IAS (Admin.) Mains Geology: Questions 36 - 40 of 469

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Question 36

Appeared in Year: 2017 (IFS)

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Discuss the internal structure of the Earth and comment on the S and P waves shadow zones with suitable diagrams. (Paper-1)

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Explanation

Internal Structure of the Earth

Introduction

  • The structure of earth՚s interior and the physical properties of various layers are studied by the seismic waves. The seismic waves travel at different velocities depending on the nature of the layer in which they are travelling.
  • The above figure shows the velocities of earthquake waves at various discontin…

… (495 more words, 23 figures) …

Question 37

Appeared in Year: 2017 (IFS)

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Describe using diagrams, the morphology of Graptolites and comment on the significance of Graptolites in the evolution of vertebrates. (Mains Paper 1)

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Explanation

Graptolites

Introduction

  • Graptolites are an extinct group of marine, colonial animals that built their skeleton from a variety of proteins. They vary in colony size from 2 mm to over 1m in length.
  • Shape – Looks like simple stick to bushy shapes.
  • Graptolites are distributed worldwide.
Dendroid
Orientation of Graptotite
    • Graptolites belong to the phylum- Hem…

… (462 more words, 12 figures) …

Question 38

Appeared in Year: 2017 (IFS)

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

How does volcanic activity affect climate? What types of volcanoes are more hazardous and how? (Mains Paper -2)

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Explanation

Volcanic Activity and Climate

Introduction

  • Volcanic eruptions are responsible for releasing molten rock, or lava, from deep within the Earth, forming new rock on the Earth՚s surface and it impacts the atmosphere. The gases and dust particles thrown into the atmosphere during volcanic eruptions causes climatic changes.
  • The particles spewed from volcano…

… (858 more words) …

Question 39

Appeared in Year: 2017 (IFS)

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Describe the features of Geostationary and Polar orbiting satellites

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Explanation

Geostationary Satellite Characteristics

  • They are placed in geostationary orbits. Satellites in geostationary orbit maintain a constant position relative to the surface of the earth. Geostationary satellites orbit earth 22,300 miles above the equator.
  • This orbital path is called as Clarke Belt. Commonly used for communication and weather- observation …

… (265 more words, 20 figures) …

Question 40

Appeared in Year: 2017 (IFS)

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Discuss the geological history of Trilobites with specific description of the abundance, decline and extinction of the group through the Palaeozoic Era. (Geology optional – paper 1)

b) Give a detailed account of the field and laboratory tests carried out to determine the engineering properties of rocks.

To explain the field and laboratory tests carried out to determine the engineering properties of rocks.

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Explanation

Field Test to Determine Engineering Properties of Rocks

  • Mechanical behaviour of rock cannot be determined from laboratory tests. Hence, field tests are carried on to estimate the properties of rock mass.
  • The type and number of in-situ tests depends upon the structure and the rock condition. The in-situ tests are
    • Shear test
    • Deformability test
    • Strength te…

… (175 more equations, 22 figures) …