IAS (Admin.) Mains Geography Biogeography-Genesis of Soils Study Material (Page 6 of 10)

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Soil Characteristics: Drainage

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Drainage

Drainage represents the quality of soil to get rid of accumulated water.

Factors Affecting Drainage

Drainage of a soil depends on

  • Soil Type: Few soils can remain saturated for long periods after rainfall. Coarse-textured soils drain very rapidly if outlets are available. Moderately coarse, medium, moderately fine, and fine-textured soils require correspondingly longer periods before getting workable.
  • Landscape: Soils in level areas or depressions are poorly drained, and water tables can be near sur…

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Soil Characteristics: Mineral Content

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Mineral Content

Most soil except purely organic soils like peat and muck are made mostly of mineral materials.

  • Essential Nutrients: 16 essential plant nutrients are needed for optimum growth of plants. From soil solids, plants obtain
    • Macronutrients: These are required in large quantities, for example, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulphur. Others include carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen obtained largely from the water and air.
    • Micronutrients: These are needed by plants in very small amounts, for example, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, chlorine, and molybdenum. Few m…

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