course arranged below by topic-subtopic. Topic-wise count & %effort is given in brackets. Green bars show topic progress as you mark the titles complete (Show me how).
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Non-Chordata and Chordata [128 Notes- 14% Effort]
Classification [18 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Symmetry
- Teratogens
- 2
- Protista: Phylum Porifera, Protozoan Characters of Porifera, Metazoan Characters of Porifera, Groups Related to Porifera, Subkingdom Parazoa, Origin of Metazoa
- Protozoa: Five-Kingdom Classification
- 3
- Onychophora: Peculiar Anatomical Features of Peripatus, Affinities of Peripatus, Annelidan Characteristics, Arthropodan Characteristics, Onychophoran Characteristics, Molluscan Characteristics
- Hemichordata: Affinities with Chordata, Rhynchocephala, Phoronida, Pogonophora, Annelida, Echinodermata, Systemic Position of Hemichordata
- 4
- Animal Kingdom Classification and Characteristics
- Animal Kingdom Classification System and Chart
- 5
- Invertebrates: What Are Invertebrates, Characteristics, List of Invertebrates
- Invertebrates Classification: Phylum Porifera (Sponges) , Phylum Cnidaria (Coelentrata) , Phylum Ctenophora, Phylum Platyhelminthes
- 6
- Invertebrates Classification: Phylum Aschelminths (Nematoda) , Phylum Annelida (Segmented Worms) , Phylum Arthropoda, Phylum Mollusca, Phylum Echinodermata, Examples of Invertebrates
- Vertebrates, Classes of Vertebrates
- 7
- Acoelomata and Coelomata
- Protostomes & Deuterostomes, Bilateralia & Radiata
- 8
- Biological Nomenclature: Scope of the International Codes
- Concepts of Species and Hierarchical Taxa
- 9
- Unicellular, Colonial and Multicellular Forms, Levels of Organization of Tissues, Organs & Systems: Cellular Organization
- Unicellular, Colonial and Multicellular Forms, Levels of Organization of Tissues, Organs & Systems: Tissue Level of Organization
Protozoa [20 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Phylum Protozoa โ Locomotion: Pseudopodia, Myonemes
- Flagellum (Locomotory Organelles)
- 2
- Cilia (Locomotory Organelles) : Types of Cilia, Differences between Flagella and Cilia
- Method of Locomotion: Amoeboid Movement
- 3
- Method of Locomotion: Metabolic, Swimming & Gliding
- Nutrition in Protozoa
- 4
- Parasitism in Protozoa: Types of Parasites, Host Specificity, Transmission, Life Cycle of the Protozoan Parasites, Effects of Protozoan Parasites on Their Hosts
- Reproduction in Protozoa: Evolution of Sex
- 5
- Sexual Reproduction in Protozoans
- Asexual Reproduction in Protozoans: Binary Fission, Multiple Fission, Budding, Plasmotomy
- 6
- Leishmania: Distribution, Habitat, Morphology
- Leishmania: Life Cycle in Man, Sand Fly, Dumdum Fever
- 7
- Plasmodium: Plasmodium General Characters, Plasmodium Life Cycle in Man
- Plasmodium Life Cycle in Mosquito and Pathogenicity
- 8
- Monocystis: Distribution, Habit and Habitat, Structure of Trophozoite, External Morphology of Monocystis, Physiology of Monocystis, Monocystis Life Cycle
- Paramecium & Its Structure
- 9
- Nutrition in Paramecium: Oral Apparatus, Feeding Mechanism, Cytosin, Digestion
- Reproduction of Paramecium
- 10
- Unicellular, Colonial and Multicellular Forms, Levels of Organization of Tissues, Organs & Systems: Cellular Organization
- Unicellular, Colonial and Multicellular Forms, Levels of Organization of Tissues, Organs & Systems: Tissue Level of Organization
Porifera [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Coelenterata [6 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Coral Reefs and Their Formation
- Metagenesis
- 2
- Polymorphism, Defensive Structure and Their Mechanism
- Coelentrata, Metagenesis
- 3
- Aurelia, Obelia & Aurelia
- Polymorphism, Defensive Structure of Cnidarians
Platyhelminthes [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Nemathelminthes [6 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Ascaris: The Roundworm
- Nemathelminths in Relation to Man
- 2
- Nematode Parasite in Man: Ascaris Lumbricoides
- Nematode Parasite in Man: Ancylostoma Duodenale
- 3
- Nematode Parasite in Man: Wuchereria Bancrofti
- Nematode Parasite in Man: Enterobius Vermicularis
Annelida [6 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Modes of Life in Polychaetes
- Coelom & Metamerism: General Characteristics, Metamerism, Occurrence of Metamerism, Characteristic Features of Metamerism
- 2
- Coelom & Metamerism: Different Types of Metamerism, Origin of Metamerism
- Coelom & Metamerism: Distinguish between Pseudo-Metamerism and Metamerism, Coelom of Annelid
- 3
- Classification of Annelida
- Lampito [Megascolex] Mauritii (South Indian Earthworm)
Arthropoda [21 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Social Organisation in Insects
- Arthropoda: General Characters of Phylum Arthropoda
- 2
- Classification of Phylum Arthropoda
- Larval Forms in Crustacea: Nauplius, Meta-Nauplius, Cypris, Protozoaea
- 3
- Larval Forms in Crustacea: Zoaea, Mysis, Phyllo-Soma, Alima
- Parasitism in Crustacea: Uniqueness of Crustacean Parasites
- 4
- Parasitism in Subclass Copepoda
- Parasitism in Subclass Branchiura: Parasitism in Subclass Cirripedia
- 5
- Parasitism in Subclass Isopoda
- Parasitism in Subclass Amphipoda
- 6
- Modifications of Mouthparts: Butterfly & Cockroach
- Modifications of Mouthparts: Housefly & Honeybee
- 7
- Modifications of Mouthparts: Mosquitoes
- Metamorphosis in Insects: No Metamorphosis, Incomplete Metamorphosis, Gradual Metamorphosis, Complete Metamorphosis
- 8
- Hormonal Control of Metamorphosis
- Social Behavior: General Characteristics of Social Insects
- 9
- Social Organization: Social Organization of Termites, Apis
- Vision in Crustacea (Prawn) โ the Compound Eye
- 10
- Vision in Scorpion and Cockroach
- Respiration in Arthropoda
- 11
- Environmental Regulation of Normal Development
Mollusca [10 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Mollusca: Torsion and Detorsion
- Lamellidens: Digestive, Respiratory, Circulatory, Excretory, Nervous, Reproductive System
- 2
- Sepia: Digestive, Respiratory, Circulatory, Excretory, Nervous, Reproductive System
- Pila: Digestive System, Respiratory System
- 3
- Feeding, Respiration, Locomotion & Shell Diversity: Mollusc, Shell Diversity of Mollusc, Respiration
- Feeding, Respiration, Locomotion & Shell Diversity: Detailed Analysis- Class Aplacophora, Class-Monoplacophora (Tryblidiida) , Class-Polyplacophora (Amphineura or Loricate)
- 4
- Feeding, Respiration, Locomotion & Shell Diversity: Detailed Analysis- Class-Scaphopoda (Solen Concha) ,Class-Gastropoda, Class Pelecypoda [Bivalvia or Lemellibranchiata] , Class-Cephalopoda [Siphono Poda]
- Feeding, Locomotion, Respiration & Larval Forms: Larval Forms of Echinoderms- Dipleurula Larva, Bipinnaria and Brachiolaria, Ophiopluteus
- 5
- Feeding, Locomotion, Respiration & Larval Forms: Larval Forms of Echinoderms- Echinopluteus, Auricularia Larva, Doliolaria
- Ambulacral or Water-Vascular System
Echinodermata [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Protochordata [7 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Origin of Chordates
- Respiration in Fishes: Gills of Bony Fishes, External Gills, Air Bladder, Accessary Respiratory Organs in Fishes, Lungs
- 2
- Sub-Phylum Cephalochordata: The Salient Features of Cephalochordates Are the Following, Amphioxus Lanceolatus [Branchiostoma Lanceolatus]
- Sub-Phylum Cephalochordata: Habit and Habitat, External Features, Affinities and Systematic Position of Amphioxus, Non-Chordate Features, Chordate Features
- 3
- Sub-Phylum Cephalochordata: Affinities with Urochordata, Affinities with Cyclostomata, Affinities with Vertebrates, Biological Status of Amphioxus, Systematic Position of Amphioxus
- Herdmania Sub Phylum Urochordates: Class-Ascidiacea, Herdmania, Body Proper, Test or Tunic, Reproductive System, Fertilization and Larval Development
- 4
- Herdmania Sub Phylum Urochordates: Ascidian Tadpole, Significance of Ascidian Tadpole, Metamorphosis
Pisces [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Swimming in Fishes: Sustained, Burst, Prolonged, Fish Hydrodynamics
- Locomotion in Fishes: Anguilliform, Carangiform, Ostraciform, Locomotion in Sharks and Dogfishes (Pleurotremata) , Skates and Rays (Hypotremata) , Bony Fishes, Flying Fish, Sea Horse and Pipe Fish
- 2
- Migration in Fishes: Types of Migration in Fishes, Anadromous Migration in Lampreys
Amphibia [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Reptilia [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Aves [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Mammalia [6 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Egg Laying Mammals, Pouched Mammals, Aquatic Mammals and Primates
- Origin of Mammals
- 2
- Dentition in Mammals; Differentiation, Attachment and Succession of Teeth
- Kinds of Teeth, Types of Cheek Teeth, Dental Formula
- 3
- Endocrine Glands and Other Hormone Producing Structures: Endocrine Glands and Hormones, Human Endocrine System, the Hypothalamus
- Endocrine Glands and Other Hormone Producing Structures: Adrenal Gland, Hormones of Heart, Kidney and Gastrointestinal Tract
Comparative Account [13 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Urino-Genital System, Brain and Sense Organ: Brain- Prosencephalon, Mesencephalon, Metencephalon, Myelencephalon, Meninges
- Urino-Genital System, Brain and Sense Organ: Brain- Cyclostome Brain, Fish Brain, Urodele Brain, Anuran Brain, Reptilian Brain, Bird Brain, Mammalian Brain
- 2
- Urinogenital Ducts
- Sense Organ, Eye, Ear: Eye
- 3
- Sense Organ, Eye, Ear: Ear
- Integument, Endoskeleton, Locomotory, Digestive, Respiratory & Circulatory System
- 4
- Endoskeleton & Locomotion- Typical Vertebra, Cyclostomes, Elasmobranchs, Teleostีs, Amphibia, Reptiles, Aves, Mammals
- Endoskeleton & Locomotion- Locomotory Organs of Fish โ Fins, Types of Caudal Fins, Protocercal, Diphycercal, Homocercal, Heterocercal, Types of Paired Fins, Fossorial Adaptation, Saltatorial Adaptation, Graviportal Adaptation
- 5
- Digestive System
- Respiratory System
- 6
- Circulatory System
- Animals and Microorganisms: Concept, Hierarchical Levels, Types
- 7
- Animals and Microorganisms: Principles of Taxonomy, Animal Taxonomy
Ecology [126 Notes- 15% Effort]
Population Characteristics and Dynamics [8 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Population, Population Characteristic- Population Dispersion, Random, Uniform, Clumped
- Population Characteristics and Dynamics: Population Dispersal
- 2
- Population Dynamics
- Carnivory: Variations in Carnivory, Importance of Carnivory
- 3
- Life History Strategies (R and K Selection)
- Characteristics of a Population: Concept, Attributes
- 4
- Population Growth Curves: Concept, Types
- Population Regulation: Concept, Types
Conservation of Natural Resources [24 Notes- 2% Effort]
- 1
- Project Tiger
- Conservation of Fishery Resource
- 2
- Aquaculture & Sustainable Aquaculture
- Approaches & New Technologies in Aquaculture
- 3
- Mineral Mining: Conservation & Process
- Metallic & Non-Metallic Minerals & Conversation of Minerals
- 4
- Introduction to Forestry: Conservation, Enhancement & Role: Forest Conservation
- Introduction to Forestry: Conservation, Enhancement & Role: Enhancement of Forest Cover, Roles of Forests
- 5
- Recommendations of Forest Conservation
- Introduction to Grassland Ecosystem
- 6
- Comparison between Tropical (Savannas) and Temperate (Steppes)
- Indiaีs Diverse Grassland Ecosystem
- 7
- Grassland Ecosystem: Resilience & Significance
- Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation
- 8
- Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation โ Hotspots, Species Extinction
- Environmental Hazards and Remedial Measures: Conserving Biodiversity
- 9
- Environmental Management: Environmental Conservation, Environmental Restoration
- Conservation of Biodiversity Act, 2002: Loss & Cause, Conservation & BiCCI
- 10
- Conservation of Biodiversity Act, 2002: Necessity, Threats of Biodiversity, Objectives, Salient Features, Proposed Institutional Mechanism, Activities for Permission, Weakness, Criticism
- Conservation Strategies
- 11
- Principles of Conservation: Conservation Versus Protection, Principles
- Principles of Conservation: Need for the Three Aspects of Ecosystem, Taxonomy, Extinction
- 12
- Biodiversity Management Approaches
- Sustainable Resource Management
Sustainable Production in Agriculture-Integrated Pest Management [7 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Integrated Pest Management
- Successful Integrated Pest Management Program
- 2
- Concept of Ecosystem Management
- Wild Life Destruction and Preservation: Strategy for Wildlife Conservation
- 3
- IUCN and Red List
- Extinction of Species with Special Reference to India
- 4
- Major Management Approaches in Conservation Biology
Environmental Biodegradation [19 Notes- 2% Effort]
- 1
- Types of Water Pollution
- Environmental Pollution
- 2
- Pollution: Introduction to Pollution, Pollutants
- Pollution: Cause of Pollution
- 3
- Pollution: Soil and Land Pollution
- Pollution: Water Pollution
- 4
- Pollution: Air Pollution
- Pollution: Radioactive Pollution
- 5
- Pollution: Pollution Control
- Air Pollution
- 6
- Water Pollution
- Disposal of Urban Solid Waste
- 7
- Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
- Types of Pollution
- 8
- Environmental Pollution: Air Pollution
- Environmental Pollution: Water Pollution and Soil Pollution
- 9
- Life and Atmospheric Pollution: Introduction, Modern Life and Atmospheric Pollution, Atmospheric Pollution
- Sources or Causes of Air Pollution: Primary and Secondary Air Pollutants
- 10
- Effects of Air Pollution: Checking Air Pollution
Concept of Ecosystem [41 Notes- 5% Effort]
- 1
- The Hydrological Cycle and the Aquatic Ecosystems (Freshwater & Marine)
- Types of Aquatic Ecosystems-Coastal & Marine Pelagic
- 2
- Ecology-An Interdisciplinary Science: History
- Ecological Pyramids
- 3
- Ecological Pyramids: Definition, Types, Examples, Function
- The Earth System and Its Components
- 4
- Ecosystems - Structural and Functions
- Ecosystem Development
- 5
- Ecological Pyramids-Pyramid of Number, Biomass & Energy
- Ecosystem โ Components
- 6
- Ecosystem: Terrestrial & Aquatic
- Forest Ecosystem
- 7
- Desert Ecosystem
- Grasslands Ecosystem
- 8
- Introduction to Ecology
- Principles of Ecology: Ecology
- 9
- Principles of Ecology: Ecological Hierarchy
- Principles of Ecology: Ecosystem
- 10
- Principles of Ecology: Classification of Ecosystem
- Principles of Ecology: Food Chain and Food Web
- 11
- Principles of Ecology: Biomagnification
- Concepts and Components of Environment
- 12
- Ecological Pyramid: Ecosystem Ecology
- The Environment โ Biotic Environment
- 13
- Environment โ Physical Environment
- Environment โ Biotic and Abiotic Interactions
- 14
- Ecosystem Structure: Structural Components, Abiotic Components, Biotic Components
- Ecosystem Function
- 15
- Appendices and Appendix I: Glossary of Major Geographic Terms (a to B)
- Appendices and Appendix I: Glossary of Major Geographic Terms (C)
- 16
- Appendices and Appendix I: Glossary of Major Geographic Terms (D & E)
- Appendices and Appendix I: Glossary of Major Geographic Terms (F & G)
- 17
- Appendices and Appendix I: Glossary of Major Geographic Terms (H to K)
- Appendices and Appendix I: Glossary of Major Geographic Terms (L to N)
- 18
- Appendices and Appendix I: Glossary of Major Geographic Terms (O to R)
- Appendices and Appendix I: Glossary of Major Geographic Terms (S to U)
- 19
- Appendices and Appendix I: Glossary of Major Geographic Terms (V to Z)
- Appendix II: Units and Measurements: Basic Terms
- 20
- History and Development of Environmental Studies
- Approaches to Environmental Studies
- 21
- Energy Flow in Ecosystem
Biosphere [27 Notes- 3% Effort]
- 1
- Bio-Geo Chemical Cycle: History, Process, System, Elements
- Concept of Eco Tone, Edge Effects Ecological Niche and Habitats
- 2
- Concept of the Climax
- Energy Flow in Ecosystem
- 3
- Ecological Succession
- Biomes
- 4
- Earths Major Biomes: Distribution and Biotic Components
- Other Biogeographic Classifications: Major Genecenters (Vavilov Centers of Diversity)
- 5
- Other Biogeographic Classifications: MacArthur and Wilsonีs Method, Rapoportีs Classification, Pielouีs Classification, Mullerีs Classification, Morroneีs Classification
- Principles of Ecology: Energy Flow and Pyramids
- 6
- Principles of Ecology: Nutrient Cycles or Biogeochemical Cycles
- Principles of Ecology: Ecological Succession
- 7
- Biogeochemical Cycles
- Biogeography โ Major Terrestrial Biomass
- 8
- Changes Involved in Succession: Concept, Significant Successional Changes
- Concept of Climax: Overview, Features
- 9
- Edges and Ecotones: Concept, Characteristics, Edge Effect
- Major Terrestrial Biomes: Concept, Types
- 10
- Mechanism of Ecological Succession: Stages, Models
- Energy Flow and Mineral Cycling (C, N, P) : Concept
- 11
- Carbon Cycle
- Nitrogen Cycle
- 12
- Phosphorous Cycle
- Nature of Communities: Concept, Characteristics, Factors Affecting Interaction in a Community
- 13
- Community Structure and Attributes
- Types of Ecological Succession: Concept, Types
- 14
- Environmental Hazards and Remedial Measures: Global Warming
Ethology [68 Notes- 7% Effort]
Behaviour [42 Notes- 3% Effort]
- 1
- Habituation
- Learning
- 2
- Instinct
- Imprinting
- 3
- Sensory Filtering
- Sign Stimuli
- 4
- Sensory Filtering: Peripheral & CNS; Mullerีs Law of Specific Nerve Energies
- Introduction to Responsiveness & Homeostasis
- 5
- Homeostasis & Thermoregulation
- Osmoregulation in Plants and Animals
- 6
- Aestivation and Hibernation
- What is Migration?
- 7
- Diapause: Stages & Organisms Exhibiting Diapuase
- Altruism and Evolution: Concept of Altruism, Role
- 8
- Development of Behavior: Concept, Processes, Evolutionary Aspects, Genetic and Environmental Aspects
- Approaches and Methods in Study of Behavior
- 9
- Neural Basis of Learning, Memory, Cognition, Sleep and Arousal: Concept
- Neural Process of Sleep and Arousal
- 10
- Proximate and Ultimate Causation
- Social Communication: Concept
- 11
- Social Dominance
- What is Not Learning? : Sensitization, Habituation and Behavioral Changes Due to Motivation
- 12
- Learning: Characteristics of Learning and Factors in Human Learning
- Learning: Factors Affecting Learning
- 13
- Theories of Pavlovian Conditioning
- Theories of Operant or Instrumental Conditioning
- 14
- Classical Conditioning: Higher Order Conditioning
- Classical Conditioning: Pseudo, Laws and Applications of Classical Conditioning
- 15
- Operant Conditioning: Important Concepts
- Operant Conditioning: Skinnerีs Experiment
- 16
- Operant Conditioning: Significance of Operant Conditioning
- Description of Classical Conditioning: Classical Conditioning- Elements of Classical Conditioning, Cognitive Perspective of Classical Conditioning, Some Basic Principles
- 17
- Description of Classical Conditioning: Types of Conditioning, Why Classical Conditioning Works? , Therapies Based on Classical Conditioning
- Learning
- 18
- Classical Conditioning
- Habituation
- 19
- Sensitization
- Classical Conditioning: Little Albert Experiment
- 20
- Operant Conditioning
- Learning & Types
- 21
- Research (2020) : The Impact of Classical Conditioning on Consumer Behavior: A Case of Kinderjoy
- Research (2014) : The Impact of Positive Reinforcement on Employeesี Performance in Organizations
Role of Hormones in Drive [19 Notes- 2% Effort]
- 1
- Courtship
- Crypsis
- 2
- Role of Pheromones in Alarm Spreading
- Courtship, Role of Hormones in Drive
- 3
- Role of Hormones in Drive Crypsis
- Pheromones- Classification of Pheromones
- 4
- Pheromones- Human Pheromones, Significance, Pheromone Communication, Advantages and Disadvantages
- Social Behaviour in Insects and Primates
- 5
- Social Organisation in Termites
- Social System in Primates and Types of Social Behaviour
- 6
- Social System in Primates and Special Features of Primate Socialization
- Introduction to Predator Tactics
- 7
- Predator Adaptations: Physical and Others
- Predation Detection and Method
- 8
- Aggressive Behaviour: Concept, Neural Control, Neurotransmitters Involved, Environmental and Developmental Factors Related to Aggression
- Habitat Selection and Optimality in Foraging
- 9
- Mating Systems, Parental Investment and Reproductive Success
- Migration, Orientation and Navigation
- 10
- Use of Space and Territoriality
Orientation, Navigation, Homing [5 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Orientation, Navigation, Homing
- Biological Rhythms: Biological Clock, Pineal Gland-The Biological Clock, Biological Rhythms, Photoperiodism
- 2
- Biological Rhythms: Kinds of Biorhythms, Conditions for Circadian Rhythm, Orientation, Navigation, Homing
- Domestication and Behavioral Changes
- 3
- Biological Clocks: Concept, Key Aspects, Diurnal Rhythm, Ultradian Rhythm, Infradian Rhythm
Methods of Studying Animal Behaviour [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Economic Zoology [30 Notes- 4% Effort]
Apiculture [4 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Apiculture: Honeybee, Social Organization and Morphology
- Apiculture: Species and Management: Different Species of Honey Bees, Management of Bee Keeping, Extraction of Honey
- 2
- Apiculture: Economic Importance
- Apiculture: Diseases and Pests
Sericulture [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Sericulture; Species of Silkworms, Mulberry Silkworm, Life History of Bombyx Mori
- Methodology of Sericulture, Post Cocoon Processing, Silk Production in India and Silk Research Institute
- 2
- Sericulture: Mulberry Silkworm, Non-Mulberry Silk Worms, Tasar Silk Worm, Muga Silk Worm, Eri Silk Worm
Lac Culture [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Carp Culture [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Carp Culture: Pond Preparation, Spawning, Brooders, Stocking
- Carp Culture: Post-Stocking, Harvesting, Reproduction
Pearl Culture [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Prawn Culture [6 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Prawn Culture
- Aquaculture: Types, Mariculture, Fish Farming, Algaculture, Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) , Inland Pond Culture, Recirculating Systems, Open-Net Pen and Cage Systems, Flow-Through/Raceway, Captive, Culture
- 2
- Prawn Culture: Topography
- Prawn Culture: Climate, Nursery, Holding, Indoor, Outdoor Nursery Facilities, Water Quality and Supply, Harvest of Post-Larvae
- 3
- Prawn Culture: Pond Management, Grow Out Phase, Stocking
- Prawn Culture: Health & Handling, Post Harvest Handling, Handling Prawns to be Sold Fresh, Handling Prawns to be Sold Frozen
Major Infectious and Communicable Diseases [7 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- AIDS: Mode of Infection, Symptoms, Symptoms in Females, Opportunistic Infections, Diagnosis, Prevention, Treatment
- Malaria: Malaria Parasites, Life Cycle
- 2
- Malaria: Treatment, Beneficial Effects of Malaria
- Filaria: Pathogens, Life Cycle, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Nodulectomy
- 3
- Cholera: History, Cholera Toxin, Transmission, Colonization of Intestine, Vaccines, Treatment
- Tuberculosis: History, Mode of Infection, Pathology
- 4
- Tuberculosis: Diagnosis, Treatment, Summary
Cattle and Livestock Diseases, Pathogens and Vectors [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Cattle and Livestock Diseases, Pathogen and Vectors: Bacterial Diseases, Viral Diseases
- Cattle and Livestock Diseases, Pathogen and Vectors: Metbolic Diseases, Parasitic Diseases
Pests of Sugar Cane [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Oil Seed [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Rice [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Biostatistics [107 Notes- 8% Effort]
Designing of Experiments [17 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Designing of Experiments
- Sampling Techniques: Laws of Statistics
- 2
- Sampling Techniques: Sample Size and Sampling Fraction
- Sampling Techniques: Sampling Design
- 3
- Sampling Techniques: Types of Samples
- Sampling Techniques: Purposeful Sampling
- 4
- Normal Distribution, Its Characteristics and Uses: Frequency Distribution Curves
- Normal Distribution, Its Characteristics and Uses: Properties of Normal Distribution, Test of Normalcy of a Distribution, Uses of Normal Distribution in Geography, Standardized Normal Distribution
- 5
- Sampling Methods: Probability Sampling Methods, Non-Probability Sampling Methods, Size of the Sample, Sampling Error and Size of the Sample
- Basic Sampling and Test of Significance for Large Samples: Simple Random Sampling, Sampling Distributions, Important Sampling Distributions, Level of Significance, One Tail Test or Two Tail Test
- 6
- Sampling: Advantages of Sampling Methods
- Experimental Design: Principles of Experimental Design
- 7
- Experimental Design: Types of Experimental Designs
- Experimental Design: Blind Experiment and Pre-Experimental Design
- 8
- Experimental Design: Quasi-Experimental Design
- Experimental Design: True Experimental Design
- 9
- Important Concepts in Research: Nocebo and Novelty Effect
Null Hypothesis [7 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Hypothesis: Important Definitions and Types of Hypothesis
- Hypothesis: Characteristics and Formulation of Hypothesis
- 2
- Hypothesis: Reasons for Formulating a Poor Hypothesis and Criteria of Good Hypothesis
- Hypothesis: Dimensions of Hypothesis
- 3
- Hypothesis: Conditions for Good Hypothesis and Steps in Testing Hypothesis
- Hypothesis: Functions & Importance of Hypothesis
- 4
- Hypothesis: Errors in in Accepting or Rejecting Hypothesis
Correlation, Regression, Measures of Central Tendency [37 Notes- 2% Effort]
- 1
- Statistical Analysis, Measures of Centrals Tendency
- Special Correlation Methods: Biserial Correlation Coefficient
- 2
- Special Correlation Methods: Point Biserial Correlation
- Special Correlation Methods: Tetrachoric Correlation
- 3
- Special Correlation Methods: Phi Coefficient
- Distributions: Probability Distributions
- 4
- Frequency Distribution & Skewness: Coefficient of Skewness (SK)
- Measures of Central Tendency: Mean and Median
- 5
- Measures of Central Tendency: Mode and Weighted Mean
- Measures of Central Tendency: Harmonic and Geometric Mean
- 6
- Measures of Variation or Dispersion: Range and Mean Deviation
- Measures of Variation or Dispersion: Variance and Standard Deviation
- 7
- Measures of Variation or Dispersion: Bias and Measures of Relative Dispersion
- Measuring Association Among Attributes: Covariance and Correlation
- 8
- Measuring Association Among Attributes: Regression Analysis
- Probability Basics
- 9
- Measures of Dispersion and Moments: Dispersion, Range, Measures of Dispersion: Mean Deviation and Standard Deviation
- Measures of Dispersion and Moments: Calculation of SD in Frequency Distribution, Short Cut Method for Computation of Variance, Uses of Parameters of Dispersion, Measures of Moments (Skewness and Kurtosis)
- 10
- Probability and Probability Distribution Function: Probability, Axioms of Probability, Probability of Compound Events, Probability Distributions
- Introduction to Bivariate Linear Regression Analysis: Empirical Relationship, Bivariate Linear Regression Analysis, Principle of Least Square Bivariate Case, Testing in a Regression Line, Coefficient of Determination
- 11
- Multiple Linear Regression Analysis: Regression Analysis, Bivariate Regression Analysis, Principle of Least Square, Multiple Linear Regression Analysis through Matrix Algebra, Need for Step Wise Regression Analysis
- Regression Residual Mapping: Introduction Regression Residual Analysis, Regression Residual Values and Their Grouping for Mapping
- 12
- Correlation โ Scatter Diagram, Correlation Coefficient
- Pearsonีs Product Moment Correlation
- 13
- Point Biserial Correlation and Its Applications
- Partial Correlation โ Assumptions and Formula
- 14
- Spearman Rank Order Correlation
- Kendall Rank Order Correlation Coefficient - Tau
- 15
- Two Independent Correlation and Comparison
- Correlation: Linear Correlation & Product Moment Correlation Coefficient
- 16
- Regression Models: Factors, Assumptions and Applications
- Regression Analysis & Its Need
- 17
- Linear Model and Regression
- Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median
- 18
- Measures of Central Tendency: Mode, Weighted Mean, Harmonic Mean, Geometric Mean
- Measuring Association Among Attributes: Covariance, Correlation, Linear and Curvilinear Correlation
- 19
- Measuring Association Among Attributes: Regression Analysis
Chi Square, Student T-Test, F-Test [46 Notes- 4% Effort]
- 1
- Kruskal-Wallis Test: Assumptions
- Kruskal-Wallis Test: Method of the Test
- 2
- Friedman Test: Assumptions and Steps in Friedman Test
- Inferential Statistics: Important Definitions
- 3
- Important Statistical Tests
- Measuring Association Among Attributes: T-Tests
- 4
- Measuring Association Among Attributes: ANOVA or F-Test
- Measuring Association Among Attributes: Chi-Square
- 5
- Measuring Association Among Attributes: Multiple Regression
- Factor Analysis: Aspects of Factor Analysis
- 6
- Factor Analysis: Advantages and Disadvantages of Factor Analysis
- Factor Analysis: Uses of Factor Analysis
- 7
- Factor Analysis: Types of Factor Analysis
- Factor Analysis: FA and PCA
- 8
- Factor Analysis: Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
- Factor Analysis: Process of FA
- 9
- Test of Significance Based on Small Samples: Studentีs T Test for One Sample, Studentีs T Test for Two Sample
- Analysis of Variance: Calculation of Total Variation and Variation between Sample from Different Universe, Two Way Analysis of Variance
- 10
- Application of Chi Square Analysis: Introduction, Degrees of Freedom, the Level of Significance, Application of Chi Square Test, Uses of Chi Square Test, Limitation of the Method
- Principal Component Analysis and Eigen Value Weighs for Aggression: Eigen Value and Eigen Vector of a Symmetric Vector, Properties, Computation of Eigen Values and Vectors
- 11
- Principal Component Analysis and Eigen Value Weights: Construction of Composite Index, Principal Component Analysis, Identification of Dimensions: Interpretation of PCA
- Mapping the Principal Components (Aggregated Factors) : Mapping of Principal Component
- 12
- Factor Analysis- A Tool for Synthesizing Phenomena: Characteristics of Factor Analysis
- Methods of Inferring the Latent Roots in the Factor Analysis: Procedure of Factor Analysis
- 13
- Parametric Tests: Assumptions and Errors
- Non- Parametric Tests: Assumptions, Advantages, Disadvantages
- 14
- Z-Test & T-Test
- T-Test & Types โ Steps & Hypothesis Testing
- 15
- ANOVA: Assumptions, Applications, Models
- Two Way ANOVA โ Types, Assumptions, Models & Procedures
- 16
- Chi-Square Test โ Goodness of Fit & Chi Square Test of Independence
- Mann-Whitney U Test
- 17
- Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test for Matched Pairs
- Chi- Square Test of Contingencies โ Applications, Assumptions and Steps
- 18
- Krushal Wallis Test โ Non Parametric Test
- Friedman Two-Way ANOVA
- 19
- Multivariate Analysis, Design & Techniques
- Multiple Regression and Applications
- 20
- ANCOVA: Uses, Process & Assumptions
- ANCOVA: Applications
- 21
- MANOVA vs ANOVA
- Cluster Analysis
- 22
- Principal Component Analysis: Goals, Applications, Data Sets, Issues
- Structural Equation Modelling
- 23
- Factor Analysis: Methods & Extraction of Factors
- Research Methods &Hypothesis in Resource Management: Introduction, Data, Techniques, Methodology and Research, Hypothesis
Instrumental Methods [15 Notes- 2% Effort]
Spectrophotometry [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Flame Photometry [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Geiger-Muller Counter [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Scintillation Counting [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Electron Microscopy (TEM, SEM) [7 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Electron Microscope
- Electron Microscope: Scanning and Transmission Microscopes
- 2
- Freeze-Etch and Freeze-Fracture Methods for EM
- Image Processing Methods in Microscopy: Image Enhancement, Segmentation, Feature Extraction, Image Registration, 3D Reconstruction
- 3
- Image Processing Methods in Microscopy: Image Filtering, Machine Learning, Image Annotation and Visualization, Image Analysis Software, Quantitative Analysis, Machine Vision
- Scanning and Transmission Microscopes
- 4
- Different Fixation and Staining Techniques for EM
Cell Biology [56 Notes- 7% Effort]
Structure and Function of Cell and Its Organelles [25 Notes- 3% Effort]
- 1
- Peroxisomes: Functions- Assembly of Peroxisomes, Beta- Oxidation
- Plastid: Types of Plastid, Functions of Plastids
- 2
- Chloroplast
- Cellular Organization: Microtubules, Microfilaments
- 3
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Golgi Complex
- 4
- Lysosomes
- Mitochondria
- 5
- Cellular Organization: Vacuoles
- Cellular Organization: Peroxisomes
- 6
- Cellular Organization: Plastids & Its Types
- Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
- 7
- Cellular Organization: Structural Organization and Function of Intracellular Organelles
- Chloroplasts: Structure and Composition, Functions
- 8
- Chloroplasts: Semiautonomous Nature, Origin of Chloroplast, Chloroplast DNA, Marker Enzymes in Chloroplast
- Structure & Function of Cytoskeleton and Its Role in Motility
- 9
- Structural Organization and Intracellular Organelles
- Structural Organization and Function of Intracellular Organelles
- 10
- Mitochondria: Structure and Composition, Functions
- Mitochondria: Semi-Autonomous Nature, Proteins Synthesized Within Mitochondria, Mitochondrial DNA, and Marker Enzymes, the Endosymbiotic Theory
- 11
- Nucleus: Structural Components of the Nucleus
- Nucleus: The Nuclear Membrane
- 12
- Nucleus: Functions of the Nucleus, Structure and Function of Nuclear Sub-Compartments
- Lysosomes: Functions, Polymorphism in Lysosomes
- 13
- Vacuoles: Primary Functions, the Origin of Vocuoles
Cell Division Mitosis and Meiosis [10 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Mitosis (Equational Division)
- Mitosis (Equational Division) Stages of M Phase Stage 1: Karyokinesis
- 2
- Mitosis (Equational Division) Stages of M Phase Stage 2: Cytokinesis
- Meiosis: Biological Significance of Meiosis
- 3
- Regulation of Cell Cycle: Cell Cycle Checkpoints
- Regulation of Cell Cycle: Role of Regulator Molecules of the Cell Cycle, Regulation of Cell Cycle by Protein Kinase
- 4
- Regulation of Cell Cycle: Mechanism of Cdk Regulation, Important Components of Cdk Regulation
- Steps of the Cell Cycle: Determining the Duration of the S-Phase
- 5
- Regulation and Control of Cell Cycle: Checkpoints, Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs)
- Regulation and Control of Cell Cycle: Regulatory Proteins, Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitors, Anaphase Promoting Complex
Watson-Crick Model of DNA [21 Notes- 3% Effort]
- 1
- Transcription Activator and Repressor
- Formation of Initiation Complex: Interaction between the DNA and Its Binding Proteins
- 2
- Formation of Initiation Complex: The DNA-Protein Interactions During Transcription Initiation Process
- Transcription Factors and Machinery: Transcription Factors
- 3
- Transcription Factors and Machinery: Transcription Machinery
- Ribosome
- 4
- Formation of Initiation Complex
- Initiation Factors and Their Regulation
- 5
- Elongation and Elongation Factors
- Termination: ERF-1 and ERF-3 Interactions & Ternary Complex Formation, Recognition of Stop Codon, Regulation of Termination, Regulation of Termination, New Insights and Factors
- 6
- Genetic Code
- Aminoacylation of TRNA: Aminoacyl-TRNA Synthesis Evolution
- 7
- Aminoacylation of TRNA: Aminoacylation
- Fidelity of Replication: Base Substitution Fidelity
- 8
- Fidelity of Replication: Replication Errors Involving the Strand Misalignments, Accessory Proteins Contribution to Fidelity, Multiprotein Replication Complexes Fidelity, DNA Repair Fidelity
- TRNA Identity
- 9
- Aminoacyl TRNA Synthetase
- Translational Proof-Reading
- 10
- Translational Inhibitors
- Post- Translational Modification of Proteins
- 11
- Replication Origin and Replication Fork
Genetics [83 Notes- 9% Effort]
Gene Structure and Functions [7 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Alleles
- Complementation Test
- 2
- Basic Terms Used in Inheritance Studies
- Pseudo-Allele
- 3
- Fine Structure Analysis of Genes
- Fine Structure Analysis of Genes: DNA Sequencing and Exon, Intron Mapping, Splicing and Polyadenylation Analysis
- 4
- Interrupted Gene
Genetic Code [8 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Heterochromatin: Formation of Chromatin Fibre
- Heterochromatin: Constitutive Chromatin
- 2
- Gene Interactions
- Gene Families: Othologous Gene Families, Paralogous Gene Families
- 3
- Gene Families: Multigene Families, Pseudogenes
- Operon: Concept of Operon
- 4
- Operon: Tryptophan Operon
- Structure of Chromatin and Chromosomes
Sex Chromosomes and Sex Determination [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Mendel's Laws of Inheritance [18 Notes- 2% Effort]
- 1
- Linkage, Linkage Maps
- Multiple Alleles
- 2
- Human ABO Blood Group System: Genetics of Human Blood Group
- Human ABO Blood Group System: Non-Allelic Interaction in the Expression of ABO Blood System, ABO Blood Group System and Blood Transfusion
- 3
- Human Rh Blood Group System, Maternal-Foetal Rh-Incompatibility and Erythroblastosis Fetalis Human MN Blood Group System
- Genetics, Cistron Concept: GENE, Cistron, Mechanism of Gene Expression, Genetic Code
- 4
- Features of the Genetic Code
- Mendelีs Law of Inheritance: Recombination, Homologous Recombination- Holliday Model for Homologous Recombination, Meselson-Radding Modification
- 5
- Mendelีs Law of Inheritance: Recombination, Homologous Recombination- Double-Strand Break Model, Proteins Involved in Homologous Recombination in E. Coli
- Crossing over
- 6
- Kinds, Frequency and Factors Affecting of Crossing over
- Linkage
- 7
- Notes Multiple Alleles, Multiple Allelic Blood Group Systems
- Incomplete Dominance and Co โ Dominance
- 8
- Inheritance Biology, Extensions of Mendelian Principles, Codominance
- Sex Linkage in Mendelian Principles
- 9
- Linkage Maps: Genetic Linkage, Concept, Types
- Homologous and Non-Homologous Recombination
Mutations and Mutagenesis [8 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Causes and Detection
- Causes and Detection: Detection of Mutation, Tools to Detect Mutation
- 2
- Types of Mutation
- Biochemical, Loss of Function, Gain of Function
- 3
- Germinal Verses Somatic Mutants
- Insertional Mutagenesis
- 4
- Insertional Mutagenesis: Types of Insertional Mutagenesis: Gene Knock in Intertion and CRISPR-Cas9 Insertional Mutagenesis
- Mutant Types โ Lethal, Conditional
Cloning Technology [18 Notes- 2% Effort]
- 1
- Applications of Biotechnology in Transgenic Plants and Animals and Implications
- Transgenic Animals
- 2
- Plasmids and Cosmids as Vectors
- Cloning DNA Sequence
- 3
- DNA Sequence Cloning
- Steps of DNA Cloning
- 4
- DNA Transcription in Eukaryotes
- Transposons: Transposons and Retrotransposons, Drosophila Transposons
- 5
- Transposons: Mechanism of Transposition, Types of Transposable Elements
- Transposons: Importance of Transposable Elements
- 6
- Generation of Genomic Libraries
- Generation of CDNA Libraries: Concept, Difference between Genomic and CDNA Library
- 7
- Isolation of Specific Nucleic Acid Sequences
- Molecular Cloning of DNA or RNA Fragments
- 8
- DNA Sequencing Methods
- Expression of Recombinant Proteins
- 9
- Methods for Analysis of Gene Expression
- Transgenic Animals and Plants
Gene Expression in Pro and Eukaryotes [9 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Molecular Mechanism of Gene Expression
- Transcription in Prokaryotes: Initiation, Elongation, Termination
- 2
- Transcription in Eukaryotes
- Post-Transcriptional Modification or Processing of Eukaryotic Pre-MRNA
- 3
- Genetic Translation (Protein Biosynthesis) : Mechanism of Protein Synthesis- Recognition, Activation and Adaptation of Amino Acids, Codon-Anticodon Pairing
- Genetic Translation (Protein Biosynthesis) : Mechanism of Protein Synthesis- Genetic Translation, Initiation, Elongation
- 4
- Genetic Translation (Protein Biosynthesis) : Mechanism of Protein Synthesis- Genetic Translation, Termination, Post-Translational Modifications, Chaperones and Folding of Polypeptides
- Genetic Translation (Protein Biosynthesis) : Reverse Transcription
- 5
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) : Penetrance and Expressivity
Signal Transduction [12 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Pedigree Analysis
- Congenital Diseases in Man: Mutation, Autosomal Abnormalities, Sex Chromosomal Abnormalities
- 2
- Single Gene Mutations and Congenital Disorders- Sickle-Cell Anaemia
- Single Gene Mutations and Congenital Disorders- Thalassaemia (Cooleyีs Anaemia or Microcyte-Mia) , Tay-Sachs Disease (TSD) , Gaucherีs Disease
- 3
- Single Gene Mutations and Congenital Disorders: Biochemical Genetics and Inborn Metabolic Disorders
- Phenylalanine-Tyrosine Metabolism
- 4
- Autosomal Dominant Disorders, Sex-Linked Recessive Disorders, Sex-Linked Dominant Disorders
- Polygenic or Multifactorial Disorders
- 5
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) : Pedigree Analysis
- Genetic Disorders: Concept, Autosomal Dominant Condition
- 6
- Genetic Disorders: Autosomal Condition
- Genetic Disorders: X Linked Dominant Disorders
Human Genome Mapping [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Evolution [40 Notes- 4% Effort]
Origin of Life [10 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Concept of Oparin and Haldane
- Experiment of Miller (1953)
- 2
- Abiotic Synthesis of Organic Monomers and Polymers: Concept, Abiotic Synthesis of Proteins and Nucleic Acids
- Abiotic Synthesis of Organic Monomers and Polymers: Abiotic Synthesis of Sugars, Abiotic Synthesis of Lipids, Abiotic Synthesis of Genetic Polymers (RNA World Hypothesis)
- 3
- Anaerobic Metabolism, Photosynthesis and Aerobic Metabolism
- Evolution of Prokaryotes: Concept, Origin of Bacteria, Origin of Archea, Origin of Cyanobacteria
- 4
- Origin of Basic Biological Molecules
- Origin of Eukaryotic Cells
- 5
- Evolution of Unicellular Eukaryotes
- The First Cell: Concept of the Origin, Theories Supporting the Origin
Natural Selection, Mutation, Mimicry, Variation, Isolation, Speciation [7 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Darwinism
- Natural Selection
- 2
- Lamarckism
- Speciation and Allopatricity and Sympatricity
- 3
- Spontaneity of Mutations
- Isolating Mechanisms: Concept, Types
- 4
- Isolating Mechanisms: Speciation
Fossils and Fossilization [10 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Evolution of Horse: Time and Place of Origin, Evolutionary Trends
- Evolution of Horse: Phylogeny- Hyracotherium (Also Called โEohippusโ ) , Orohippus (Mountain Horse) , Mesohippus (Intermediate Horse) , Miohippus ( โLesser Horseโ ) , Parahippus
- 2
- Evolution of Horse: Phylogeny- Merychippus (Ruminant Horse) , Hipparion, Pliohippus (Pliocene Horse) , Dinohippus, Plesippus, Equus (Modern Horse)
- Evolution of Elephant
- 3
- Evolution of Modern Man: Evolutionary Trends
- Evolution of Modern Man: Evolutionary Trends- Different Stages of Evolution of Modern Man
- 4
- The Evolutionary Time Scale
- Stages in Primate Evolution Including Homo: Concept, Dryopithecus, Ramapithecus, Australopithecus, Homo Habilis, Homo Erectus
- 5
- Stages in Primate Evolution Including Homo: Neanderthals, Cromagnon, Homo Sapiens
- Molecular Tools in Phylogeny, Classification and Identification
Hardy-Weinberg Law, Gene Frequency [8 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Hardy-Weinbergีs Law
- Hardy-Weinberg Law
- 2
- Adaptive Radiation
- Co-Evolution: Concept, Types- Mutualistic
- 3
- Co-Evolution: Types- Antagonistic, Host Parasite
- Convergent Evolution: Overview, Mechanisms, Difference between Parallel Evolution and Convergent Evolution
- 4
- Gene Frequency: Concept, Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium, Allele Frequencies, Genotype Frequencies
- Sexual Selection: Concept, Fisherian Runaway, Factors Affecting Sexual Selection
Continental Drift and Distribution of Animals [5 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Systematics [6 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Zoological Nomenclature [6 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Biochemistry [87 Notes- 8% Effort]
Carbohydrates, Fats, Lipids, Proteins, Aminoacids, Nucleic Acids [55 Notes- 4% Effort]
- 1
- Composition, Structure and Function of Monosaccharides
- Carbohydrate Introduction: Types of Carbohydrates
- 2
- Composition, Structure and Function of Oligosaccharide: Lactose, Sucrose
- Carbohydrates Glossary: Carbohydrate Composition, Aldehyde and Ketones
- 3
- Carbohydrates Glossary 2: Isomer, Stereoisomer, Enantiomer, Diastereomers, Epimer, Anomer
- Composition, Structure and Function of Hetero Polysaccharide: Mucopolysaccharides or Glycosaminoglycan (GAGีs) , Types of GAGีs, Dermatin Sulphate, Keratin Sulphate, Heparin, Glycoproteins
- 4
- Composition, Structure and Function of Polysaccharide
- Functions of Polysaccharides Storage and Polysaccharide
- 5
- Glycoprotein, Classification of Glycoproteins, N-Glycosylation
- Glycoprotein Functions, Diseases Associated with Glycoproteins
- 6
- Lipids Glosarry: Fatty Acid, Types of Fatty Acid , Triglycerides, Nomenclature of Fatty Acid, Isomerism of Unsaturated Fatty Acids
- Neutral Glycosphingolipids or Glycosphingolipids, Lipoproteins
- 7
- Composition, Structure and Function of Biomolecules: Complex Lipids, Types of Phospholipids, Phosphatidic Acid [PA] , Phosphatidyl Choline, Functions, Phosphatidylinositol, Plasmalogens, Cardiolipin, Structure of Cardiolipin
- Sphingolipids, Sphingomyelin, Glycolipids, Glyceroglycolipid
- 8
- Derived Lipids, Steroid Nucleus or Gonane, Cis Isomer and Trans Isomer
- Simple Lipids, Characteristics of Fats and Oils, Types of Soap
- 9
- Fatty Acids, Essential Fatty Acids, Importance of EFA
- Oils and Fats, Iodine Number, Saponification Number: Significance, Reichert Meissel Number of Fat
- 10
- Simple Lipids, Formation of Triglycerides, Functions of Triglycerides
- Waxes, Natural Wax, Importance of Wax Cosmetic Industry
- 11
- Classification of Lipids: Simple Lipids, Complex Lipids, Derived Lipids
- Zoosterols, Cholesterol, Different Types of Cholesterol, Cholesterol Level in Normal, Understanding Liver and Cholesterol, Cholesterol Structure
- 12
- Derived Lipids, Steroids, Depending on Type of Subsitutent, Ergosterol an Antifungal Drug Target
- Lipids: Derived Lipids
- 13
- Lipids: Mechanism of Cardiac Glycoside
- Derived Lipids - Phytosterols
- 14
- Protein
- Misellinous Concepts of Lipids
- 15
- Double Helical Structure of DNA: Minor Groove
- Molecular Chaperones: Molecular Chaperones
- 16
- Molecular Chaperones: Heat Shock Proteins, Chaperonins
- Nucleic Acid Composition: Composition, Structure and Function of Biomolecules-Nucleic Acids
- 17
- Nucleic Acid Composition: A Nitrogenous Base, Chemistry of Purines and Pyrimidine
- Nucleic Acid Composition: Chemical Names and Structure of Purines and Pyrimidines
- 18
- Nucleic Acid Composition and Forms of DNA: A Pentose Sugar, a Phosphate Group
- Nucleic Acid Composition and Forms of DNA: Different Forms of DNA
- 19
- Proteins Folding and Denaturation: Protein Folding
- Proteins Folding and Denaturation: Protein Denaturation, Important Points to Remember
- 20
- Secondary Structure of Proteins: Secondary Structure of Proteins, Types
- Secondary Structure of Proteins: Formation of Hydrogen Bond in Alpha Helix
- 21
- Secondary Structure of Proteins, Super Secondary Structure of Proteins: The Beta Sheet
- Secondary Structure of Proteins, Super Secondary Structure of Proteins: Terms That We Come Across Mostly in Secondary Structures of Proteins, Importance
- 22
- Primary Structure of Proteins: Proteins, Structure of Proteins
- Primary Structure of Proteins: Importance of Protein, Primary Structure
- 23
- Quaternary Structure of Proteins: Structure of Hemoglobin
- Quaternary Structure of Proteins: Hemoglobin Showing All Four Structures of Protein
- 24
- Super Secondary Structures, Ramachandran Plot: Examples of Secondary Structure of Protein, Secondary Structure of Proteins
- Super Secondary Structures, Ramachandran Plot: Ramchandran Plot, Factors That Affect Ramachandran Plot Conformation
- 25
- Teritary Structure of Protein: Forces That Hold Protein in Teritary Structure
- Teritary Structure of Protein: Classification of Proteins
- 26
- Secondary Structure of Proteins and Ramachandran Plot
- Helix (a, B, Z)
- 27
- Motif and Folds: Concept, Folds
- Domains: Concept, Sh3 and Zinc Finger
- 28
- Micro-RNA: Nuclear Processing of Mi-RNA, MiRNA Induced Silencing
Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Cholesterol [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle [5 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Glycolysis: Pathway of Glycolysis, Regulation of Glycolysis, Allosteric Regulation
- Glycolysis
- 2
- Krebs Cycle
- Glycolysis
- 3
- Glycolysis: Metabolism of Fructose, the Metabolism of Galactose, Regulation of Glycolysis
Energy Conservation and Release [6 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Energy Conservation Basic Principle
- Electron Tower
- 2
- Nonheme Iron-Sulphur (Fe/S) Proteins
- Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
- 3
- Digestive System โ Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
- Oxidative Phosphorylation
ATP, Cyclic AMP - Its Structure and Role [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- ATP, CAMP -ITS Structure and Roles
- Adenosine Triphosphate Role of ATP in Biological Reactions: Adenosine Triphosphate
- 2
- Adenosine Triphosphate Role of ATP in Biological Reactions: Role of ATP in Biological Reactions
Hormone Classification [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Biosynthesis and Function [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Vitamins: Fat Soluble Vitamins: Vitamin a (Retinol) and Water-Soluble Vitamins
- Vitamins
- 2
- Water Soluble Vitamins
Enzymes [8 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Enzymes: Types and Mechanism of Action
- Vitamins and Coenzymes
- 2
- Enzymes
- Mechanism of Enzyme Action and Kinetics of Enzyme Catalysis
- 3
- Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics
- Enzyme Regulation: Concept, Allosteric Regulation
- 4
- Enzyme Regulation: Cooperativity, Models of Cooperativity, Feedback Inhabitation
- Mechanism of Enzyme Catalysis
Bioenergetics [4 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Physiology [79 Notes- 9% Effort]
Composition and Constituents of Blood [20 Notes- 2% Effort]
- 1
- Blood Groups and RH Factor in Humans
- Coagulation, Factors and Mechanism of Coagulation
- 2
- Thermoregulation
- Blood Groups: Classical ABO Blood Group
- 3
- Blood Groups: (Rhesus) Rh Blood Groups, M and N Blood Groups
- Haemopoiesis and Formed Elements: Erythropoieisis,
- 4
- Haemopoiesis and Formed Elements: Leucopoiesis
- Plasma Functions: Origin of Plasma Proteins, Forms of Plasma Proteins and Their Functions
- 5
- Plasma Functions: Variations in Plasma Protein Concentration, the Functions of Plasma Proteins
- Blood Corpuscles: Red Blood Cell (RBC) , White Blood Cell (WBC) or Leucocyte, Thrombocytes
- 6
- Acid-Base Balance: The Role of Kidney -Bicarbonate System, Dibasic Buffer System, Ammonia System
- Haemostasis: Physiology of Clotting
- 7
- Blood Circulation & Blood Volume
- Stress and Adaptation
- 8
- Thermoregulation-Acclimatization
- Thermoregulation-Comfort Zone
- 9
- Thermoregulation: Role of Brain
- Thermoregulation-Physical Regulation
- 10
- Thermoregulation-Chemical Regulation
- Thermoregulation-Neural Regulation
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport [14 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport
- Transport of Oxygen
- 2
- Transport of Carbon Dioxide
- Comparison of Respiration in Different Species: The Gaseous Exchange in Animals through Diffusion, Gas Exchange in Cockroach, Spiracles
- 3
- Comparison of Respiration in Different Species: The Mechanism of Gas Exchange, Respiratory System in Mammals, Mechanism of Respiration
- Transport of Gases: Transport of Oxygen- Carriage of Oxygen
- 4
- Transport of Gases: Factors Affecting the Oxygen Dissociation Curve, Carriage of Oxygen in the Body- Shift to Right & Left, in the Tissues
- Transport of Gases: Carbon Dioxide Transport- Carriage of CO2 in the Blood, in Dissolved Form, in the Form Bicarbonate, in Combination with Amino Group of Proteins
- 5
- Waste Elimination: Outline Diagrammatic Scheme of Respiration
- Anatomical Considerations
- 6
- Neural and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
- Exchange of Gases
- 7
- Neural (Dorsal, Ventral and Pneumatic) and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
- Respiratory System- Waste Elimination
Haemoglobin [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Nutritive Requirements [8 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Absorption: Absorption of Carbohydrate, Absorption of Amino Acid, Absorption of Fats
- Adrenal Gland or Emergency Gland
- 2
- Endocrine Glands
- Digestion
- 3
- Thyroid Gland
- Another Endocrine Gland
- 4
- Parathyroid Hormone: Endocrinology, Reproduction, and Disorders
- Pituitary Gland
Excretory Products [12 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Nephron and Regulation of Urine Formation
- Osmoregulation
- 2
- Comparative Physiology of Excretion
- Excretory System
- 3
- Electrolyte Balance
- Kidney
- 4
- Micturition
- Regulation of Water Balance: Control of JGA and Water Excretion
- 5
- Urine Concentration: Counter Current Multipliers, DCT and Collecting Duct
- Urine Formation: Autoregulation of the Rate of Glomerular Filtrate (GFR)
- 6
- Excretory System- Waste Elimination
- Excretory System- Electrolyte Balance
Types of Muscles, Mechanism of Contraction [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Types of Muscles, Mechanism of Contraction
- Specialized Tissue: In Our Body Blood Are Passes through the Fixed Route
Neuron, Nerve Impulse and Synaptic Transmission [11 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Neuron, Nerve Impulse and Synaptic Transmission
- Gross Neuroanatomy of the Brain and Spinal Cord: Human Brain
- 2
- Action Potential
- Central and Peripheral Nervous System
- 3
- Neurons
- Nervous System: Gross Neuroanatomy of the Brain and Spinal Cord
- 4
- Nervous System: Gross Neuroanatomy of the Brain and Spinal Cord (Subdivisions)
- Nervous System- Central Nervous System
- 5
- Nervous System- Peripheral Nervous System
- Nervous System: Neural Control of Muscle Tone and Posture
- 6
- Nervous System: Neural Control of Muscle Tone and Posture (Muscle Spindle, Muscle Tone & Golgi Tendon Organ)
Vision, Hearing and Olfaction in Man [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Human Ear: Anatomy of Ear, Physiology of Ear, Mechanism of Hearing, Mechanism of Maintaining Equilibrium
- Hearing and Tactile Response
- 2
- Vision: Structure of the Eye and Working of the Eye, Accommodation
Mechanism of Hormone Action [5 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Mechanism of Hormone Action
- Pineal Gland
- 2
- Thyroid and Parathyroid Gland
- Adrenal Gland: Disorders of Adrenal Cortex
- 3
- Pancreas: Hormones and Diseases
Physiology of Reproduction, Role of Hormones and Phermones [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Developmental Biology [64 Notes- 7% Effort]
Differentiation from Gamete to Neurula Stage [9 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Introduction to Embryogenesis: Step 1 to 4
- Introduction to Embryogenesis: Step 5 - Making Tubes
- 2
- Introduction to Embryogenesis: Step 6 and 7 - Neurulation
- Gastrulation and Formation of Germ Layers in Animals: Morphogenetic Cell Movement, Concept of Germ Layer
- 3
- Cleavage: The Plane of Cleavage, Patterns of Cleavage
- Cleavage: Determinate Cleavage, Influence of Yolk on Cleavage
- 4
- Embryonic Fields
- Production of Gametes
- 5
- Zygote Formation: Concept, Stages, Genes Involved
Dedifferentiation [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Metaplasia, Induction, Morphogenesis and Morphogen [9 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Metaplasia: Examples, Mechanism and Types
- Induction
- 2
- Induction & Specificity
- Morphogenesis: Types & Mechanism
- 3
- Morphogenesis, General Features (Part 2)
- Morphogenesis, General Features (Part 3)
- 4
- Embryogenesis: Human Fertilization is an Internal Process, Zygote
- Embryogenesis, Gametogenesis, Fertilization and Early Development
- 5
- Post Embryonic Development-Larval Formation
Fate Maps of Gastrulae in Frog and Chick [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Organogenesis of Eye and Heart, Placentation in Mammals [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Limb Development and Regeneration in Vertebrates - Types and Mechanism
- Limb Development and Regeneration in Vertebrates: Epimorphosis, Morphallaxis, Wolffian Regeneration
Role of Cytoplasm [32 Notes- 3% Effort]
- 1
- Neoplasia, Role of Cytoplasm
- Characteristics of Cancer Cells
- 2
- Origin of Cancer (Carcinogenesis) - Clonal Evolution Theory Origin Cancer [Single Origin Cancer] , Causes of Carcinogenesis
- Origin of Cancer (Carcinogenesis) - Theories of Carcinogenesis
- 3
- Neoteny and Paedogenesis: Basic Difference between Neoteny and Paedogenesis
- Neoteny and Paedogenesis: Different Types of Neoteny
- 4
- Regeneration, Role of Cytoplasm
- Teratogenesis- General Characteristics
- 5
- Teratogenesis- Different Types of Teratogens and Their Consequences, Alcohol, Thalidomide as a Teratogen, Heavy Metals, Endocrine Disruptors
- Teratogenesis- Different Types of Teratogens and Their Consequences, Environmental Estrogen, Bisphenol a
- 6
- Causation of Metamorphosis in Frog and Insects
- Metamorphosis in Insects- Changes During Metamorphosis Are Accomplished by 2 Processes-Histolysis & Histogenesis, Ametabolous, Hemimetabolous
- 7
- Metamorphosis in Insects- Holometabolous, Imaginal Disc, Drosophila Development, Differentiation of Leg Disc, Hormonal Control of Metamorphosis
- Ageing: Senescence & Life Expectancy
- 8
- Ageing: Causes โ Oxidative Damage, Mitochondrial Damage & Telomere Shortening
- Introduction to Blastogenesis: What is Blastogenesis, What Has to be Done is the Regeneration of Missing Parts
- 9
- Introduction to Blastogenesis: The Special Difficulties Encountered
- Comparison of Blastogenesis and Embryogenesis
- 10
- Introduction to Cell Growth
- Cell Degrowth, Ageing: Characteristics, Characteristics of Ageing, Changes Associated with Ageing
- 11
- Causes of Ageing
- Introduction to Apoptosis
- 12
- Cell Lineage and Model Organism
- Techniques of Fate Mapping and Insights into Cell Lineages
- 13
- Blastula Formation
- Morphogenetic Gradients: Key Features and Singling Molecules
- 14
- Morphogenetic Gradients: Concentration Gradient and Patterning Gradient
- Amphibia and Chick: Fertilization and Cleavage in Chick, Gastrulation in Chick, Steps of Gastrulation in Chick Embryo
- 15
- Amphibia and Chick: Fertilization and Cleavage in Amphibians, Gastrulation in Amphibian Embryo
- Metamorphosis, Morphogenesis and Organogenesis in Animals: Concept, Morphological Changes Associated with Metamorphosis
- 16
- Metamorphosis, Morphogenesis and Organogenesis in Animals: Biochemical Changes Associated with Metamorphosis
- Organogenesis -Vulva Formation in Caenorhabditis Elegans
Invasiveness of Placenta [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
In Vitro Fertilization [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- In Vitro Fertilization: Super Ovulation
- In Vitro Fertilization: Cryopreservation of Embryos, Test Tube Babies
- 2
- Mutants and Transgenics in Analysis of Development