Optionals IAS Mains Anthropology: Questions 125 - 134 of 144

Fieldwork Tradition in Anthropology

• Is considered to be the first-hand systematic exploration.
• Includes a variety of human cultures.

Importance

• Expands and builds on the factual information.
• Anthropology is an observation-oriented field science.
• To observe subjects in their natural environments anthropologists are required to go to the field.

Fieldwork Te…

Neolithic Era

• Neolithic phase also known as the new Stone Age was characterized by polishing and grinding of tools apart from settled life.
• This age was a new era of Cultural Revolution.
• A progression of behavioural and culture that gave way for self-sufficient economy.

Tools and Discovery

• Grains were crushed before being eaten as the same …

Postmodernism in Anthropology

• A broad movement that developed in the mid to late 20^th century.
• Across philosophy, the arts, architecture, and criticism.
• Authentic implementation of scientific methods is not possible as there is no true objectivity.
• Since all accounts of culture are partial and conditioned to the observer.
  • Culture cannot be completely or…

Hypergamy

• In Hypergamy or Anuloma type of marriage a woman marries with a man of higher Varna or superior caste or family.
• It was practiced among the nobles in the past.
• This has been the most common form of marriage in most cultures.
• Arranged marriages between members of equal class were also a common trend.

Anuloma

• Comes from the Hindu caste system.
• Thi…

Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism

Ethnocentrism

• Evolution of other cultures based on preconceptions.
• These preconceptions are originating in the standards and customs of one՚s own culture.
• Studying other cultures in our own cultural standards.
• It՚s more or less like treating other cultures as inferior one.
• This attitude was represented by colonial in…

DNA Replication

• It is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA.
• This occurs in all living organisms and act as the most essential part for biological inheritance.
• Genetic information are encoded in the form of base sequences.
• DNA replication begins at specific locations, or origins of replication, in the genome in a cell.

Enzyme…

Etic and Emic Approach

• Derived from the technical terms of linguistics Phonetics & Phonemics.
• Using both anthropologists can approach towards the study of culture.

Etic

• This approach refers towards an outsider՚s view.
• Perspective of the observer.
• Descriptive information is gathered.
• Also includes organizing, systemizing and comparing in terms of his/her o…

Cultural Materialism

• Marvin Harris an American anthropologist coined the word Cultural materialism.
• Incorporates ideas from Marxism, cultural evolution, and cultural ecology.
• Examines the relationship between physical and economic aspects of production.
• It believes that infrastructure plays a primary role in shaping a society.
  • Influences structure and s…

Mitosis vs. Meiosis

Mitosis

• A type of cell division that results in the formation of two daughter cells.
• Each daughter cell is having same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent cell.
• There is replication of chromosomes.
• This process is required for growth and development of cells.
• Two genetically identical sister chromatids are produced.
• There is a…

“Live-In” Relationship Within the Institution of Marriage

• Being looked an alternative to the institution of marriage.
• An arrangement in which the couple enter into cohabitation.

Anthropologists Point of View

• The rights and duties of the husbands.
• Including the wife and the children born to the cou…