IAS (Admin.) Mains Geography Perspectives in Human Geography-History of Geographical Thought Study Material (Page 21 of 75)

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Environmentalism: Gaianism, Environmentalism Efforts Worldwide, Environmentalism in India, Criticism of Environmentalism

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Gaianism

Gaianism implies emerging spirituality with different religious expressions and depicts trans-rational devotion to earth as super-organism. Some characteristics of gaianism are:

  • It is based on concept that humanity has intrinsic relation to earth called Gaia.
  • Gaia was primal Greek titan that depicted earth. This theory conveys the science behind earth as ancient, li…

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Determinism and Possibilism: Determinism

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Introduction

Determinism

Environmental determinism or climatic determinism or geographical determinism focuses on physical environment as a determinant of culture. Following are important characteristics of deterministic viewpoint:

  • It considers humans as defined by stimulus-response (environment-behavior) . Environment produces the stimulus eliciting a predetermined response.
  • Determinism underscores the idea that man is passive agent and physical factors mold the human attitude and decision-making.
  • It was first given by Greeks and Romans such as Hippocrates, Aristotle, Herodotus, a…

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