IAS (Admin.) Mains Botany: Questions 34 - 42 of 1252

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Question 34

Appeared in Year: 2015 (IFS)

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Write short notes on the following: Herbaria (Paper 1, Section B)

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Explanation

Herbaria

  • A herbarium is a collection of plant samples preserved for long term study.
  • A herbarium is a collection of dried plants or fungi used for scientific study. Herbaria are the main source of data for the field of botany called taxonomy.
  • Herbaria are plural for herbarium.
  • Herbaria are usually associated with universities, museums, or botanical gar…

… (450 more words) …

Question 35

Appeared in Year: 2015 (IFS)

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Discuss the stages of development of male gametophyte in Pinus before pollination. (Paper-1, Section-A)

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Explanation

Spores Are the Main Units for the Gametophytic Life Cycle

  • In pinus, spores are mainly two types; microspores and mega-spores.
  • Microspores are germination to give rise to male gametophyte and mega-spores germination to give rise to female gametophyte.
  • In Pinus male gametophyte, microspore is the unit of it.
  • Microspore is also called as pollen grain.
  • Poll…

… (205 more words, 16 figures) …

Question 36

Appeared in Year: 2015 (IFS)

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What is plant quarantine? (Paper-1, Section-A)

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Explanation

Meaning of Plant Quarantine

  • Plant quarantine means the effort of prevent entry, establishment or spread of a foreign pest in the country by imposing legal restriction on the movement of plant and plant products.
  • Plant quarantine is a mechanism or technique by which disease and pest free plants are formed.
  • Aim of plant quarantine is to the protect the …

… (226 more words, 10 figures) …

Question 37

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Give two popular examples where genetic differences influence induction of mutation. (Paper 2, Section A)

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Explanation

What is Mutation?

  • A mutation is a permanent change in the sequence of DNA.
  • Mutations are physical changes in genes and chromosomes.
  • They may be confined to a single cell or may be transmitted from one cell to another within a multicellular organism or may be transmitted from one generation to another through mutation in the gametes.

Induction of Mutati…

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Question 38

Appeared in Year: 2015 (IFS)

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What are the merits of pedigree methods? (Paper 2, Section A)

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Explanation

What is Pedigree Method?

  • Individual plants are selected from F2 and the subsequent generation and their progenies are tested.
  • Pedigree record is the record of the entire parent՚s offspring relationship in this process
  • Selection of individual plant is continued till the progenies show no segregation.
  • Selection is done among the progenies as there would …

… (127 more words) …

Question 39

Appeared in Year: 2015 (IFS)

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Suggest why prions should not be included among viruses. (Paper 2, Section A)

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Explanation

Prions and Viruses

  • Prions are infectious agents of diseases in animals and humans and probably represent the simplest form of life on earth.
  • Prions are rod-shaped particles and consider as smaller than viruses.
  • The rods contain one prion protein is called PrP (prion protein) .
  • Viruses contain DNA or RNA, which specify the structure of proteins. The gen…

… (170 more words, 7 figures) …

Question 40

Appeared in Year: 2015 (IFS)

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How will you distinguish cytologically between paracentric inversion and pericentric inversion? (Paper 2, Section A)

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Explanation

Paracentric Inversion

  • Paracentric inversions do not occur in the centromere.
  • Crossing over only occurs in the out the loop in one arm of the chromosome.
  • The result is a large loop in where recombination occurs in only part of the loop.
  • When crossover occurs within the loop, it causes the cells to die during meiosis.
  • This means that the only possible out…

… (286 more words, 25 figures) …

Question 41

Appeared in Year: 2015 (IFS)

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Is the genetic code universal? (Paper 2, Section A)

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Explanation

What is Genetic Code?

  • The set of DNA and RNA sequences that determine the amino acid sequences used in the synthesis of an organism՚s proteins.
  • The set of 64 codons are corresponding to the 20 amino acids which are used for protein synthesis and as the signals for starting and stopping protein synthesis.
  • It is the biochemical basis of heredity and nea…

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Question 42

Appeared in Year: 2014 (IFS)

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

What are the different types of flagella found in fungi? (Paper A Section A)

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Explanation

Two Types of Flagella

Image Showing Flagella Types

Tinsel type: Flagellum with a large number of hair like outgrowths (cilia) all around its surface.

Whiplash type: A long thread like structure being rigid at the base with 11 fibrils and thinner towards the apex as the 2 central fibrils project out. The latter portion is flexible.

  • Different types of fl…

… (84 more words, 17 figures) …