IAS (Admin.) Mains Geography Physical Setting- India-Natural Vegetation Study Material (Page 2 of 7)

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Natural Vegetation: Montane Sub-Tropical Forests

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Montane Sub-Tropical Forests

Subtropical Broad-Leaved Hill Forests

Distribution

  • These are found at altitudes varying from 1000 to 2000 m where the mean annual rainfall is 75 cm to 125 cm, average annual temperature range is , and the average humidity is 80% .
  • Luxurious forests are found in Eastern Himalayas to the east of .
  • In Western Ghats along Silent Valley, they occur at 1070 - 1525 m ASL, but are not so distinctive due to restricted area of southern hills.
  • They are also found in higher parts of…

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Natural Vegetation: Sub Alpine, Alpine

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Sub Alpine

Distribution

  • These are found from Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh between altitudes of 2900 to 3500 m.
  • They are the upper limit of tree forests followed by adjoining alpine scrub and grasslands at greater heights.

Characteristics

This region has following characteristics:

  • Forests comprise of dense growth of small crooked trees and large shrubs with a mixture of coniferous and broad-leaved trees. Conifers attain a height of about 30 m while the broad-leaved trees reach only 10 m.
  • In Western Himalayas, vegetation is composed of juniper, rhododendron, willow, and black currant.
  • In eastern parts, common trees are red fir, black juniper, birch, and larch.
  • Due to heavy rainfall and high humidity, timberline in eastern pa…

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