Perspectives in Human Geography [IAS (Admin.) Mains Geography]: Questions 9 - 18 of 40

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Question 9

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Explain India՚s contribution to geographical thought and the distribution of Puranic Dwipas (30 marks)

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Explanation

Geographical Thought and Puranic Dwipas Distribution

  • Indian Geography has a long history. In fact, various geographical concepts have been developing in our country since the dawn of Indian civilization.
  • Chronologically Vedas, Ramayana, Mahabharata, works of Buddhists and Jains and Puranas are the main sources of ancient Indian geographical concepts.

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Question 10

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Highlight the contribution to Arab scholars in the field of geography. (20 marks)

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Explanation

Arab Scholars

The Arabs were great contributors in the field of mathematical physical and regional geography from 8th to 13th century.

T in O Map

Contribution to Mathematical Geography

Contribution to Mathematical Geography

  • Arabs were highly influenced by the Greek ideas about the shape and size of the earth.
  • Earth was considered as the centre of the uni…

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Question 11

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Elaborate on the Taylor՚s stop and Go Determinism. How was it different from determinism? (15 marks)

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Explanation

Taylor՚s Stop and Go Determinism

Griffith Taylor՚s approach of Neo-determinism, also known as stop and Go determinism was a modification of environmental determinism, which gave primary to nature over man to direct his attitude and behaviour.

Environmental Determinism

  • Developed from works of Friedrich Ratzel, Alexander von Humboldt, Ellsworth Huntingt…

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Question 12

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“Vidal de la Blache was an adherent supporter of possibilism” . Comment. (15 marks)

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Explanation

Vidal De La Blache

  • Vidal de la Blache was one of the great pioneers of French School of Geography.
  • He is called founder of Human Geography.
  • He strongly criticized the concept of environmental determinism liking clues from Ratzel, he formulated the concept of possibilism.

Basis of Possibilism

  • Possibilism explained that environment sets certain constraint…

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Question 13

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Discuss contribution of geographers in development of behavioural geography. (15 marks)

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Explanation

Behavioural Geography

  • Behavioural geography developed as a reaction to the Quantitative Revolution (Q. R.) in geography
  • Behaviour geography tries to analyze human behaviour by disaggregate approach, mainly focusing on cognitive processes that occur behind spatial reasoning, decision making and behaviour.
Behavioural Approach

Major Contributions

Sauer

  • Was…

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Question 14

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Contrast environmental determinism and possibilism.

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Question 15

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Discuss the similarities and differences in Varenius and Kant՚s geographical constructs. (20 marks)

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Explanation

Varenius and Kant՚s Geographical Constructs

  • Bernhard Varenius and Immanuel Kant were towering figures with regards to evolution of geography.
  • Both were significantly important in development of geography as a discipline later.
  • The period of Varenius and Kant is also known as the Classical Period of Modern Geographical Thought.

Similarities

  • Both contribu…

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Question 16

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Analyze the system analysis approach in geography. (15 marks)

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Explanation

System Analysis Approach in Geography

  • Geography deals with complex relationships of living and non-living organisms in or ecosystem.
  • System analysis provides a framework for describing the whole complex and structure of activity.
  • Therefore Berry and Chorley suggested system analysis as basic tools for geographic understanding.

General System Theory

  • Conc…

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Question 17

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How would the theory of possibilism explain the human constructions shown in the map of San Francisco?

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Question 18

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Welfare Geography has gained momentum in recent era. Elucidate citing suitable examples. (25 marks)

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Explanation

Welfare Geography

  • 1960s and 70s was dissent phase in geography with two new schools of thoughts- welfare and radical geography emerging.
  • Welfare geography emerged as a reaction to quantitative revolution, positivism, spatial sciences, and model building. Welfare geography deals with issues of inequality and social justice.
  • In 1970s, various social pro…

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