IFS (Forests Services) Botany (Mains): Questions 50 - 58 of 225

Xerophytic characters of Equisetum plant are:

• Presence of thick coat of cuticle all over the epidermal layer of stem.

• Photosynthetic stem having chlorenchymatous cortex.

• Stem behaving as leaves.

• Presence of small, scale like leaves with limited number of chloroplast.

• Presence of sunken stomata in groove of stem.

• Stiff epidermis and presence of ridges and

Definition:

• Transfusion tissue is lying on the vascular bundles of gymnosperm leaves and consists of both living cells like those of parenchyma with walls that are not lignified and thin-walled but lignified tracheids with bordered pits.
• Transfusion tissue is composed of tracheids with bordered pits and parenchyma cells containing tannin-like substan

Contractile vacuoles:

• Contractile vacuole is a single vacuole and osmotically collected water and then is reformed by a progressive clotting of smaller vacuoles.
• Contractile vacuoles protect a cell from absorbing too much water and potentially exploding by excreting excess water.

Contractile vacuoles in Euglena:

• Euglena is single celled organisms lacki

• Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) is also called as Citric acid cycle or Kreb’s cycle.
• Amphibolic pathway is a biochemical pathway that serves both anabolic and catabolic processes. An important example of an amphibolic pathway is the Krebs cycle, which involves both the catabolism of carbohydrates and fatty acids and the synthesis of anabolic precurso

Triple response caused by the plant hormone ethylene and plant has a decrease in longitudinal growth and a switch to horizontal growth.

Ethylene removes this auxin imbalance and helps the seedling to grow properly.

How triple response induced:

Ethylene is a phytohormone or hormone which is produced in the plant under the conditions of mechanical stres

Isotype:

• A duplicate specimen of the holotype is called isotype and it is always a specimen.

• An isotype is a biological specimen duplicate of the holotype collected in the same place and at the same time and by the same person.

• Sometimes the collection number is also the same and differentiated as a, b, c, etc.

• In fossil plants it can only be applied w

Unique features of Brassicaceae:

• Habit: Usually annual or perennial herbs.

• Root: Taproot system.

• Stem: Herbaceous, erect and branched.

• Leaves: - Simple, alternate, radical, usually entire, deeply lobed and pinnatifid (pinnately divided).

• Flowers: - Bisexual, heterochlamydeous, actinomorphic and without subtending bracts (ebracteate).

• Calyx: - 4 sepals, p