General Geology-Origin and Interior of the Earth [IAS (Admin.) Mains Geology]: Questions 1 - 8 of 20

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Question 1

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Explain origin of earth, highlighting the Planetesimal & Tidal Hypothesis and their differences? (15 marks) (Examrace Test Series 2017)

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Explanation

Origin of Earth

  • Origin of earth is matter of great speculation and discussion.
  • Both Planetesimal and tidal hypothesis came under the category of catastrophic theories.

Planetesimal Hypothesis

It was given by two American scientists, Chamberlain and Moulton (1900) , to overcome the objections raised against Nebular Hypothesis.

Planetesimal Hypothesis

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Question 2

Appeared in Year: 2017 (IFS)

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Discuss the internal structure of the Earth and comment on the S and P waves shadow zones with suitable diagrams. (Paper-1)

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Explanation

Internal Structure of the Earth

Introduction

  • The structure of earth՚s interior and the physical properties of various layers are studied by the seismic waves. The seismic waves travel at different velocities depending on the nature of the layer in which they are travelling.
  • The above figure shows the velocities of earthquake waves at various discontin…

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Question 3

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Little of the earth՚s topography is older than tertiary and most of it is no older than Pleistocene. Elucidate.

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Explanation

Earth՚s Topography

This is one of the fundamental concept of geomorphology given by W. D. Thornbury & helps in the interpretation of landscapes.

Concept States

  • Most of the earth՚s topographical features are formed in tertiary age. Older discussions stated that age of topographical features refer to erosion surface back to cretaceous but gradually if i…

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Question 4

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Write a note on the types of extinctions highlighting the 6th mass extinction and its causes (15 marks)

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Explanation

Extinction and the 6th Mass Extinction

Extinction, basically is an evolution process that leads to the disappearance of species or a population broadly, classified into two categories, extinction can be

(a) background extinction, wherein species disappear at slow rate, as local conditions change

(b) Mass/episodic extinction wherein massive & concomita…

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Question 5

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Explain how discovery of the new continent was revealed? How can this bring change in the understanding of the geography? (15 marks)

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Explanation

Discovery of the New Continent

  • In the year , the discovery of a new continent Zealandia came as a major breaking news in the landscape of geomorphology.
  • In a paper published by the “Geological Society of America” , the researchers say that Zealandia measured million square mules &…

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Question 6

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Write note on Supernova theory by Lyttleton

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Explanation

Supernova Theory by Lyttleton

  • In 1937 - 1940 Ray Lyttleton postulated that a companion star to the sun collided with a passing star. Lyttleton showed that terrestrial planet were too small to condense on their own, so suggested one large (very) proto – planet broke into two because of rotational instability, forming, Jupiter & Saturn, with a connect…

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Question 7

Appeared in Year: 2019 (IFS)

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Discuss the characteristics and properties of the lithosphere and the asthenosphere.

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Explanation

Lithosphere and Asthensophere

Lithosphere

  • The earth is divided into four major layers.
    • The crust
    • Mantle
    • Outer core and
    • Inner core
  • The lithosphere is outermost layer of the earth crust. The upper mantle consists of crust and lithosphere which is rigid in nature.
  • The lithosphere consists of 95% of igneous rocks, 4% shale and 0.75% limestone. It mainly compri…

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Question 8

Appeared in Year: 2019

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Draw a cross section from north to south and discuss the tectonic framework of the Himalayas.

To discuss the tectonic framework of Himalayas by drawing a cross section from north to south

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Explanation

  • The Himalayan belt comprises of Archaean and Precambrian rock formations. On cross-cutting Himalayan belt in the north south direction, we can group the Himalayan framework into North western Himalayas and North Eastern Himalayas. The Himalayas are highly folded mountain which is very difficult to determine the relative ages of the various metamorp…

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