Angiosperms-Pollination an Fertilization [IFS (Forest Services) Botany]: Questions 1 - 9 of 11
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Question 1
Appeared in Year: 2015
Describe in Detail Subjective▾
Explain what is parthenocarpy. (Paper 1, Section B)
EditExplanation
Parthenocarpy
- Parthenocarpy is the production of fruit without fertilization of an egg in the ovary.
- In botany and in horticulture, parthenocarpy means virgin fruits mean it is naturally or artificially induced fruit production without the fertilization of ovules.
- The fruit produced by parthenocarpy is seedless.
- Stenospermocarpy may also produce appare…
… (325 more words, 16 figures) …
Question 2
Appeared in Year: 2014
Describe in Detail Subjective▾
Comment on the Stratification of pollen grain walls. (Paper - 1, Section - B)
EditExplanation
Stratification of Pollen Grain Walls
- Pollen is micro gametophytes of seed plants which produce the male gametes or sperm cells.
- Pollen grains have a hard coat that protects the male gametes during the process of their movement between the stamens to the pistil of flowering plants or from the male cone to the female cone of coniferous plants.
- When poll…
… (203 more words, 6 figures) …
Question 3
Appeared in Year: 2013
Describe in Detail Subjective▾
Comment on: Double fertilization and triple fertilization in Angiosperms (Paper 1, Section B)
EditExplanation
Double and Triple Fertilization in Angiosperms
- The process of double fertilization occurs in angiosperms (flowering plants) .
- In the process of double fertilization, out of the two sperm nucleus, one sperm nucleus fuses with the egg nucleus to form an embryo in process called syngamy and another male sperm nucleus fuses with polar nuclei to form endo…
… (395 more words, 16 figures) …
Question 4
Appeared in Year: 2016
Write in Short Short Answer▾
Draw the floral diagram of Orchid of Monandrae group.
EditQuestion 5
Appeared in Year: 2016
Describe in Detail Subjective▾
Distinguish between the Cladode and Phyllode.
EditExplanation
Cladode
- It is a modification of stem in which a branch of single internode is flatted and becomes leaf like.
- The leaves reduced to scales in the axil of which develops a group of linear, acute, narrow and circular structure.
- They are green and photosynthetic.
- It is a xerophytic adaptation.
Example of cladode-Asparagus.
Phyllode
- Ph…
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Question 6
Appeared in Year: 2015 (IAS)
Describe in Detail Subjective▾
Write short note on: Self-incompatibility.
EditExplanation
Incompatibility
- When pollination is compatible. Pollen gain germinates on the stigma.
- Pollen tubes grow and enter the embryo sc.
- They release male gametes in the embryo sac.
- They eventually form seeds.
- In some cases, pollination with a viable pollen grain is not able to set seed even though the ovule has fertile egg.
Self-Incompatibility
- When pollens of s…
… (249 more words, 2 figures) …
Question 7
Appeared in Year: 2019
Describe in Detail Subjective▾
What is self-incompatibility? Discuss its importance in seed formation.
EditExplanation
Incompatibility
- When pollination is compatible. Pollen gain germinates on the stigma.
- Pollen tubes grow and enter the embryo sc.
- They release male gametes in the embryo sac.
- They eventually form seeds.
- In some cases, pollination with a viable pollen grain is not able to set seed even though the ovule has fertile egg.
Self-Incompatibility
- When pollens of s…
… (248 more words, 2 figures) …
Question 8
Appeared in Year: 2016 (IAS)
Describe in Detail Subjective▾
How anthers and pollens are cultured in vitro? Discuss its importance in the production of haploid plants.
EditExplanation
- Androgenic haploid production method is from male gametophyte of an angiosperm plant.
- Haploids can be generated from microspores through in vitro
- Haploid plants can be culture from microspore can be produced through in vitro culture of male gametophytic cells that is microspore or immature pollen.
- The mi…
… (271 more words, 11 figures) …
Question 9
Appeared in Year: 2022
Describe in Detail Subjective▾
What are the adaptation among angiosperms for cross-pollination? State the advantages and disadvantages of self-pollination. (Paper-1)
EditExplanation
Adaptations for Cross-Pollination
Nature has devised certain mechanisms to avoid self-pollination and promote cross-pollination:
- Flower Unisexuality: In plants with unisexual flowers, self-pollination is essentially impossible, and cross-pollination is unavoidable.
- Self-Sterility: Pollen grains in some plants have no impact and are thus sterile on the…
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