IAS (Admin.) Mains History Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries-Composition of Rural Society Study Material (Page 1 of 3)

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Rural Society

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Rural Society

For a general discussion of historical processes that affected the lives of villagers in various parts of the subcontinent, we move on to vignettes of the specificities of rural societies and agrarian relations in the different regions.

  • Direct textual evidence regarding the details and textures of rural life in this period in meagre.
  • There is, however, a text that deals exclusively with various aspects of agricultural operations.
  • This is the Krishi-Para-shara, apparently composed in the Bengal area sometime between c. 950 and 1100CE.
  • Ascribed to an authore named Parashara, it is written in Sanskrit verse, sprinkled with a few prose mantras, in simple and straightforward language and style.
  • The Krishi…

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Rural Society: Medieval Society, Rural Society, Resident Cultivators: Riyayatis and Khud Kasht

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Medieval Society

  • The prominent changes in the society which occurred in the Mughal period were:
    • Rapid growth of urbanization
    • Significant stratification of the rural society
    • Impressive growth of master- artisans and artisans
    • The growth of a composite ruling class accompanied with commercialization and bureaucratization
    • The growth of middle segment, and the further strengthening and expansion of the commercial class
  • In the lack of precise data about the total population of the region, modern scholars have utilized the statistics of cultivated area, revenue rates, yields, and the Jama or the estimated revenue demand from land, modern scholars, at the end of 16th century, have …

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