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We have 433 Notes in IAS (Admin.) Mains Law course arranged below by topic-subtopic. Topic-wise count & %effort is given in brackets. Green bars show topic progress as you mark the titles complete (Show me how).
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Constitutional and Administrative Law [76 Notes- 19% Effort]
The Distinctive Features of the Constitution [76 Notes- 19% Effort]
- 1
- The Preamble - Introduction
- The Preamble - Objects of the Preamble
- 2
- Preamble
- Introduction & Article 12
- 3
- Is Judiciary a State & Article 13
- Article 14
- 4
- Article 15
- Article 16
- 5
- Article 16 (Asked in January 2017, June 2015 December 2014)
- Article 17
- 6
- Articles 18 & Article 19
- Article 19 (Asked in January 2017, December 2015)
- 7
- Article 20
- Article 20 - Double Jeopardy
- 8
- Article 2 Historical Background & General Introduction (Asked in June 2018, June 2015)
- Article 21 - Different Dimensions of Article
- 9
- Article 21 - Right Against Handcuffing
- Article 21A (Asked in July 2016, June 2015)
- 10
- Article 22 - Historical Background
- Article 22 -Judicial Pronouncments & Legislative Measures
- 11
- Article 23 & 24 - Brief Introduction & Background
- Article 23 & 24 -Landmark Judicial Developments Against Exploitation
- 12
- Right to Freedom of Religion - General Overview
- Right to Freedom of Religion -Freedom of Management
- 13
- Right to Freedom of Religion -State of Jammu & Kashmir
- Cultural and Educational Rights
- 14
- Right to Constitutional Remedies - Bare Provisions
- Right to Constitutional Remedies -Habeas Corpus
- 15
- Directive Principles of State Policy - Origin & Development
- Directive Principles of State Policy -Bare Provision Continued
- 16
- Directive Principles of State Policy -Relationship between Fr՚s and Dpsp՚s
- Directive Principles of State Policy -Union of India
- 17
- Fundamental Duties - Introduction
- Fundamental Duties -To Develop the Scientific Temper
- 18
- Fundamental Duties -Judicial Take on Fundamental Duties
- Advance Constitutional Law: Preamble Constitutional Interpretation and Constitutionalism, Whether Preamble is the Part of the Constitution or Not
- 19
- Amendment of the Constitution and Doctrine of Basic Structure: Constitutional Amendments in India, Amending Power of Parliament
- Amendment of the Constitution and Doctrine of Basic Structure: Emergence of Basic Structure Doctrine, Consolidation of Basic Structure Doctrine After Keshavananda, Basic Structure Debate
- 20
- Fundamental Rights and Their Enforcement: Origin and Concept of Fundamental Rights, Concept of Fundamental Rights, Objective Behind Incorporation of Fundamental Rights in the Constitution
- Fundamental Rights and Their Enforcement: Enforcement of the Fundamental Rights, Remedies for the Enforcement of Fundamental Rights, Alternative Remedy, Public Interest Litigation, Distinction between Article 32 and 226, Res Judicata, Military Law and Fundamental Rights
- 21
- Emergency Provisions: Objective, Introduction, Emergency Provisions under the Indian Constitution, State Emergency under Article 356, Financial Emergency
- Inter State Trade: Pre – Constitutional Position, Freedom of Trade and Commerce: Constitutional History, Post Constitutional Scenario
- 22
- Judicial Review: Judicial Review in United States, Judicial Review in United Kingdom, Judicial Review in India
- Judicial Review: Judicial Review of Legislative Action in India, Judicial Review of Administrative Action in India
- 23
- Judiciary under the Indian Constitution (Powers Jurisdiction and Procedure) : The Union Judiciary – the Supreme Court (Articles 124 to 147)
- Relationship between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles: Need for Directives, Article 31 C and Directive Principles, Difference between DPSP and Fundamental Rights
- 24
- Equality III: Articles 17,18: Problem of Untouchability in Article 17 of the Constitution, the Untouchability Offences Act 1955 and Protection of Civil Rights Act 1955, Judicial Attitude, Abolition of Titles
- Protection in Respect of Conviction for Offences (Article 20) : Protection Against Double Jeopardy, Protection Against Self-Incrimination
- 25
- Rights Against Exploitation (Article 23,24) : Article 23 and Constituent Assembly, Judicial Intervention, Article 24 and the Constituent Assembly, Judicial Intervention
- Fundamental Duties under Indian Constitution: Reasons for in Acting Fundamental Duties in the Constitution, Fundamental Duties, Need and Importance of Fundamental Duties
- 26
- Fundamental Duties under Indian Constitution: Legal Provisions for the Enforcement of Fundamental Duties, Drawbacks in Fundamental Duties, Role of Judiciary
- Equality I: Non Discrimination and Non-Arbitrariness: Right to Equality Fundamental Right Guaranteed by Article 14, Equality Does Not Mean Absolute Equality It Permits Reasonable Classification
- 27
- Equality I: Non Discrimination and Non-Arbitrariness: Article 14 Strikes to Arbitrarilyness, Article 14 Provides Positive and Not Negative Equality, Rules of Natural Justice Implicit in Article 14
- Protection Against Arrest and Preventive Detention: Protection Against Arrest and Preventive Detention
- 28
- Doctrine of Eminent Domain: Doctrine of Eminent Domain, Position in British Era, Constitutional Debates and Right to Property, Constitution and Right to Property: A Journey of Amendments
- Cultural and Educational Rights: Cultural and Educational Rights International Perspective, Cultural and Educational Rights Indian Position, Rights under Article 29, Rights under Article 30
- 29
- Cultural and Educational Rights: Meaning of the Term Minorities, Minority Educational Institutions, Relationship between Article 29 and Article 30
- Religious Freedom and Secularism: Concept of Secularism, Secularism and Religious Freedoms at International Level, Idea of Secularism and the Indian Constitution
- 30
- Religious Freedom and Secularism: Religious Freedoms under the Indian Constitution, Religious Freedoms under Article 26
- Protection of Life and Liberty (Article 21) : Right to Life
- 31
- Protection of Life and Liberty (Article 21) : Right to Personal Liberty and Reasonable Procedure Established by Law, Right to Privacy is Part of Right to Life and Personal Liberty, Right to Die and Right to Life, Right to Marry
- Executive and Protection to Civil Servants: Executive of the Union- Qualifications for Election as President Are, Powers of President, Vice President, Council of Ministers- Qualifications for Vice President, Council of Ministers
- 32
- Executive and Protection to Civil Servants: Attorney General of India, State Executive, Services under the Union or a State, Civil Post
- Indian Parliamentary System: Council of States (Rajya Sabha) & House of People (Lok Sabha) , Position of Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of People
- 33
- Parliament and State Legislature: Legislative Procedure- Ordinary Bill, Money Bill, Joint Sittings, Indian Constitution and State Legislature-Points to be Considered
- Amendment of the Constitution and Doctrine of Basic Structure: Amending Power of Parliament
- 34
- Judicial Appointments and Accountability: Judicial Trends- Appointment of Judges of Higher Judiciary under the Indian Constitution, Reports of Law Commission, Judicial Accountability and Independence of Judiciary
- Citizenship: Citizenship in India - Citizenship under Indian Constitution, Citizenship under the Citizenship of India Act, 1955, NRI՚s Voting Right, is Corporation a Citizen, Interesting Facts
- 35
- Formal Access to Justice: Kinds of Justice System- Supreme Court, High Courts
- Formal Access to Justice: Administration of Civil Justice, Tribunals, Other Formal Adjudicatory Forums, Remedies Available for Seeking Formal Justice, Ways and Means of Searching Remedies for Justice- Hierarchy of Civil Courts, Administration of Criminal Justice, Hierarchy of Criminal Courts
- 36
- Nature, Scope & Importance of Administrative Law
- Nature of Administrative Law
- 37
- Scope of Administrative Law, Rule of Law & Delegation of Powers
- The Beauty of the Basic Structure of the Constitution of India
- 38
- Distribution of Powers with Respect to Territory (Territorial Jurisdiction) , with Respect to Territory (Territorial Jurisdiction) , Conclusion
- Writs in Indian Constitution
Fundamental Rights [41 Notes- 7% Effort]
Public Interest Litigation [41 Notes- 7% Effort]
- 1
- Fundamental Rights: Introduction
- Public Interest Litigation - Legal Aid
- 2
- 6 Fundamental Rights
- Public Interest Litigation and Legal Services Authority
- 3
- Public Interest Litigation: Principles of Public Interest Litigation, Evolution of PIL in India and Landmark Judgements (Paper 2)
- Legal Aid, Public Interest Litigation, Fundamental Rights
- 4
- The Role of Legal Service Authority: The Role of Courts in PIL
- Article 17: Abolition of Untouchability, Article 18 - Abolition of Titles
- 5
- Right to Freedom: Article 19
- Natural Justice: Plebiscitary Democracy, Ex Post Facto Legislation, Judicial Benches
- 6
- Constitution at a Glance: Right to Equality, Right to Freedom
- Right to Freedom of Religion: Cultural and Educational Rights, Right to Constitutional Remedies
- 7
- Free and Compulsory Education for Children, Article 44, Uniform Civil Code
- Freedom of Assembly, Freedom to Form Association, Freedom of Movement, Freedom of Residence, Freedom of Profession, Occupation, Trade or Business
- 8
- Fundamental Rights and Globalization
- Non-Justiciable Rights of Citizen, Socialistic, Liberal Intellectualistic, Gandhian
- 9
- Laws and “Laws in Force” , Can FRs be Amended? , Classification of FRS, Right to Equality, Article 14
- Article 12 , Definition of the State, Article 13, Laws Inconsistent with FRS (Article 13) , Judicial Review
- 10
- Enforcement of Decree and Orders of SC: Article 142, Position of the SC, Limitation, Precedent
- Per Incuriam and Sub-Silentio, Doctrine of Pith and Substance, Public Interest Litigation (PIL)
- 11
- Provisions, Limitations, Fundamental Rights
- Article 28, Prohibition of Religious Instruction in State-Aided Institution, Cultural and Educational Rights, Article 29 and Article 30
- 12
- Recommendations on SC/st/OBCs, on Fundamental Rights
- Article 23, Prohibition of Traffic in Human Beings and Forced Labour, Article 24, Prohibition of Employment of Children in Factories
- 13
- Right to Freedom of Religion, Article 25, Reasonable Restrictions
- Right to Property, Present Status, Right to Property: Through Various Amendments, Present Status
- 14
- Chapter IV: Right to Property, Chapter I: Services, Chapter II: Public Service Commissions
- Freedom of Speech and Expression
- 15
- Freedom of Press
- What Are the Reasonable Restrictions? Exceptions to the Right to Freedom
- 16
- On Fundamental Rights, Other Recommendations
- Fundamental Rights, Nature of Fundamental Rights
- 17
- Judicial Activism and Public Interest Litigation: Evolution, Meaning, Justification of Judicial Activism, Activators of Judicial Activism
- Judicial Activism and Public Interest Litigation: Public Interest Litigation
- 18
- Legal Theory: Duties
- Legal Rights & Theories; Types of Legal Rights
- 19
- Due Process/Procedure Established by Law: Due Process of Law, History of Due Process of Law, Article 21 Debate, Debate on Article 22, Procedure Established by Law
- Judicial Activism, Meaning of Judicial Activism, Justification of Judicial Activism
- 20
- Public Interest Litigation, Meaning of PIL, Features of PIL, Scope of PIL
- Rights and Liabilities of the Government, Property of the Union and the States
- 21
- Press and Registration of Periodical Bill, 2023: Salient Features of Press and Registration of Periodicals Bill 2023
Relationship between Fundamental Rights [6 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties [6 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- DPSP and Fundamental Rights
- Directive Principles of State Policy: Part IV. Article 36 to 51, Importance of DPSP, Critics of DPSP
- 2
- Difference between FRs and DPSP, Relative Position of FR and DPSP, Current Status
- Part IV-A: Fundamental Duties, Ten Duties, Utility of FDs, Concept of Sustainable Development
- 3
- Federalism, Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles, Fundamental Duties, Emergency, the Constitution (Forty-Third Amendment) Act, 1977
- Directive Principles, Nature of DPSP, Classification of DPSP, Provisions That Later Added
Supreme Court and High Courts [37 Notes- 8% Effort]
Appointments and Transfer [21 Notes- 3% Effort]
- 1
- Supreme Courts and High Courts
- Appointments and Transfers in Supreme Court & High Courts
- 2
- Concept of Supreme Court
- Collegium System
- 3
- Judicial System Part V Art 124 to 147 and Part VI Art 214 to 232 for Hc, the Supreme Court Article 124, Functions, Composition of the Supreme Court
- Recent Rulings of SC, on Conversion, Article 26, Article 27
- 4
- Tenure and Impeachment, Salaries and Allowances, Acting CJ: Article 126, Ad-Hoc Judges: Article 127
- Attendance of Retired Judges: Article 128, a Court of Record: Article 129, Seat of Supreme Court: Article 130, Original Jurisdiction: Article 131, Pre-Conditions
- 5
- Tenure and Removal, Functions and Powers, Inter-State Water Dispute
- This Time Three Issues Were Referred, the 12th Presidential Reference Has Four Points, Article 144, Article 145
- 6
- Judiciary: Nature of Judiciary in India, Jurisdiction of S. C- Chart Showing Hierarchy at National and State Level
- Judiciary: Nature and Power of Supreme Court – Hierarchy at District Level, System of Appointment, System of Removal, Evaluation of the Role Played by Judiciary, Paradoxes of Indian Judiciary- Figure
- 7
- Judiciary: Appointment of Judges of Higher Judiciary, Removal of Judges, View of Constituent Assembly (CA) - System of Practice, Seat of Supreme Court, Supreme Court Advocates
- Judiciary: Response of Judiciary, Comparison of Indian Supreme Court and U. S Supreme Court, Appointment of CJI, Chief Justices of India – Name and Tenure, Problems Involved
- 8
- The Judiciary in India: Structure and Composition, Powers and Jurisdiction
- The Judiciary in India: Growth and Evaluation of Judicial Power, Public Interest Litigation, Evolution of PIL in India: Some Landmark Judgements
- 9
- The Judiciary in India: Factors Responsible for the Growth of PIL in India, Significance of PIL, Certain Weaknesses of PIL
- Supreme Court, Organisation of Supreme Court, Judges, Appointment of Chief Justice
- 10
- Supreme Court, Seat of Supreme Court, Procedure of the Court
- Supreme Court, Supreme Court Advocates, Senior Advocates, Advocates – on Record
- 11
- Supreme Court, Jurisdiction and Powers of Supreme Court, Writ Jurisdiction
Powers, Functions and Jurisdiction [16 Notes- 4% Effort]
- 1
- Powers, Functions and Jurisdiction of Supreme Court & High Courts
- Powers, Functions and Jurisdiction of High Court
- 2
- Powers, Functions and Jurisdiction of Supreme Court
- High Courts Article 214, Article 215, Article 217, Article 217: Appointment of Judges
- 3
- Subordinate Courts, Article 233, Article 233A, Article 234, Article 235, Article 236
- High Court, Appointment of Judges, Qualifications of Judges, Tenure of Judges
- 4
- High Court: Removal of Judges, Independence of Judges, Jurisdiction and Powers of High Court, High Courts and Their Jurisdiction
- High Court, Organisation of High Court, Judges, Acting Chief Justice
- 5
- High Court, Independence of High Court, Security of Tenure, Expenses Charged on Consolidated Fund
- High Court, Jurisdiction and Powers of High Court, Writ Jurisdiction
- 6
- State Legislature, High Court, Organisation of States Legislature, Composition of Two Houses
- Subordinate Courts, Special Status of Jammu & Kashmir, Special Provisions for Some States
- 7
- Subordinate Courts, Lok Adalat՚s, Meaning, Statutory Status, Benefits
- Subordinate Courts, Gram Nyayalayas, Reasons, Features, Establishment
- 8
- Subordinate Courts, Permanent Lok Adalat՚s, Family Courts
- Advocates (Amendment) Bill, 2023
Centre, States and Local Bodies [28 Notes- 5% Effort]
Distribution of Legislative Powers between the Union and the States [7 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Centre, States and Local Bodies: Distribution of Legislative Powers between the Union and States
- Union, State and Concurrent List
- 2
- The Seventh Schedule of Constitution of India
- The President of India (Article 52 - 62) : Qualification for Election as President (Article 58) , Election of President (Article 54) , Manner of Election (Article 55) , Term of President (Article 56) , Re-Election of President (Article 57) , Conditions of President՚s Office (Article 59) , Impeachment of President (Article 61)
- 3
- Union and State Legislature and Their Interrelationship
- Parliament՚s Power to Legislate on State List: In the National Interest (Art. 249) , under Proclamation of National Emergency (Art. 250) , by Agreement between States (Art. 252) , to Implement Treaties (Art. 253)
- 4
- Parliament՚s Power to Legislate on State List: Under Proclamation of President՚s Rule (Art. 356) , Power of Parliament to Legislate on State Subjects
Local Bodies [12 Notes- 2% Effort]
- 1
- Local Bodies
- Powers of Centre, State and Local Bodies
- 2
- The Panchayati Raj System
- Morley-Minto Reforms
- 3
- Democratic Decentralization, Evolution of Panchayati Raj, National Extension Scheme, Zila Parishad
- Secretariat, the Main Objectives of Setting up of Zonal Councils
- 4
- Urban Local Self Government and Municipalities, the Provision for Representation in Municipality
- Local Self-Government: Panchayat at Pre-Independence, Panchayat After Independence, Balwant Rai Committee, Tier System
- 5
- Local Self-Government: Ashok Mehta Committee, Constitutional Status to Panchayat, Roles of Panchayat System, Innovation and Good Practices Conclusion
- State Politics: Local Government
- 6
- Local Government Institutions
- Local Administrative Officials: Deputy Commissioner, Block Development Office
Administrative Relationship Among Union [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Administrative Relationship Among Union & State
- Administrative Relationship Among Union
- 2
- Administrative Relationship Among Union: The Union Government, the State Governments, Inter-State Council, Financial Relationships, Article 256 to 263 of Indian Constitution
State and Local Bodies [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Centre, State and Local Bodies
- State and Local Bodies: State and Local Bodies in Constitution
- 2
- Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions in Respect of Certain States
Eminent Domain [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Legislative Powers [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Privileges and Immunities [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Services under the Union and the States [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Recruitment and Conditions of Services [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Union Public Service Commission and State Public Service Commissions [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Principles of Natural Justice [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Emerging Trends and Judicial Approach [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Law of the Sea [6 Notes- 1% Effort]
Inland Waters [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Territorial Sea [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Contiguous Zone [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Continental Shelf [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Exclusive Economic Zone [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
High Seas [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Individuals [32 Notes- 6% Effort]
Nationality [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Statelessness [31 Notes- 6% Effort]
- 1
- Protection of Interests of Minorities and Constitutional Safeguards: Summary Notes, Protection and Promotion of Minority Rights: Role Played by Indian Judiciary, Contribution of Judiciary in Changing the Direction of Reservation in India
- Public Interest Litigation: Public Interest Litigation Defined, Public Interest Litigation Nature and Purpose, Evolution of PIL in India, Difference of Litigation and Competence over Aggrieved Person
- 2
- Access to Justice and Children: Legislations Protecting Child Rights, Procedural Protection to Children, Grievance Redressal Mechanism, Child in Conflict with Law, Judicial Approach Towards Child Victims/Witnesses
- Access to Justice and Person with Disability: Disability a Matter for Concern, Disability as a Concept, Models of Rehabilitation of Persons with Disability, Disability and Indian Constitution
- 3
- Access to Justice and Person with Disability: The Mental Health Act 1987, the Persons with Disabilities Equal Opportunities Protection of Rights and Full Participation Act 1995, Rehabilitation Council of India Act 1992
- Access to Justice and Person with Disability: Right of Persons with Disabilities Draught Bill 2012, the National Trust for Welfare of Persons with Autism Cerebral Palsy Mental Retardation and Multiple Disabilities Act 1999 (National Trust Act) , Blind and Other Physically Handicapped Persons Rehabilitation Employment and Welfare Bill 2002
- 4
- Access to Justice and Senior Citizen: Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act 1956, Code of Criminal Procedure 1973, Specific Relief Act 1963, High Court Case Flow Management Rule, Government Policies and Schemes for Older Persons
- Access to Justice and Women: International Instruments Relating to Women, Constitutional Status of Women Rights
- 5
- Access to Justice and Women: Women՚s Specific Legislation, Special Protection During Access to Justice, Redressal Mechanism- Regular Criminal Courts, Domestic Violence, Sexual Harassment at Workplace, Maintenance
- Access to Justice – History and Evolution: Meaning of Justice- Traditional View, Modern View
- 6
- Access to Justice – History and Evolution: Concept of Access to Justice- Traditional View on Access to Justice, Modern View of Access to Justice, Provision for Alternative Dispute Resolution Systems, Mechanisms for the Administration of Justice, Concerns
- Consumers Access to Justice: Consumer Protection During the British Period- Indian Penal Code 1860, Law of Contract, Law of Torts
- 7
- Consumers Access to Justice: Consumer Protection After Independence, Consumer Protection Act 1986, Consumer Dispute Redressal Agencies, the Competitions Act 2002
- Meaning and Evolution of Concept of Human Rights, Magna Carta, Petition of Rights, Human Rights and the Constitution of India, Kinds of Human Rights
- 8
- Human Rights under the U. N Charter, Promotion and Protection of Human Rights
- Implementation of Human Rights in India
- 9
- Composition of NHRC, Appointment, Removal and Term of Members, Functions of NHRC
- The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012: Need of the POCSO Act, 2012, Scope of the POCSO Act, 2012, Applicability of the POCSO Act, 2012, Importance of the POCSO Act, 2012
- 10
- The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012: Features of the POCSO Act, 2012, New Rules Added to the Act, General Principles of the POCSO Act
- Section 2: Definition Clause
- 11
- Section 2: Definition Clause: Jarnail Singh V. State of Haryana, (AIR 2013 SC 3467)
- Rights of a Child in India
- 12
- Types of Offences Against Children
- Punishments under Juvenile Justice Act
- 13
- Constitutional Provisions for Minorities: Important Case Laws
- Reservations for Minorities & Articles in Constitution
- 14
- UN Bodies for the Development of Women՚s Rights
- Landmark Indian Judgments Around Women՚s Rights
- 15
- Protection of Marginalized Groups: Women
- Global Programs for Women՚s Rights
- 16
- Protection of Marginalized Groups: Refugees
Territorial Jurisdiction of States [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Extradition and Asylum [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Treaties [4 Notes- 1% Effort]
Formation [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Application [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Termination [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Reservation [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
United Nations [14 Notes- 3% Effort]
Its Principal Organs [4 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Powers [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Financing and Peace-Keeping Operations: Financing of the UN, United Nations Peace-Keeping, What is Peacekeeping
- Financing and Peace-Keeping Operations: Departments of United Nations Peacekeeping, Critical Evaluation, Conclusion
Functions and Reform [8 Notes- 2% Effort]
- 1
- Peace and Development Perspective
- Objectives of United Nations: About the Organization, Objectives of United Nations
- 2
- Objectives of United Nations: United Nations Contributions to the World
- Objectives of United Nations: Actual Record of United Nations, Do We Need United Nations? , Conclusion
- 3
- United Nation: Preamble, Philosophy and Principles of United Nation, Envision Role of U. N and the Assessment of the Role of U. N, India Role as Member of U. N. S. C – Permanent Member – Argument in Support
- Global Organization: Specialized Agencies of UN: Funds and Programmes, UN Specialized Agencies, UN Contribution to World
- 4
- Global Organization: Specialized Agencies of UN: Economic Development, Social Development, Human Rights, Environment
- Global Organization: Specialized Agencies of UN: International Law, Humanitarian Affairs, Health, UN & India
Peaceful Settlement of Disputes [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Different Modes [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Lawful Recourse to Force [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Aggression [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Self-Defence [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Intervention [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Fundamental Principles of International Humanitarian Law [6 Notes- 1% Effort]
International Conventions and Contemporary Developments [6 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Human Rights: Meaning, Kinds, Evolution
- U. N Charter and Human Rights, United Nation՚s Councils or Commissions Connected with Human Rights
- 2
- Human Rights and Indian Constitution, National Human Rights Commission, Conclusion
- Implementation of IHL – Challenges
- 3
- International Humanitarian Law (IHL) : Origin and Sources of International Humanitarian Law
- International Humanitarian Law (IHL) : Aim, when Does International Humanitarian Law Apply, IAC: International Armed Conflict, Implications for Humanitarian Assistance
Legality of the Use of Nuclear Weapons [3 Notes- 1% Effort]
Ban on Testing of Nuclear Weapons [3 Notes- 1% Effort]
International Terrorism [10 Notes- 2% Effort]
State Sponsored Terrorism [8 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- International Terrorism: State Sponsored
- Why Should Pota Stay? , Constitutional Safeguards Against PD Laws, Review by Advisory Board
- 2
- History of Preventive Detention, POTA՚s Provisions
- Safeguards, POTA Repealed
- 3
- Offences Against State and Terrorism
- India Security Concern
- 4
- Contemporary Challenge: International Terrorism
- International Terrorism: Definition, Goals and Ways, Types, Causes, Impact
Hijacking [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
International Criminal Court [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
New International Economic Order and Monetary Law [4 Notes- 1% Effort]
WTO [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
TRIPS [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- New International Economic Order and Monetary Law: Trips, Important Articles of the Trips Agreement
GATT [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
World Bank [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Protection and Improvement of the Human Environment [36 Notes- 7% Effort]
International Efforts [36 Notes- 7% Effort]
- 1
- Protection and Improvement of the Human Environment
- Nationality and Citizenship, Modes of Acquisition and Loss of Nationality, Concept of Double Nationality, Citizenship Law in India
- 2
- Remedies for Environmental Protection: Criminal Remedies, Criminal Remedies under Environmental Protection Act
- Remedies for Environmental Protection: Criminal Remedies Available under the Indian Forest Act, 1927, Criminal Remedies under the Water Pollution Act 1974, Civil Remedies under the Air Pollution Act 1981
- 3
- Remedies for Environmental Protection: Introduction to Civil Remedies, Civil Remedies under Environmental Protection Act
- Remedies for Environmental Protection: Civil Remedies Available under the Indian Forest Act, 1927, Civil Remedies under Environmental Impact Assessment
- 4
- Remedies for Environmental Protection: Civil Remedies under the Water Pollution Act 1974, Civil Remedies under the Air Pollution Act 1981
- Universalism and Cultural Relativism
- 5
- Remedies for Environmental Protection: Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) , Principles of International Environmental Law
- Remedies for Environmental Protection: Compliance and Enforcement, International Institutions and Bodies, United Nations Conferences on Environment and Development
- 6
- Remedies for Environmental Protection: Article 32, Article 226, Article 21
- Remedies for Environmental Protection: The Forty-Second Amendment of the Constitution of India, 1976
- 7
- Remedies for Environmental Protection: Article 47, Article 48, Article 51 a (C) , Article 142
- Universalism and Cultural Relativism: Universal Declaration of Human Rights, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the International Bill of Rights and Environmental Pollution
- 8
- International Development to Protect Environmental Pollution: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Chang, Objective, Parties, Principles, Commitments, National Communication, Kyoto Protocol
- International Development to Protect Environmental Pollution: Paris Agreement, COP Meetings, Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer, Basel Convention on the Control of Trans-Boundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes, International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
- 9
- International Bill of Rights and Its 3 Components, International Human Rights Instruments
- Constitution of India and Important Articles
- 10
- Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 & Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
- Environment Protection Act, 1986 and Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
- 11
- Forest Act, 1980 and NGT Act, 2010
- The Biological Diversity Act, 2002
- 12
- The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980
- Regulatory Bodies for Environmental Legislations
- 13
- International Environmental Law: Features
- International Environmental Law: Sources
- 14
- National Green Tribunal
- Stockholm Conference
- 15
- The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)
- The World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD)
- 16
- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
- The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
- 17
- The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)
- The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal
- 18
- Nationality, Immigrants, Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons (IDPS) - The Indian Legal Framework Protects IDPs, the Constitution of India, Article 21 (Right to Life) , Refugees under the Indian Legal Framework
- Nationality, Immigrants, Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons (IDPS) - Refugee Provisions in the Constitution, Migrants, Types of Migration
Law of Crime [40 Notes- 9% Effort]
General Principles of Criminal Liability: Mens Rea and Actus Reus, Mens Rea in Statutory Offences [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Common Intention and Common Object
- Actus Reus and Mens Rea, Individual and Group Liability and Constructive Liability
Kinds of Punishment and Emerging Trends as to Abolition of Capital Punishment [12 Notes- 2% Effort]
- 1
- Crime: Meaning, Stages and Elements: Stages of Crime and Intention
- Crime and It՚s Psychological Effects on the Victim and Cases of Crimes
- 2
- Criminal Judicial Administration: Stages of Administration of Criminal Justice
- Nature and Definition of Offence
- 3
- Expiatory Theory of Punishment
- Kinds of Punishment and Compensation for Crime Victims
- 4
- Deterrent Theory of Punishment
- Retributive Theory of Punishment
- 5
- Reformative Theory of Punishment
- Preventive Theory of Punishment
- 6
- Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita
- Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita
Preparation and Criminal Attempt [11 Notes- 2% Effort]
- 1
- Stages of Crime (Criminal Conspiracy) : Definition, Distinction between Certain Principles
- Stages of Crime (Criminal Conspiracy) : Scope of Criminal Conspiracy, Punishment of Criminal Conspiracy
- 2
- Stages of Crime (Criminal Conspiracy) : Judicial Pronouncements on Criminal Conspiracy
- Stages of Crime (Attempt) : General Overview, Provision of Attempt under the Indian Penal Code
- 3
- Stages of Crime (Attempt) : Other Provisions Regarding Attempt, Relationship between Section 511 and Section 307, ‘Actus Reus’ of an Attempt, ‘Mens Rea’ of an Attempt, Difference between Attempt and Preparation
- Stages of Crime (Attempt) : Judicial Pronouncements
- 4
- Stages of Crime (Abetment) : General Introduction-Comments, Illustration, Kinds of Abetment- Abetment by Instigation, Abetment by Conspiracy, Abetment by Aid, Abetment by Illegal Omission
- Stages of Crime (Abetment) : Section 108 - Abettor, Illustrations, Illustrative Cases
- 5
- Stages of Crime (Abetment) : Section 109, Section 110, Section 111, Section 112, Section 113, Section 114
- Stages of Crime (Abetment) : Section 115, Section 116, Section 117, Section 118, Section 119, Section 120
- 6
- Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita
General Exceptions [4 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- General Exceptions (Sections 76 - 106) : Object of General Defences, General Explanation, Mistake of Fact (Sections 76 and 79)
- General Exceptions (Sections 76 - 106) : Judicial Acts (Section 77 and 78) , Accident (Section 80) , Necessity (Section 81)
- 2
- General Exceptions (Sections 76 - 106) : Infancy (Sections 82 and 83) , Insanity (Section 84) , Intoxication (Sections 85 and 86) , Consent and Duress (Sections 87 to 94) , Provided
- General Exceptions (Sections 76 - 106) : Provided, Illustrations, Trivial Acts (Section 95)
Joint and Constructive Liability [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Offences Against Public Tranquility [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Offences Against Human Body [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Offences Against Human Body: Murder
- Offences Against Human Body: Exceptions to Offence of Murder, Sec. 319: Hurt
- 2
- Offences Against Human Body: Kidnapping and Abduction, Dowry Death
Offences Against Property [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Offences Against Property: Theft, Extortion
- Offences Against Property: Robbery, Dacoity, Criminal Misappropriation of Property, Criminal Breach of Trust, Receiving Stolen Property
- 2
- Offences Against Property: Cheating, Mischief, Criminal Trespass, Section 442 of IPC Deals with House Trespass
Offences Against Women [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Offences Against Women (Law of Crimes) : Rape (Section 375 & 376) , Outraging the Modesty of Women (Section 354) , Insulting the Modesty of Women (Section 509)
- Offences Against Women (Law of Crimes) : Voyeurism, Stalking, Acid Attack, Sexual Harassment, Cruelty by Husband or His Relatives, Dowry Death
Defamation [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Law of Torts [28 Notes- 7% Effort]
Nature and Definition [11 Notes- 2% Effort]
- 1
- Nature & Definition of Tort - Charateristics of a Tort
- Nature & Definition of Tort - Interests Protected by the Law of Torts (Rev.)
- 2
- General Principles
- Specific Torts: Defamation
- 3
- Specific Torts: Negligence
- Specific Tort: Nuisance
- 4
- Specific Tort: Trespass
- Negligence, Nuisance and Defamation
- 5
- General Principles: Nuisance, Public Nuisance, Private Nuisance, Trespass to Property, Continuing Trespass, Reputation and Privacy, Strict Liability and Absolute Liability, Position of Minors in Law of Tort
- General Principles: Damnum Sine Injuria and Injuria Sine Damnum, Vicarious Liability, Volente Non-Fit Injuria, Negligence, Personal Security
- 6
- Specific Torts – Trespass: Trespass to Land, Trespass Against Person, General Defenses to Trespass
Liability Based Upon Fault and Strict Liability; Absolute Liability [7 Notes- 2% Effort]
- 1
- Introduction & Legal Damages
- Remoteness of Damages
- 2
- Rules of Strict and Absolute Liability
- Remoteness of Damage: Tests to Determine Remoteness of Damage
- 3
- Absolute and Strict Liability: The Rule of Strict Liability
- Absolute and Strict Liability: Rule of Absolute Liability
- 4
- Tortious Liability of the State: Article 300 of the India Constitution Deals with the Tortious Liability of the State, Other Provisions Dealing with the Tortious Liability of the Administration
Vicarious Liability Including State Liability [5 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Vicarious Liability under Law of Torts: Basis and Rationale of Vicarious Liability- Master and Servant, Course of Employment, the Doctrine of Common Employment
- Vicarious Liability under Law of Torts: Vicarious Liability of State
- 2
- Vicarious Liability
- The Doctrine of Common Employment, Vicarious Liability of the State and Landmark Judgments on Vicarious Liability of State
- 3
- Vicarious Liability: Relations in Which Vicarious Liability Arises, Vicarious Liability of Master for Torts by Servant, Reasons for Liability of the Master, Various Ways in Which Liability of Master Arises
General Defences [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Negligence [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Consumer Protection Act, 1986 [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- ,Consumer Protection Act 1986: Definitions, Consumer Rights and Redressal Mechanism, Major Definitions, Redressal Mechanism, District Consumer Disputes Redressal Forum, State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission
- Consumer Protection Act 1986: National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission, the Time Limit for Filing a Complaint or Appealing to a Higher Commission, Objectives & Importance of the Act
Law of Contracts and Mercantile Law [38 Notes- 8% Effort]
Nature and Formation of Contract and E-Contract [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- E-Contract: Acceptance & Legality
- Kinds of Electronic Contracts
- 2
- Legal Aspects of E-Contract under It Act, 2000
Factors Vitiating Free Consent [7 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Law of Contracts- General Principle: Elements Vitiating Contract- Mistake
- Elements Vitiating Contract-Misrepresentation
- 2
- Law of Contracts- General Principal Elements Vitiating Contract- Fraud: Definition of Fraud
- Coercion- Elements Vitiating Contract
- 3
- Frustration of Contract- Elements Vitiating Contract
- Public Policy - Elements Vitiating Contract
- 4
- Undue Influence - Elements Vitiating Contract
Performance and Discharge of Contracts [4 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Essentials of a Valid Contract
- Capacity to Contract – Minor՚s Contract
- 2
- Law of Contract- General Principle: Offer, Acceptance and Consideration, Offer or Proposal
- Law of Contract: General Principle - Offer, Acceptance and Consideration, Offer or Proposal, Acceptance, Consideration
Quasi-Contracts [3 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Standard Form of Contract
- Quasi-Contract: Features of Quasi-Contract
- 2
- Provisions for Quasi-Contract under the Indian Contract Act, 1872
Consequences of Breach of Contract [4 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Damages - Remedies for Breach of Contract
- Breach of Contract
- 2
- Doctrine of Frustration of Contract
- Void and Voidable Agreement
Contract of Indemnity, Guarantee and Insurance [5 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Contract of Indemnity: Essentials, Rights of Indemnified, Rights of Indemnifier
- Contract of Guarantee: Essentials, Kinds, Surety, Discharge of Surety, Rights of a Surety
- 2
- Contract of Bailment: Essentials, Bailor, Rights and Liabilities of a Bailor, Bailee
- Contract of Pledge: Essentials, Rights of a Pawnee, Rights and Duties of a Pawnor
- 3
- Contract of Agency: Principal-Agent Relationship
Sale of Goods and Hire Purchase [6 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Sales of Goods Act: Definition Clause, Formation of a Contract
- Sales of Goods Act: What Are the Conditions and Warranties, Implied Warranties, Effects of the Contract
- 2
- Sales of Goods Act: Performance of the Contract, Suit for Breach of Contract
- Sale of Goods Act, 1930: The Definition Clause of the Sale of Goods Act, 1930, Formalities of the Contract, Subject Matter of a Contract
- 3
- Sale of Goods Act, 1930: Conditions and Warranties, Effects of the Contract, Transfer of Title
- Sale of Goods Act, 1930: Performance of the Contract, Unpaid Seller՚s Rights under the Sale of Goods Act of 1930, Suit for Breach of Contract
Formation and Dissolution of Partnership [1 Notes- Negligible Effort]
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 [5 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- The Negotiable Instruments Act: Types, Different Types of Cheques
- The Negotiable Instruments Act: Liabilities under the Negotiable Instruments Act 1881, the Penal Provisions of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, an Overview of Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881
- 2
- Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881: Types of NI, Promissory Note (Section 4 of the NI Act, 1881) , Bill of Exchange (Section 5 of the NI Act, 1881) , Cheque (Section 6 of the NI Act, 1881) , Structure of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881
- Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881: Holder in Due Course, Fact of Dishonour, Presumption as to Service of Notice, Inchoate Instruments, Requirement of Stamp, Liabilities under the Negotiable Instruments Act 1881
- 3
- Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881: The Negotiable Instruments Act՚s 1881 Penal Provisions, an Overview of Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act of 1881 Defines the Conditions for Committing an Infraction, Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act of 1881 Has Been Decriminalized
Contemporary Legal Developments [11 Notes- 3% Effort]
Intellectual Property Rights [4 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Concept and Meaning of Intellectual Property and Its Historical Background
- International Conventions Pertaining to Intellectual Properties
- 2
- Theories of Intellectual Property Rights: Utilitarian Theory, Incentives for Innovation
- Significance of Theories
Information Technology Law Including Cyber Laws [4 Notes- 1% Effort]
- 1
- Cyber Crimes, Penalties and Adjudication
- Information Technology Law- Digital Signature and Electronic Signature
- 2
- Information Technology Law- Electronic Records and Duties of Subscribers
- Information Technology Law- Electronic Governance
Competition Law [2 Notes- Negligible Effort]
- 1
- Prohibition of Certain Agreements, Abuse of Dominant Position and Regulation of Combinations
- Prohibition of Certain Agreements, Abuse of Dominant Position and Regulation of Combinations (New 2019) , the Competition Act, 2002