IAS (Admin.) Mains Botany: Questions 406 - 413 of 1252

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Question 406

Appeared in Year: 2018 (IFS)

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Write a brief note on of different types of secondary metabolites in plant Defence and as pharmaceuticals.

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Explanation

Secondary Metabolites

  • They are the molecules products of metabolism that are not required for the survival of organism.
  • They are secreted by the plants and stored by them as they do not directly contribute of the growth of the plants but they act as Defence system for them.
  • As use by us as pharmaceutical.
  • They are poisonous agent for different insects …

… (505 more words, 1 figure) …

Question 407

Appeared in Year: 2018 (IFS)

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Describe the molecular mechanism of gene linkage and crossing-over. Explain how gene mapping is constructed using gene linkage with suitable diagrams.

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Explanation

Molecular Basis of Crossing Over

Gene Conversion

  • Gene conversion is the unequal recovery of alleles in the region of exchange during genetic recombination.
  • It results into 3: 1 ratios where normally the ratio is 2: 2 in the meiotic products.

Post Meiotic Segregation

  • In fungi, the four products of meiosis undergo one mitotic division to produce 8 spores.

… (649 more words, 25 figures) …

Question 408

Appeared in Year: 2018 (IFS)

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Write a short note on post-transcriptional modifications of mRNA

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Explanation

Post-Transcriptional Modifications of mRNA

  • First- there are mostly three RNA polymerase in the nucleus. There functions are well defined. The RNA polymerase I transcribes rRNA and RNA polymerase III transcribes tRNA, 5rRNA and snRNA.
  • The transcription and translation is coupled in prokaryotes.
  • In prokaryotic mRNA does not require any post-transcriptio…

… (145 more words, 19 figures) …

Question 409

Appeared in Year: 2018 (IFS)

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

How do you justify Asteraceae as a phylogenetically advanced family in dicotyledons?

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Explanation

Asteraceae

  • Family is named after its flower shape that is star shape.
  • It contains 950 genera and 22,000 species.
  • It is 10% of total angiosperm population.
Advanced Characters

Advanced Characters

  • The family Asteraceae also known as Compositae.
  • It is regarded as the most advanced and highly evolved.
  • They are considered to occupy the highest position in the p…

… (182 more words, 20 figures) …

Question 410

Appeared in Year: 2018 (IFS)

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Write a brief note on Hotspots in India Characteristics and conservations

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Explanation

Biodiversity Hotspots

  • Biodiversity hotspots are regions with high species richness and a high degree of endemism.
  • India due to its unique geographical position, distinct physiographic and climate zones, and gradients has a very rich and diverse flora fauna with high [percentage of endemism.
  • Hotspots covers less than 2 percent of the world land but con…

… (360 more words) …

Question 411

Appeared in Year: 2018 (IFS)

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

What is haploid cell culture? How is this technique useful in agriculture?

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Explanation

Haploid Cells

  • Haploid cells may be obtained either by in vitro Androgenesis or by in vitro gynogenesis.
  • In-vitro Androgenesis is the culture of anther, pollen or microspores.
  • In-vitro gynogenesis is the culture of unfertilized egg cells, cells of embryo sac, ovary etc.

Anther Culture

  • It is a technique by which the deploying anther is exercised specially…

… (348 more words, 9 figures) …

Question 412

Appeared in Year: 2018 (IFS)

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Describe different methods of selection and hybridization in plant breeding. Give a note on heterosis breeding.

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Explanation

Plant Breeding

Methods of Selection

  • Selection is a process to choose male and female mate for desirable offspring՚s.
    • Single trait
    • Multiple trait

Tandem Selection

  • In this type of selection, one trait is in focus at the time until a satisfactory level of performance is achieved.
  • Selection cause change in result to correlated traits.

Independent Culling Level…

… (356 more words) …

Question 413

Appeared in Year: 2018 (IFS)

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Write a brief note on role of Rubisco in carbon metabolism.

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Explanation

Rubisco

  • Rubisco also known as Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase enzyme.
  • It the enzyme involve in first step of carbon fixation.

In Light Reaction

  • Rubisco activity provides the acceptor molecules (PGA) necessary to hydrolyse ATP and oxidize NADPH to continue electron transport.
  • It catalyses the entry of carbon dioxide into photosynthetic me…

… (94 more words, 4 figures) …