Genetics, Molecular Biology and Evolution-Mutation [IFS (Forest Services) Botany]: Questions 1 - 8 of 11

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Question 1

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Give two popular examples where genetic differences influence induction of mutation. (Paper 2, Section A)

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Explanation

What is Mutation?

  • A mutation is a permanent change in the sequence of DNA.
  • Mutations are physical changes in genes and chromosomes.
  • They may be confined to a single cell or may be transmitted from one cell to another within a multicellular organism or may be transmitted from one generation to another through mutation in the gametes.

Induction of Mutati…

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Question 2

Appeared in Year: 2014

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

With U՚s triangle explains the role of amphiploides in evolution of crop plants. (Paper 2)

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Explanation

Role of Amphiploides in Evolution of Crop Plants

  • An allopolyploid resulting due to chromosome doubling in a sterile hybrid derived from hybridization between two unrelated diploid species is also called as “amphidiploid” . And if the paternal species are polyploids the derivation will be called as “amphipolypliod” .
  • Allopolyploidy is the product of i…

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Question 3

Appeared in Year: 2014

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

How is a tertiary trisomic identified? Draw and describe various disjunctional possibilities of the chromosome associations formed during meiosis in tertiary trisomic. (Paper 2)

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Explanation

Tertiary Trisomic

  • When an individual have an extra chromosome by translocation than it is called tertiary trisomic.
  • The extra chromosome ends are homologous to the end of two different chromosome that are non-homologous.
  • Because the reciprocal translocation have two type of trans-located chromosome there are two different type of tertiary trisomic are…

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Question 4

Appeared in Year: 2014

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

With the help of well-established example explain Transversion. (Paper 2)

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Explanation

Transversion

  • The substitution mutation when involves the substitution or replacement of a purine with a pyrimidine or vice versa then that type of substitution mutation is called Trans version.
  • It can be spontaneous or can be caused by ionising radiation.

For Example

Depurination Can be Produce Transversion Mutations

  • Originally G pairs with C in dsDNA.
  • I…

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Question 5

Appeared in Year: 2017

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Describe the number and structural variations in chromosome. Add a note on their significance.

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Explanation

Chromosomes

  • Changes in chromosome number or structure is called variations in chromosome.
  • Variations in chromosome occur due to two main reasons.

Structural Variation

Structural variations occur due to change in the structure of the chromosome.

Deletion

  • In deletion the part of chromosome or sequence of DNA is left out during replication.
  • Any number of nuc…

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Question 6

Appeared in Year: 2017

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Explain the bio-chemical and molecular basis of mutations.

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Explanation

Molecular Basis of Mutation

There are four molecular basis of mutation.

Base Substitution

  • One base in the DNA molecule is replaced by another base.
  • Two type of base substitution
  • Transition- in transition purine replaced by purine whereas pyramidines replaced by pyramidines.
  • Transersion – in Transersion purine replaced by pyramidines and pyramidines repla…

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Question 7

Appeared in Year: 2015 (IAS)

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

What is the biochemical and molecular basis of mutations?

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Explanation

Molecular Basis of Mutation

There are four molecular bases of mutation

Base Substitution

One base in the DNA molecule is replaced by another base.

Two Type of Base Substitution

  • Transition: in transition purine replaced by purine whereas pyramidines replaced by pyramidines.
  • Transersion: in transversion purine replaced by pyramidines and pyramidines replac…

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Question 8

Appeared in Year: 2015 (IAS)

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Describe the numerical variation in chromosomes.

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Explanation

Changes in chromosome number or structure is called variations in chromosome.

Variations in chromosome occur due to two main reasons.

Numerical Variations (Euploidy)

Euploidy is a chromosomal variation that involves the entire set of chromosomes in a cell or an organism.

Types

Monoploid and Polyploidy

Monoploidy

A monoploid individual has only one set of …

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