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Sources: Archaeological Sources (22)

Exploration (2)

1
Archaeological Sources - Exploration
Some Important Inscription

Epigraphy (1)

1
Epigraphy

Numismatics (5)

1
Numismatic
A Brief History of Indian Coinage
2
Gold Coin of Kushana King Vima Kadphises
Gold Coin of Gupta King Kumaragupta I
3
Coins as a Source of History

Monuments Literary Sources (12)

1
Ancient Indian Texts Are Divided into Religious and Non-Religious (or Secular) Texts. -Vedas
Ancient Indian Texts Are Divided into Religious and Non-Religious (or Secular) Texts. -Dharma Shastra (Rev. )
2
Primary and Secondary Sources
Religious Literature (Rev. )
3
Dharmasastra
Sixteen Rituals of Hinduism
4
Epics
Buddhist Literature and Jaina Literature
5
Sangam Literature and Later Tamil, Telugu and Kannada Works
Early Kannada and Telugu Literature
6
Other Ancient Texts, Biographies, and Histories
Language, Literature, and Learning

Foreign Accounts (2)

1
Foreign Accounts
Chinese Accounts

Pre-History and Proto-History (15)

Geographical Factors (8)

1
African Ancestors of Human Being and Hominid Remains in Indian Subcontinent
Hominid Remains in the Indian Subcontinent
2
Classifying the Indian Stone Age
Important Sites
3
Middle Plaeolithic Sites
Upper Palaeolithic Sites
4
Mesolithic Age
Mesolithic Art

Beginning of Agriculture (7)

1
Beginning of Agriculture Neolithic and Chalcolithic
The Earliest Village Settlements in the Indian Subcontinent
2
Chalcolithic Cultures
Neolithic- Chalcolithic and Chalcolithic Culture
3
Neolithic – Chalcolithic Sites of South India (C. 2000 - 500 BCE)
The Copper Hoards and Ochre- Colored Pottery Phase
4
Development of Pottery

Indus Valley Civilization (46)

Origin (46)

1
Introduction of Archaeological Features
Chronology
2
Late Harappan Phase
Origin and Significance of Early Harappan Phase
3
Origin and Significance of Early Harappan Phase -Sites
Origin and Significance of Early Harappan Phase -Mehrgarh
4
Origin and Significance of Early Harappan Phase - Harappa
Significance of Early Harappan Phase
5
Mature Harappan Settlement
The General Features of Mature Harappan Settlements
6
Town Planning
Housing Patterns
7
Profiles of Some Harappan Cities, Towns, and Villages - Mohenjo-Daro
Profiles of Some Harappan Cities, Towns, and Villages - Lower Town
8
Profiles of Some Harappan Cities, Towns, and Villages - Harappa
Profiles of Some Harappan Cities, Towns, and Villages - Kalibangan
9
Profiles of Some Harappan Cities, Towns, and Villages -Banawali
Profiles of Some Harappan Cities, Towns, and Villages - Bhirrana
10
Profiles of Some Harappan Cities, Towns, and Villages - Dholavira
Profiles of Some Harappan Cities, Towns, and Villages - Allahdino
11
The Diversity of the Harappan Subsistence Base
Harappan Crafts and Techniques
12
Harappan Crafts and Techniques - Dancing Girl and Priest King
Harappan Crafts and Techniques - Gold and Silver Jewellery
13
Harappan Crafts and Techniques - Bone Working
Networks of Trade
14
Networks of Trade - Routes of Trade and Communication
Networks of Trade - Long Distance Trade
15
Networks of Trade - Trade with Mesopotamia
Networks of Trade - Harappan Imports
16
The Nature and Uses of Writing
The Nature and Uses of Writing - the Dholavira Signboard
17
Religious and Funerary Practices
Religious and Funerary Practices - the Pashupati Seal
18
Religious and Funerary Practices - Swastika Seals of Indus Valley Civilization
Religious and Funerary Practices - Burials
19
The Harappan People
The Harappan People (Ruling Elite)
20
The Harappan People - Ruling Elite Continued
The Decline of Urban Life
21
The Late Harappan Phase
The Late Harappan Phase - Cemetery – H Culture
22
The Late Harappan Phase - Significance
Important Key Points
23
Important Key Points - Archaeological Finds
Important Key Points - Chronology

Aryans and Vedic Period (15)

Vedic Period (8)

1
Religion, Ritual and Philosophy - Sacrificial Ritual of the Brahmana Texts
Religion, Ritual and Philosophy - the Upanishads
2
Religion, Ritual and Philosophy - the Bhagavat Gita
Religion, Ritual and Philosophy - Popular Belief and Practices
3
Precautions in Constructive Reasoning
Types of Reasoning
4
Shaka Kshatrapas of Western India
Shaka Kshatrapas of Western India - Territories under Western Satraps in 375 AD

Evolution of Monarchy and Varna System (7)

1
Ajivikas
The Sources: Literary and Archaeological
2
The Sixteen Mahajanpadas
The Sixteen Mahajanpadas - Kosala
3
The Sixteen Mahajanpadas - Magadha
The Sixteen Mahajanpadas - Chedi
4
The Sixteen Mahajanpadas - Panchala

Period of Mahajanapadas (40)

Formation of States (31)

1
Cause of Origin of Buddhism and Jainism
Cause of Origin of Buddhism and Jainism - Marriage
2
The Buddha’S Teachings and Philosophy
The Buddha’S Teachings and Philosophy - Theory of Karma and Rebirth
3
The Buddhist Sangha and the Laity
Buddhist Councils
4
Buddhism and Women
Mahayana Buddhism and Theravada Buddhism
5
Buddhist Scriptures (Rev. )
Buddhist Scriptures - the Abdhidhamma Pitaka (Rev. )
6
Factors and Forces Responsible for the Spread of Buddhism
Spread of Buddhism Outside India
7
Decline of Buddhism
Jaina Tirthankaras, Vardhamana Mahavira
8
Mahavira’S Teaching (Rev. )
The Spread of Jainism
9
The Jaina Philosophy
The Jaina Discipline
10
Social Composition of the Jaina Sangha and Laity
Miscellaneous - Philosophy of Buddhism
11
Miscellaneous - Differences between Buddhism and Hinduism
Unit of Settlement: the Janapadas
12
The Ganas or Sanghas
Decline of Republican States
13
Types of Towns and Cities in Literature/Sources
Society
14
Gender, Family and Household
Economy - Factors in the Growth of Food Producing Economy
15
Economy - Uttarapatha
The Renunciatory Tradition
16
Major Centres of Jainism

Rise of Magadha and Nandas (6)

1
Rise of Magadha and Nandas
Causes of Magadha’S Success
2
Magadhan Empire - Haryanaka Dynasty
Magadhan Empire - Ajatshatru
3
Magadhan Empire - Nanda Dynasty
Iranian/Persian Invasion- (Darius- 516 BC)

Iranian and Macedonian Invasions and Their Impact (3)

1
Macedonian Invasions of India - Alexander the Great
Macedonian Invasions of India - Battle of Hydaspes
2
Greek Historians and Geographers

Mauryan Empire (27)

Foundation of the Mauryan Empire (8)

1
Sources - Kautilya’S Arthashastra
Sources - Structure of Arthashastra
2
Sources - Megasthenes’S Indica
Sources - Pataliputra Description in Indica
3
The Maurya Dynasty (322 BCE-187 BCE) - Establishment of Mauryan Empire
The Maurya Dynasty (322 BCE-187 BCE) - Infrastructural Projects
4
Bindusara (297 BCE-273 BCE)
Ancient Indian History: Vishnuism and Shivaism

Ashoka (4)

1
The Maurya Dynasty (322 BCE-187 BCE) - Origin of Mauryas
Ashoka (268 BCE-232 BCE)
2
Ashoka as Follower of Buddhism
Ashoka as Follower of Buddhism - Nigali Sagar Pillar Inscription

Concept of Dharma (1)

1
Ashoka’S Dhamma

Administration (2)

1
Administration of the Mauryan Empire
Administration of the Mauryan Empire II

Economy (1)

1
Revenue Administration

Architecture and Sculpture (5)

1
Dhamma Inscriptions - Pillar Edict and Rock Edict
Dhamma Inscriptions - Ashoka’S Dhamma and the Mauryan State
2
Ashokan Inscriptions
Cultural Consequences
3
Ancient Indian History: Chola Metal Sculpture

External Contacts (1)

1
Foreign Relations

Disintegration of the Empire (1)

1
Decline of Mauryas

Sungas and Kanvas (4)

1
Shungas (187 to 78 BCE) - Approximate Extent of Shunga Empire
Shungas (187 to 78 BCE) - Buddhism
2
Shungas (187 to 78 BCE) - Art and Culture of Sunghas
Kanvas

Post - Mauryan Period (12)

Mahayana (3)

1
The Origin of Mahayana Buddhism
Buddhism in Early Medieval India
2
Tantric Buddhism

Social Conditions (1)

1
Urban and Rural Life

Art (8)

1
Mauryan Art and Architecture - Dhauli Front Part of Elephant
Mauryan Art and Architecture - Rock Cut Architecture
2
Mauryan Art and Architecture - Stupas
List of Pillars - Sarnath Pillar
3
List of Pillars - Lauriya Nandangarth
List of Pillar Edicts - Allahabad Pillar
4
Major and Minor Rock Edicts
List of Pillar Edicts - Delhi-Topara

Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India (15)

Sangam Literature and Culture (15)

1
Kings and Chieftains in the Far South: the Cheras and Cholas
Kings and Chieftains in the Far South: Pandyas
2
Cities of the North-West-P - Pushkalavati
Cities of the North-West - Streets of the Sirkap City
3
The Indo-Gangetic Divide and the Upper Ganga Valley
Atranjikhera (Rev. )
4
Sringaverpura (Rev. )
The Middle and Lower Ganga Valley and Eastern India (Rev. )
5
Lauriya- Nandangarh
Jaugada
6
Central and Western India
Adam (Rev. )
7
Cities of the Far South
Kaverippumpattinam (Rev. )
8
Crafts and Guilds

Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas (3)

Land Grants (2)

1
Royal Land Grants
Land Grants as Part of Larger Social and Cultural Processes

Indian Feudalism (1)

1
The Impact of Brahmana Settlements on Agrarian Relations

Regional States During Gupta Era (21)

Polity and Administration (2)

1
The Nature of South Indian States
Ancient Indian History: the Pallava Kingdom

Literature (1)

1
Sanskrit Literature

Growth of Vaishnava and Saiva Religions (10)

1
Rashtrakutas
Eastern India
2
The Rajput Clans - the Kingdom of the Paramaras of Malwa
Ancient Indian History: Shankara and Advaita Vedanta Introduction
3
Ancient Indian HistoryThe Shakti Cult:
Ancient Indian History: the Hindu Cults
4
Ancient Indian History: South Indian Bhakti - the Alvars and Nayamars
Ancient Indian History: Patronage to Temple
5
The Architecture and Sculpture of Early Medieval India the Nagara, Dravida, and Versara Styles of Temples Architecture
Ancient Indian History: the Chola Temples

Cultural Aspects (8)

1
The South
The South - Rajendra Chola
2
Brahmana Beneficiraies
The Nature of Brahmanadeya Settlements
3
Administrative Structures
Trade and Traders
4
The Religious Sphere
Urban Processes

The Thirteenth Century: Establishment of the Delhi Sultanate (19)

The Ghurian Invasions (19)

1
Political Narrative and Political Structure
Medieval Indian HistoryPolitical Condition During the Advent of Ghorids - the Last Imperial Rulers of Ancient India, the Fading Glory of Imperial Kanauj, Absence of Central Authority:
2
Northwestern India: a Brief Description of States on the Eve of Invasion of Mahmud of Ghazni - Sind and Multan, Kashmir, Thanesar
Eastern India: a Brief Description of States on the Eve of Invasion of Mahmud of Ghazni - Bengal, Assam, Nepal
3
Central and Western India: a Brief Description of States on the Eve of Invasion of Mahmud of Ghazni
Southern India: a Brief Description of States on the Eve of Invasion of Mahmud of Ghazni
4
Medieval Indian History: Arab Conquest of Sind and Multan - Signifiance of Arab Conquest of Sind
Medieval Indian History: Causes of the Arab Invasion - Immediate Cause of Invasion, Causes of Success of the Arabs Against Sindh
5
Medieval Indian History: Pre-Muslim Society - Absence of Creative Leadership, Rajput Culture, Women
Medieval Indian History: Social Organization and Attitudes of Pre Muslim Society
6
Medieval Indian HistoryReligious Beliefs and Practices of Pre Muslim Society - Indian Economy, Trade and Commerce:
Medieval Indian History: Condition the Country on the Eve of the Second Holocaust Wrought by the Turks (During 1030 - 1175 AD) - Northern India, the Foundation of Modern Delhi
7
Medieval Indian History: Triangular Contest for Supremacy - the Imperial Chauhans, Prithvi Raj Chauhan (1177 - 92), Kanauj
Medieval Indian HistoryRegional Kingdoms - Gujarat and Malwa, Bundelkhand, Bihar and Bengal, Assam:
8
Medieval Indian HistoryAn Evaluation of the Political Condition - the Defunct Military System:
Medieval Indian History: Rise of Ghazni under Sabuktain - the Shansabani Dynasty of Ghur
9
Medieval Indian HistoryIndian Campaigns of Muhammad Ghori-His Objectives - Conquest of Multan, Sind and Punjab:
Medieval Indian History: Conflict with Prithvi Raj Chauhan III
10
Medieval Indian History: Second Battle of Tarain (1192 a. D. ) - Conquest of Delhi, Penetration into the Gangetic Valley

The Fourteenth Century (39)

The Khalji Revolution (39)

1
Medieval Indian HistoryThe Conquests of Qutubuddin Aibek:
Medieval Indian History: Penetration into Bihar and Bengal (1197 - 1205) - a Character Estimate
2
Medieval Indian HistoryCauses of Success of the Turks:
Medieval Indian History: Foundation of the Delhi Sultanate1206 - 90 -Early Career of Aibek, Accesion to the Throne, Aibek as a Ruler
3
Medieval Indian History: Difficulties of AibakAchievements of Qutubbin Aibak, Tajuddin Yaldoz, Tajuddin Qubacha, Bengal, Aibak and the Rajputs, Death of Aibak -
Medieval Indian HistoryAram Shah (AD 1210 - 1211) :
4
Medieval History: Shamsuddin Iltutmish (1211 - 36) - Rival Turkish Nobles, Liquidation of Tajuddin Yaldoz (1215 - 16), Defeat of Nasiruddin Qubacha (1217 a. D. ), Mongols on the North-Western Frontier (1220 - 24)
Medieval Indian HistoryReconquest of Multan and Sind (1227 - 28) - Reconquest of Bihar and Bengal:
5
Medieval Indian HistoryConflict with Rajputs and Hindus of Doab - an Estimate:
Medieval Indian HistoryThe Turkish Power-Politic and the Problems of Succession - the Rule of ‘the Forty’, Ruknuddin Firoze (April-November 1236) :
6
Medieval Indian History: Razia Begum (1236 - 40) - Accession and Early Problems
Medieval Indian History: Razia’S State Policy - an Estmiate
7
Medieval Indian HistoryBehram Shah (1240 - 42) - the Mangol Invasion, Alauddin Masudshah (1242 - 46), Nasiruddin Mahmud (1246 - 66), Accession:
Medieval Indian HistoryBalban as Nasiruddin’S Minister - Achievement of Balban as Minister:
8
Medieval Indian HistoryGhlasuddin Balban (1266 - 86) - Early Difficulties, Reorganisation of Army:
Medieval Indian HistoryRestoration of Law and Order:
9
Medieval Indian History: Balban’S Theory of Kingship
Medieval Indian HistoryLiquiadtion of ‘the Forty’ :
10
Medieval Indian HistorySuppression of Revolt in Bengal (1279 - 81) - Defence of Northwest Frontier, Balban’S Successors:
Medieval Indian HistoryDecline of Slave Dynasty - Kaiqubad (AD 1287 - 1290), Early Career and Administration, Conspiracy of Nizamuddin:
11
Medieval Indian HistoryBughra Khan’S Coming to Delhi - Murder of Nizamuddin, Assassination of Kaikubad:
Medieval Indian History Causes of Downfall of the Slave Dynasty :
12
Khalji Imperialism
Early Career of Jalaluddin Khalji: Domestic Policy
13
Execution of SidiMaula: Encounter with the Mongols 1292 a. D. , Campaigns Against Rajputs
Alauddin’S Expedition: Murder of Jalaluddin Khalji, an Estimate
14
Early Career and Accession
Liquidation of the Jalali Family: Alauddin as an Autocrat
15
Wild Aims of Khalji
Alauddin’S Imperialism
16
Conquest of the Deccan (1307 - 13)
The Imperial Army Marched through Devagiri
17
Encounter with the Mongols
Administrative Reforms
18
Fiscal Policy
Price Control
19
Market Regulation
An Estimate of Alauddin Khalji
20
End of the Khalji Dynasty

Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries (29)

Composition of Rural Society (5)

1
Rural Society
Rural Society: Medieval Society- Introduction, Rural Society, Resident Cultivators: Riyayatis and Khud Kasht
2
Rural Society: Pahis or Outsiders, the Raiyatis
Women and Slavery: Women, Servant and Slaves
3
Standard of Living During Mughals: Standard of Living, Share of Produce

Ruling Classes (3)

1
The Rajput Clans
Standard of Living During Mughals: Cloths and Jewellery, Housing, Utensils
2
The Ruling Class: Categories of Ruling Class, the Nobility

Town Dwellers (2)

1
Town and Town Life
Town and Town Life: Artisans and Master- Craftsmen

Religious Classes (4)

1
Major Religious Groups
Condition of Hindus
2
Major Religious Groups: Hindu Religion
Major Religious Groups: Sikh Religion, Islam

Bhakti Movement (5)

1
Popular Saints: Introduction
Popular Saints: Movement of Sri Chaitanya, Sant Kabir
2
Popular Saints: Guru Nanak, Impact of Bhakti Movement
Shri Guru Nanak Dev and His Teaching and Practices: India Before Guru Nanak, Guru Nanak Dev Ji
3
Shri Guru Nanak Dev and His Teaching and Practices: Teachings and Practices of Guru Nanank Dev Ji, Successor of Guru Nanak Dev: GURU ANGAD DEV JI

Sufi Movement (8)

1
Development of Religious Policy of Akbar and the Rajput Policy: Din-I-Illahi or Tauhid-I- Ilahi, the Rajput Policy, Causes of Liberal Policy
Development of Religious Policy of Akbar and the Rajput Policy : Chief Aims of Rajput Policy of Akbar, Execution of Rajput Policy and Its Consequences
2
Sufi Movement: Belief and Practices, Early Sufis
Sufi Movement: Various Sufi Sects or Orders - Chisti Order, Khwaja Muin-Ud-Din Chishti, Shaikh Bakhtiyar Kaki, Shaikh Farid-Ud-Din Masud Ganj-I-Shakar, Shaikh Nizam-Ud-Din Auliya, Shaikh Nasir-Ud-Din Mahmud
3
Leading Sufi Saints: Shaikh Hamid-Ud-Din Nagauri, Siraj-Ud-Din- Akhi, Sayyid Muhammad Gesu Daraz, Shaikh Salim, Suhrawardi Order
Leading Sufi Saints: Firdausi Order, Qadiri Order, Kubrawiyya Order, Qalandaria Order, Shattariya Order, Shah Abdullah, Muhammad Ghauth (Ghaus Shattar)
4
Leading Sufi Saints: Naqshbandi Order, Rishi Movement
Leading Sufi Saints: Impact of Sufi Movement

Economy (2)

1
Urban Processes in Early Medieval India
Economic Condition

The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Century (37)

The Vijayanagra Empire (10)

1
Jaunpur: Background, Sarvar-Ul-Mulk, Qaranphool, Ibrahim Shah, Mahmood Shah, Bhikhan Muhammad Shah, Husain Shah
The Deccan
2
Malwa: Dilawar Khan Ghori, Hushang Shah, Muhammad Khan, Mahmood Khan (Khilji Dynasty), Ghiasuddin ( (Khilji Dynasty), Nasiruddin ( (Khilji Dynasty), Mahmood Khalji II (Khilji Dynasty)
Gujarat: Ruler of Gujarat Kingdom, Tatar Khan, Imad Shah, Mahmood Begarha, Bahadur Shah
3
Bengal: Sikander Shah, Ghiasuddin Azam, King Ganesh, Islam Shah, Husain Shah, Nusrat Shah, Ghiasuddin Mahmood Shah
Rajasthan: Mewar, Marwar, Amer
4
Kashmir: Shamsuddin, Sikander, Jainul Abadin
Orissa and South India: Eastern Ganga Dynasty, Kapilender Dynasty, Khandesh
5
The Bahmani Kingdom: Hasan Gangu, Hasan Abdul Muzaffar Alauddin, Muhammad Shah, Muzahid Shah, Alauddin, Humayun, Firoz Shah
Vijayanagar: Sangama Dynasty, Saluva Dynasty, Tuluva Dynasty

Mughal Empire (6)

1
Mughal Administration: Mughal Administration, Central Administration, Wazir or Vakil (the Prime Minister)
Mughal Administration: Imperial Diwan, Mir Bakshi (Pay Master), Sadr-Us-Sadur of Chief Sadr, Khan-I- Saman, Qazi-Ul-Quzat, Muhtasib, Other Ministers
2
Provincial Administration: Provincial Administration, Subedar, Provincial Diwan, Bakshi, Kotwal
Provincial Administration: Wakiyanavis (News Reporter), Sadr, Local Administration, Faujdar
3
Revenue Administration: Agriculture
Revenue Administration: Significant Features of Dahsala System

Babur and Humayun (10)

1
Early Life of Babur: Early Life, Retreat of Ahmad Mirza, Victory and Loss of Samarkand
Conquest of Kabul (1514 AD) and Regain & Loss of Samarkand (1511 AD): Conquest of Kabul (1514 AD), Samarkand Regained and Lost (1511 AD)
2
Babur in India: Reasons to Invade India, First Expedition of Babur, Second Expedition, Third Expedition, Fourth Expedition, Fifth Expedition
The Battle of Panipat (1526): Causes Which Motivated Babur to Invade India, Battle of Panipat, Result of the Battle of Panipat, Causes of Success of Babur
3
Babur’S Occupation of Delhi and Agra: Occupation of Delhi and Agra, Post-Panipat Problems, Battle of Khanua (17 March, 1526)
Battle of Chanderi and Ghaghra: Result of the Battle of Panipat, Battle of Chanderi (1528 AD), the Battle of Ghaghra (1529 AD), Last Days of Babur, Tuzuk-I-Baburi and Babur’S Description of India, Babur’S Account of India
4
Early Life of Sher Shah: Background between Afghans and Mughals, Sher Shah’S Early Life and Career
Accession of Sher Khan and His Early Conquests: Accession, Contest for Supremacy (1530 - 1540 AD), Conquest of Bengal, Struggle with Humayun, Pursuit of Humayun by Sher Shah
5
Expansion of Empire by Sher Khan: Conquest of Gakkhars, Revolt in Bengal (1541 AD), Conquest of Malwa (a. D. 1542), Conquest of Raisin (1543 AD)
Expansion of Empire by Sher Khan: Annexation of Sindh and Multan, Rajputana: Struggle Against Maldeo, Mewar, Kalinjar, Death of Sher Shah

The Sur Empire (11)

1
Administration Reforms and Other Achievements of Sher Shah: Reformer but Not an Innovator, Central Administration of Sher Shah
Administration Reforms and Other Achievements of Sher Shah: Provincial Administration- Parganas, Village
2
Military Administration and Revenue Administration: Military Administration, Police and Spy System
Military Administration and Revenue Administration: Revenue Administration- Results of Revenue Policy, Defects in the Revenue Policy
3
Justice, Trade and Commerce and Miscellaneous Reforms: Justice, Trade and Commerce, Currency
Justice, Trade and Commerce and Miscellaneous Reforms: Roads and Sarais, Charities, Education, Religious Policy of Sher Shah- Different Opinions
4
Justice, Trade and Commerce and Miscellaneous Reforms: Monuments, Forerunner of Akbar
Successors of Sher Shah Suri (1545 - 1555AD): Islam Shah (1545 - 1554 AD), Suppression of Nobles, Niyazis’ Rebellion
5
Successors of Sher Shah Suri (1545 - 1555AD): Revolt of Shujat Khan, Death of Khawas Khan, Last Days and Death, Administration of Islam Shah
Firoz Shah Sur and Muhammad Adil Shah: Firoz Shah Sur, Muhammad Adil Shah or Mahmood Shah Adil, Ibrahim Khan Sur
6
Firoz Shah Sur and Muhammad Adil Shah: Sikander Shah Sur, Causes of Downfall of Sur Empire

The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Century - Society and Culture (71)

Conquests and Consolidation of the Empire (68)

1
Early Life and Accession of Akbar: Akbar and His Formal Education, Akbar’S Initial Assignments, Akbar’S Coronation
Early Problems of Akbar: Hemu- a Brief Introduction, Second Battle of Panipat (November 2,1556), Causes of Failure of Hemu, Result of Second the Battle of Panipat
2
Rise and Fall of Bairam Khan: Bairam Khan and Humayun, Bairam Khan and Akbar, Settling Score with Sikander Sur, Expedition Against Muhammad Adil Khan, Decline of Bairam Khan
The Purdah Regime or the So-Called Petticoat Government (AD 1560 - 1564), Experiments with the Post of Prime Minister, Expedition Against Malwa, Execution of Adham Khan and Death of Maham Anga, End of Harem Party
3
Akbar’S Imperialist Policy (1561 - 1564): a Brief of Introduction, Conquest of Malwa (1561 AD), Conquest of Chunar (1561 AD), Occupation of Jaipur (1562 AD), Conquest of Gondwana (1564 AD)
Akbar’S Imperialist Policy (1567 - 1573): Siege of Mewar (Chittor) (1567 - 68), Conquest of Ranthambhor (1568 - 69), Jodhpur and Bikaner, Conquest of Gujarat (1572 - 73 AD)
4
Akbar’S Imperialist Policy (1573 – 1591): Akbar and Maharana Pratap, the Battle of Haldighati, Conquest of Kabul (1581 AD), Conquest of Kashmir (1585 - 86 AD), Annexation of Sindh (1592 AD)
Akbar’S Imperialist Policy (1592 – 1601): Annexation of Orissa (1592 AD), Conquest of Baluchistan (1595 AD), Occupation of Kandhar (1595 AD), Conquest of Deccan, Consolidation of Empire
5
Akbar’S Imperialist Policy (1592 – 15): Revolt of Zaman Uzbeg, Revolt of Abdullah Khan Uzbeg, the Revolts of Mirzas, Revolt of Baluchis and Afghans
Early Life and Accession of Humayun: Early Life of Humayun, Accession of Humayun
6
Early Life and Accession of Humayun: Conspiracy of Mir Nizamuddin Ali Khalifa, Causes of the Conspiracy of Khalifa, Beginning and End of Conspiracy
Early Life and Accession of Humayun: Causes of Failure of this Conspiracy
7
Humayun’S Early Difficulties: Babur’S Legacy to Humayun, Brothers and Relatives of Humayun, Military Weakness of Humayun, the Afghans
Expansion from Akbar to Aurangzeb: Expedition of Kalinjar (1531 AD), First Seige of Chunar (1532 AD)
8
Expansion from Akbar to Aurangzeb: Conflicts with Bahadur Shah (1535 - 36 AD)
Conflict with Sher Khan and Battle of Chausa: Conflict with Sher Khan (1537 – 1540 AD)
9
Conflict with Sher Khan and Battle of Chausa: Battle of Chausa (26, June 1539)
Conflict with Sher Khan and Battle of Chausa: Battle of Kannauj or Bilgram (1540 AD)
10
Conflict with Sher Khan and Battle of Chausa: Causes of Humayun’S Exile
Conflict with Sher Khan and Battle of Chausa: Humayun in Exile (1540 - 1555 AD)
11
Conflict with Sher Khan and Battle of Chausa: Restoration of Indian Empire
Conflict with Sher Khan and Battle of Chausa: Death of Humayun
12
Revolt of Salim and the Concluding Years of Akbar’S Life: Concluding Years of Akbar’S Life, Revolt of Salim
Development of Religious Policy of Akbar: Initial Days of Akbar’S Reign, What Turned Akbar into a Liberal Man? , Formation of Ibadat Khana
13
Development of Religious Policy of Akbar: Effect of Ibadat Khana on Akbar, Regulations for Execution of Liberal Religious Policy
Akbar’S Deccan Policy and His Estimate: Brief Background, Akbar’S Take on Deccan, Main Points of Akbar’S Deccan Policy
14
Akbar’S Deccan Policy and His Estimate: Result of Deccan Conquest, Important Date of Akbar’S Imperialism, an Estimate of Akbar
Early Life of Jahangir: Early Life of Jahangir, Plot Against Salim, Accession of Salim, Twelve Institutions
15
Revolt of Khusrau and Battle of Bhaironwal: Revolt of Khusrau (1606 AD), Battle of Bhaironwal
Revolt of Khusrau and Battle of Bhaironwal: Murder of Guru Arjun, Advent of Noorjahan
16
Noor Jahan: Controversy Regarding the Death of Sher Afghan and Marriage of Mehr-Un-Nisa, the Junta- Influence of Noorjahan
Rajput Policy and Deccan Policy of Jahangir: Revolt in Bengal, Rajput Policy of Jahangir
17
Rajput Policy and Deccan Policy of Jahangir: Relation of Mewar (1606 - 1613 AD) - Deccan Policy of Jahangir, Conflict with Ahmadnagar
Kangara Expedition (1620 AD) and Revolt of Prince Khurram (1623 - 1625 AD): Kangara Expedition (1620 AD), Loss of Kandhar (1622 AD), Revolt of Prince Khurram (1623 - 1625 AD)
18
Kangara Expedition (1620 AD) and Revolt of Prince Khurram (1623 - 1625 AD): Results of the Revolt of Khurram, Revolt of Mahabat Khan (1626 AD)
Death of Jahangir and His Estimate: Death of Jahangir, an Estimate of Jahangir
19
Death of Jahangir and His Estimate: Character of Noorjahan
Early Life of Aurangzeb: Early Life of Aurangzeb, Family of Aurangzeb, Rise of Aurangzeb, First Viceroyalty of Deccan
20
Early Life of Aurangzeb: Aurangzeb as Viceroy of Multan, Gujarat and Sindh, Aurangeb’S Second Viceroyalty of Deccan, Accession of Aurangzeb, Early Achievement of Aurangzeb
Minor Victories of Aurangzeb and Religious Policy of Aurangzeb: Victory of Assam, Suppression of the Portuguese
21
Minor Victories of Aurangzeb and Religious Policy of Aurangzeb: Aurangzeb’S Relations with Britishers- Religious Policy of Aurangzeb
Consequences of Religious Policy (Hindu Reaction): Revolts of Jats, the Satnamis Revolts
22
Consequences of Religious Policy (Hindu Reaction): Revolts of Bundelas. , Revolts of Sikhs
Aurangzeb Rajput Policy: Rajput Policy, Relation of Akbar with Jai Singh of Amber, Conflict with Mewar, War of Liberation of Marwar
23
Aurangzeb Rajput Policy: Entry of Mewar in the Struggle, Prince Akbar’S Revolt, Treaty between Mewar and Marwar
Aurangzeb Rajput Policy: Struggle of Marwar Continued, Significance of Aurangzeb’S Rajput Policy
24
Deccan Policy of Aurangzeb: Deccan Policy, Causes of Deccan Expeditions, Aurangzeb and Bijapur
Deccan Policy of Aurangzeb: Aurangzeb’S Policy Towards Golkunda, Problems of Royal Army at the Time of Siege
25
Deccan Policy of Aurangzeb: Treachery of a Noble, Sacrifice of Abdulla Lari (Abdur Razzak)
Aurangzeb and Marathas: Relation between of Aurangzeb and Marathas
26
Aurangzeb and Marathas: Consequences of Aurangzeb’S Deccan Policy, Causes of Failure of Aurangzeb, Last Days of Aurangzeb
Early Life of Shah Jahan: Early Life of Shah Jahan, Rise of Khurram
27
Early Life of Shah Jahan: Mewar Expedition, Accession of Shahjahan
Early Revolts and Victories of Shahjahan: Revolt of Khan-I-Jahan Lodi
28
Early Revolts and Victories of Shahjahan: Revolt of Jujhar Singh (a. D. 1628 - 1645)
Early Revolts and Victories of Shahjahan: Revolt of Jagat Singh, the Portuguese, the Sikhs
29
Deccan Policy of Shahjahan: Deccan Policy of Shahjahan, Ahmadnagar
Deccan Policy of Shahjahan: Bijapur, Golkunda
30
North-West Frontier Policy of Shahjahan: North-West Frontier Policy of Shahjahan, Attempts for the Victory of Kandhar
North-West Frontier Policy of Shahjahan: Causes of Defeat of Mughals, Results of North-West Policy, Central Asian Policy of Shahjahan
31
Causes of Failure of Mughals and War of Succession: Causes of Failure of Mughals at NWFP, Results of Failure of Mughals, War of Succession (a. D. 1657 - 58)
Causes of Failure of Mughals and War of Succession: Illness of Shahjahan, Causes of War of Succession, Beginning of the War and Revolt of Shuja, Revolt of Murad, Battle of Dharmat
32
Battle of Samugarh: After Battle of Dharmat, Events After the Battle of Samugarh
Battle of Samugarh: Causes of the Success of Aurangzeb, Results of War of Succession- Inefficiency of Shahjahan, Efficiency of Aurangzeb, Weakness of His Brothers
33
Achievements of the Reign of Shahjahan (the Golden Age): Shahjahan’S Reign as Golden Age, Administrative Achievements: Uninterrupted Peace, His Military Successes
Achievements of the Reign of Shahjahan (the Golden Age): Improvement in Mansabdari System, Revenue System, Administration of Justice, Work of Public Welfare, Progress in Education and Literature
34
Development of Various Arts: Development of Art, the Age of Shahjahan Was Not a Golden Period, His Failure as a Man, His Military Failures
Development of Various Arts: His Administrative Failure, Social Inequality, Art and Literature

Establishment of Jagir and Mansab Systems (3)

1
Military Administration: Classification of Mansabdars, Methods of Recruitment, Salary Structure
Military Administration: Different Categories of Soldiers, Infantry, Elephants, Artillery
2
Military Administration: Navy, Merits and Demerits of Mansabdari System- Merits, Demerits

Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century (17)

Nature of the Mughal State (2)

1
Nature of State - Theocratic and Theocentric (2019): Background, Meaning of Theocracy
Nature of State - Theocratic and Theocentric (2019): Arguments Against and in Favour, Position of Khalifa

Late Seventeenth Century Crisis and the Revolts (10)

1
Later Mughals: Background and Later Rulers, Bahadur Shah (1707 - 1712 AD), War of Succession Among the Sons of Aurangzeb
Later Mughals: Annexation of Delhi and Agra by Bahadur Shah, Death of Aazam, Causes of Bahadur Shah’S Success, Death of Kambakhsha
2
Attempts of Bahadur Shah for Consolidation of His Position: Bahadur Shah’S Relations with Rajputs, Bahadur Shah and Sikhs, Bahadur Shah and Marathas, Evaluation of Bahadur Shah
Jahandar Shah (1712 - 1713 AD) and Farrukh Siyar (1713 - 1719 AD): War of Succession, Revolt of Farrukh Siyar, Character of Jahandar Shah, Farrukh Siyar (1713 - 1719 AD)
3
Other Rulers and Invasion of Nadir Shah: Rafi-Ud- Dariat (1719 AD), Rafi-Ud- Daula and ShahJahan III (1719 AD), Muhammad Shah Rangila (1719 - 1748 AD)
Other Rulers and Invasion of Nadir Shah: Revolt of Nizam-Ul-Mulk in Deccan, Decline of Empire, Invasion of Nadir Shah (a. D. 1739)
4
Ahmad Shah (1748 - 1754) and Invasion of Ahmad Shah Abdali: Ahmad Shah (1748 - 1754), Invasion of Ahmad Shah Abdali on India, Removal of Ahmad Shah, Alamgir II (1754 - 1758 AD)
Ahmad Shah (1748 - 1754) and Invasion of Ahmad Shah Abdali: Shah Jahan III (1758 – 1759 AD), Shah Alam II (1759 - 1806 AD), Akbar II (1806 - 1837 AD), Bahadur Shah I (1838 - 1858 AD)
5
Causes of Downfall of Mughal Empire: Aurangzeb’S Religious Fanaticism, Aurangzeb’S Policy Towards Rajputs, Deccan Policy of Aurangzeb, Weak and Inefficient Successors of Aurangzeb, Aurangzeb and the Marathas
Causes of Downfall of Mughal Empire: Suspicious Nature of Aurangzeb, Degeneration of Mughal Army, Vastness of Empire, Economic Bankruptcy, Invasion of Nadir Shah and Ahmad Abdali

Shivaji and the Early Maratha Kingdom (5)

1
The Maratha Movement: Rise of Marathas, Shivaji (1646 - 1680 AD), Early Victories of Shivaji, First Encounter between Mughals and Marathas
The Maratha Movement: Conquest of Konkan, Murder of Afzal Khan, Shaista Khan and Shivaji
2
Plunder of Surat and Treaty of Surat: Plunder of Surat, Arrival of Jal Singh and the Treaty of Purandar
Plunder of Surat and Treaty of Surat: Defeat of Panhala, Shivaji’S Visit to Agra (1666 AD), Shivaji’S Character
3
Plunder of Surat and Treaty of Surat: Physical Features of Maharashtra, Political Conditions of the South, Decaying Conditions of Mughal Empire, Character of Shivaji

Economy and Society in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (8)

English and French Companies (8)

1
Compilation of Adi Granth: Guru Amar Das Ji, Guru Ram Das Ji, Guru Arjun Dev Ji, Compilation of Adi Granth, Compilation of Adi Granth
Sikh Movement: Martyrdom of Guru Arjan, Guru Hargobind Ji, Guru Har Rai Ji
2
Sikh Movement: Guru Har Krishan JI, Guru Teg Bahadur Ji
Khalsa: Guru Gobind Singh Ji, the Battle of Bhangani, Creation of the Khalsa, the Khalsa, First Battle of Anandpur
3
Khalsa: Second Battle of Anandpur, 1701, Battle of Nirmoh, 1701, Third Battle of Anandpur, 1703, Fourth Battle of Anandpur, 1704, Battle of Chamkaur, 1704, Battle of Muktsar, 8 May 1705
The Rural Gentry and Zamindar: the Middle Strata
4
The Commercial Class: Commercial Class
The Commercial Class: Banking System, Trade

Culture in the Mughal Empire (37)

Persian Histories and Other Literature (13)

1
Persian Literature During Delhi Sultanate
Regional Specificities
2
Sanskrit and Hindi Literature
Bhakti Cult: Shaivism and Its Branches: Introduction, Pashupata Shaivism, Kashmiri Shaivism
3
Bhakti Cult: Shaivism and Its Branches: Gorakhnath Shaivism, Vira Shaivism, Saiva Siddhanta, Ganapati Shaivism
Vaishnavism and Its Branches: Background, Theism with Many Varieties, Vishnuism and Krishnaism, Vishnu, Krishna, Radha Krishna, Dashavatara
4
Arabian, Persian and Sanskrit: Introduction, Arabic and Persian, Sanskrit
Literature in North India: Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi
5
Literature in North India: Gujarati, Marathi
Literature in North India: Eastern Region- Bengal
6
Literature in North India: Assamese, Oriya
South Indian Language: Tamil, Telugu
7
South Indian Language: Kannada, Malayalam

Mughal Architecture (7)

1
Indo-Islamic Architecture: Introduction, the Early Phase, Qutb Minar, Alai Darwaza
Indo-Islamic Architecture: the Early Phase-, Rani Sipri’S Mosque, Gol Gumbaz
2
Mughal Period: Tomb of Humayun, Delhi, India, Agra Fort in Agra, India.
Mughal Period: Panch Mahal, Fatehpur Sikri, Jama Masjid, Fatehpur Sikri, Agra
3
Mughal Period: Buland Darwaza, the Tomb of Shaikh Salim Chisti, Akbar’S Tomb, Tomb of Nur Jahan
Mughal Period: Red Fort, Delhi, Taj Mahal, the Tomb of Rabia Daurani, Safar Jang’S Tomb
4
The European Influence

Mughal Painting (10)

1
Mughal Music: Background, Tansen, Hindustani School of Music
Similarities and Differences between Hindustani and Carnatic Music: Principles of Hindustani Music
2
Similarities and Differences between Hindustani and Carnatic Music: Types of Compositions- Dhrupad, Khayal, Tarana, Thumri, Ghazal
Miniatures and Mughal Style: Miniatures, Transition, Mughal Style, Mughal School of Painting
3
Mughal Style Painting under Jahangir, Shahjahan and Later Mughals: Paintings under Jahangir Introduction of New Style under Shah Jahan
Mughal Style Painting under Jahangir, Shahjahan and Later Mughals: Aurangzeb and Later Mughal, under Later Mughals, European Impact on Mughal Painting
4
School of Painting: Early Miniature, Transition
School of Painting: Deccan School, Rajasthani Painting- Mewar, Marwar, Kishangarh, Jaipur
5
Pahari Paintings, Thanjavur Painting, Mysore School: Pahari Paintings
Pahari Paintings, Thanjavur Painting, Mysore School: Thanjavur Painting, Mysore School

Classical Music (7)

1
Architectural Development: Hoysala Art
Architectural Development: Chandela School: Khajuraho
2
Architectural Development: Vijaynagar Legacy
Architectural Development: Nayaka Heritage: Madurai
3
Architectural Development: Provincial Architectures, Multan, Bengal
Architectural Development: Gujarat, Malwa, Jaunpur
4
Architectural Development: Kashmir, Mewar, Bahmani Kingdom

The Eighteenth Century (2)

Maratha Ascendancy under the Peshwas (2)

1
Its Expansion under the Peshwas: Shambhaji (1680 - 1689 AD), Raja Ram (1689 - 1700), Sahu (1708 - 1749 AD)
Its Expansion under the Peshwas: Marathas under the Peshwas- First Pehwa: Balaji Vishwanath (1713 - 1720 AD), Second Peshwa: Baji Rao (1720 - 1740 AD), Third Peshwa: Balaji Baji Rao (1740 - 1761 AD)

Early Structure of the British Raj (4)

From Diarchy to Direct Control (2)

1
Paramountcy: British Paramountcy in India, the Evolution of British Paramountcy, One Charge Theory of Lord Canning- the Ring Fence Policy: 1757 - 1813, the Policy of Subordination Isolation 1813 - 1857, the Policy of Subordination Union 1857 Onwards
Subsidiary Alliance: Subsidiary System, Terms and Conditions of the Subsidiary Treaty, Advantages for the Company, Princely States That Signed the Treaty

The Voice of Free Trade and the Changing Character of British Colonial Rule (1)

1
Mercantilism: Three Phases of Economic Exploitation, Mercantilism: Background, Mercantilism: What Does It Means? , Result of this Phase

The English Utilitarian and India (1)

1
UTILITARIANISM: Understanding Utilitarianism, Kinds of Utilitarianism and Their Founder, Approach of Utilitarian Scholars in India, Utilitarian School in India

Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule (4)

Commercialization of Agriculture (1)

1
Agriculture and Irrigation

De-Industrialisation (1)

1
De-Industrialization, Background to the Process of De-Industrialization, Causes of De-Industrialization, Impact of De-Industrialization

Drain of Wealth (1)

1
Economic Drain: Impact of the Drain of Wealth- Other Major Works on Drain of Wealth Were

Economic Transformation of India (1)

1
Economic Nationalism: Origin and Term Meaning, Economic Nationalism in India, Economic Critique of Colonial Rule, Drain of Wealth, Issues Nationalist Stressed in the Agitation and Major Quotes to Remember

Social and Cultural Developments (2)

The Introduction of Western Education in India (1)

1
Downward Filtration Theory: Background to the Introduction of Minutes of Macaulay, Orientalist-Anglicist Controversy and Macaulay’S Report, Major Provisions of the Minutes of Macaulay, Major Outcome After the Act

Christian Missionary Activities in India (1)

1
Evangelicalism: Evangelicalism in India, the Evangelical Historians

Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and Other Areas (3)

The Social Reform Movements in India Including Sati (2)

1
Indian Renaissance: Social and Religious Reform Movement, Major Classification in the Indian Renaissance Movement, Some of the Famous Reform Movements and Its Founders Were as Follows
Indian Renaissance: Raja Rammohan Roy and Brahmo Samaj, Hindu Reform Movement According to the Place- Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Dayanand Saraswati and Arya Samaj, Ramakrishna Paramhamsa and Swami Vivekananda, M G Ranade and Prarthana Samaj, Four Agenda of Prarthana Samaj Were

Contribution of Indian Renaissance to Modern Indian Growth (1)

1
Revivalism: Arya Samaj, Theosophical Society, this Movement Had Four Essential Factors, Deoband Movement, Emergence of Hindu Revivalism

Rise of Gandhi (4)

Character of Gandhian Nationalism (2)

1
Satyagraha: Principles of Satyagraha, the Purpose of Satyagraha, Characteristics of Satyagraha, Techniques of Satyagraha, Gandhi’S Satyagraha in Indian National Movements
Swadeshi: Background and Cause to the Swadeshi Movement, Swadeshi Movement, Agitational Methods, Impact of Swadeshi Movement, Gandhi and Swadeshi

Gandhi's Popular Appeal (1)

1
The Idea of Nation in Gandhi’S Hind Swaraj

Nationalism and the Peasant Movements (1)

1
Bhudan Movement: Background of the Movement, the Course of the Movement, Significant Aspects of the Bhoodan Movement, the Basic Aim of the Movement, Advantages of the Movement, Disadvantages

Constitutional Developments in the Colonial India between 1858 and 1935 (4)

1
Dyarchy: Background, Features of Government of India Act of 1919
Dyarchy: Major Points of Dyarchy, Importance of Dyarchy, Criticism in the Working of Dyarchy (NET 2015) - Major Subjects in the Reserved and Transferred List
2
Federalism: Two Kinds of Federations, Ways in Which Federalism Functioned- What Makes India a Federal State? , Federalism with a Strong Centre, Decentralization in India
Doctrine of Lapse: Before Doctrine of Lapse, Major Provisions of the System, Other States Annexed under Dalhousie, Effects of Doctrine of Lapse- List of States Annexed by the Application of Doctrine of Lapse under Dalhousie

Other Strands in the National Movement the Revolutionaries (2)

The Left (1)

1
Indian Left: Some Other Communist Parties Founded, Left Labour Party, Major Conspiracy Cases Against Communist, Some Communist-Socialist Publications

The Communist Party of India (1)

1
Communalism: Various Definition of Communalism, Three Types of Communalism, Dimensions of Communalism, Reasons Behind Growth of Communalism in India, Stages of Communalism in India

Enlightenment and Modern Ideas (3)

Major Ideas of Enlightenment (1)

1
Post-Modernism: Relativism and Postmodernism, Conclusion

Spread of Enlightenment in the Colonies (1)

1
Oriental Despotism: Previous Year Question on Oriental Despotism

Spread of Marxian Socialism (1)

1
Socialism: Characteristics of Socialism, Types of Socialism, Karl Marx and Scientific Socialism- Major Works of Karl Marx

Industrialization (2)

Industrialization and Globalization (2)

1
Great Depression 1929: History, Causes
Great Depression 1929: President Hoover Administration, President Roosevelt, End of Great Depression

Imperialism and Colonialism (1)

South and South-East Asia (1)

1
Colonialism: Stages of Colonialism- Basic Objectives at this Stage Were, Characteristics of the First Stage, Second Stage: Free Trade, Third Stage: Finance Capital

The World After World War II (1)

Emergence of Two Power Blocs (1)

1
Cold War: Introduction Definition, Origin, Causes, Phases of Cold War, Results of Cold War