History and Problems of Philosophy-Logical Positivism [IAS (Admin.) Mains Philosophy]: Questions 1 - 6 of 10

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Question 1

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How do the logical positivists account for the meaning of general statement? Can the same account be applied to metaphysical statements? Discuss.

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Explanation

Logical Positivists and Metaphysical Statements

  • Logical positivism as a movement is traceable to Analytical Philosophy. The development of science brought about rapid changes in Philosophy. Just as science had to create its own technical vocabulary and introduce concepts (e. g. , force, mass, atom) that are more precise than those supplied by common…

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Question 2

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What are Syllogistic Fallacies of Logic? Explain the formal fallacies in detail.

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Explanation

Syllogistic Fallacies

  • In Logic, a deductive argument is valid when the conclusion follows from the premises. But there are multiple instances when a syllogism fails to establish its conclusion logically and thus renders itself invalid. It is important to be able to point out the mistakes occurring in such syllogisms. These are known as syllogistic f…

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Question 3

Appeared in Year: 2018

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How does the Logical positivist show that metaphysical sentences are meaningless? Can their verification theory of meaning account for the meaning fullness of all the scientific sentences? Discuss.

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Explanation

Metaphysics to Logical Positivism
  • Logical positivism (also called logical empiricism and neo-positivism) is a school of philosophy that combines empiricism – the idea that observational evidence is indispensable for knowledge of the world – with a version of rationalism incorporating mathematical and logico-linguistic constructs and deductions in ep…

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Question 4

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How do logical positivists show that metaphysical sentences are meaningless?

Can their verification theory of meaning account for the meaningfulness of all scientific sentences? Discuss

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Explanation

Logical Positivism is the method of philosophy which believes in Empiricism, so, it is also called Logical Empiricism and Verification-ism.

  • AJ. Ayer, Wittgenstein and Rudolf Carnap are some of the significant logical positivists. They are also known to be the members of the Vienna Circle.
  • For logic positivists the theory of verifiability of the meani…

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Question 5

Appeared in Year: 2020

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When does Pure reason enter into the realm of antinomies according to Kant? Is Kant՚s notion of Antinomies of Pure reason as natural culmination of his distinction between Noumena and Phenomena?

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Explanation

According to Kant, the consciousness of I am or the synthetic unity of appreciation which accompanies every item of our knowledge of objects is only an a priori logical condition. This is never known.

So, the only empirical self which we know is a bundle of successive changes. This kind of self is not possible without reference to outer things. In i…

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Question 6

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Explain the significance of Kantian Dictum, “Understanding makes Nature.” How far do you agree that Hegel՚s Absolutism is the culmination of the Kantian dualism? Discuss?

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Explanation

The consciousness of I am or the synthetic unity of appreciation which accompanies every item of our knowledge of objects is only an a priori logical condition. This is never known. So, the only empirical self which we know is a bundle of successive changes. This kind of self is not possible without reference to outer things. In idea was further ut…

… (397 more words) …