IAS (Admin.) Mains Anthropology: Questions 128 - 138 of 257

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Question 128

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Write short notes on Hypergamy and Hypogamy.

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Explanation

Hypergamy

  • In Hypergamy or Anuloma type of marriage a woman marries with a man of higher Varna or superior caste or family.
  • It was practiced among the nobles in the past.
  • This has been the most common form of marriage in most cultures.
  • Arranged marriages between members of equal class were also a common trend.

Anuloma

  • Comes from the Hindu caste system.
  • Thi…

… (62 more words) …

Question 129

Appeared in Year: 2015

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Describe the following in 200 words.

Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism.

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Explanation

Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism

Ethnocentrism

  • Evolution of other cultures based on preconceptions.
  • These preconceptions are originating in the standards and customs of one՚s own culture.
  • Studying other cultures in our own cultural standards.
  • it՚s more or less like treating other cultures as inferior one.
  • This attitude was represented by colonial in…

… (184 more words) …

Question 130

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Write short notes on DNA Replication.

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Explanation

DNA Replication

  • It is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA.
  • This occurs in all living organisms and act as the most essential part for biological inheritance.
  • Genetic information are encoded in the form of base sequences.
  • DNA replication begins at specific locations, or origins of replication, in the genome in a cell.

Enzyme…

… (114 more words, 2 figures) …

Question 131

Appeared in Year: 2014

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Write a note in 200 words on following:

Etic and emic approach

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Explanation

Etic and Emic Approach

  • Derived from the technical terms of linguistics Phonetics & Phonemics.
  • Using both anthropologists can approach towards the study of culture.

Etic

  • This approach refers towards an outsider՚s view.
  • Perspective of the observer.
  • Descriptive information is gathered.
  • Also includes organizing, systemizing and comparing in terms of his/her o…

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Question 132

Appeared in Year: 2014

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Write a note on following in 200 words each:

a) Cultural materialism

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Explanation

Cultural Materialism

  • Marvin Harris an American anthropologist coined the word Cultural materialism.
  • Incorporates ideas from Marxism, cultural evolution, and cultural ecology.
  • Examines the relationship between physical and economic aspects of production.
  • It believes that infrastructure plays a primary role in shaping a society.

    Influences structure and s…

… (143 more words, 3 figures) …

Question 133

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Write short notes on Mitosis vs. Meiosis.

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Explanation

Mitosis vs. Meiosis

Mitosis

  • A type of cell division that results in the formation of two daughter cells.
  • Each daughter cell is having same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent cell.
  • There is replication of chromosomes.
  • This process is required for growth and development of cells.
  • Two genetically identical sister chromatids are produced.
  • There is a…

… (119 more words, 9 figures) …

Question 134

Appeared in Year: 2014

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Where do you situate the “live-in” relationship within the institution of marriage? (250 words)

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Explanation

“Live-In” Relationship Within the Institution of Marriage

  • Being looked an alternative to the institution of marriage.
  • An arrangement in which the couple enter into cohabitation.
“Live-In” Relationship Within the Institution of Marriage

Anthropologists Point of View

  • The rights and duties of the husbands.
  • Including the wife and the children born to the cou…

… (173 more words, 11 figures) …

Question 135

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Discuss the issues related to universality of marriage definitions, citing examples wherever necessary.

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Explanation

Universality of Marriage Definitions

All though anthropologists have been trying for so many years to provide any universal definition of the marriage yet have not been able to do so.

Earlier Definitions

Westermarck

  • Marriage is a relation of one or more men and women.
  • These are recognized by the customs and laws.
  • Involves certain rights and duties both i…

… (257 more words) …

Question 136

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Write short notes on Levirate and Sororate.

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Explanation

Levirate

  • In this type of marriage the brother of a deceased man is obliged to marry his brother՚s widow.
  • Levirate is a Latin word which means “husband՚s brother” .
  • This type of marriage has been known in many societies around the world.
  • This is associated with patrilineal descent and patrilocal residence.
  • These often coincides with polygyny.
  • It is common…

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Question 137

Appeared in Year: 2014

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Why has the concept of Cultural Relativism been so dear to anthropologists? 250 words

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Explanation

Cultural Relativism and Anthropologists

  • All beliefs, customs, and ethics are relative to the individual.
  • Method where different cultures are analyzed objectively.
  • What is right and what is wrong that becomes culture specific.
  • As there exist no universal standard of morality:

    No society can judge the other society՚s customs and rituals.

  • It is very much po…

… (272 more words, 3 figures) …

Question 138

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Discuss the anthropological school of Classical Evolutionism. Add a note on its contributions to the general discipline of anthropology.

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Explanation

Anthropological School of Classical Evolutionism

  • This School explains about the culture and it evolution.
  • It also tried to establish a Unilinear Pattern of human cultural evolution.
  • Development of life took place from simple to complex as explained by Darwin.
  • Culture too developed from simple form to modern complex one.

… (213 more words, 1 figure) …