IAS (Admin.) Mains Geography Geomorphology-Endogenetic and Exogenetic Forces Study Material (Page 10 of 15)

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Modes of Movement in Mass Wasting

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Once a mass of regolith is displaced by gravity the weathered material may follow different modes of movements downhill. M. A. Carson and M. J. Kirkby consider three of them most important:

  • Slide,
  • Flow
  • Heave
Modes of Movement in Mass Wasting

Slide

In slide movement, motion is maximized along the base of the moving mass. There is a clear and easy to identify surface dividing the mobile upper layer and the intact, stable lower zone. This separating plane is called the shear plane. Slide can take place in dry matter; hence it can happen anywhere.

Flow

In flow mode, material above the shear plane accelerates to the maximum speed at the top, while rate of movement diminishes with increasing depth till it reaches zero along the…

… (210 more words, 21 figures, 1 table) …

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Factors Controlling Mass Wasting

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There are several natural and anthropogenic factors that regulate initiation, rate, and type of masswasting. Different views have been expressed in this regard. For example, Sharpe Table groups the controlling factors into:

  • Passive and
  • Active

Causes of Mass Wasting

This classification focuses mostly on inherent characteristics of regolith and its environment. Others (D. J. Varnes 1978) have classified causes of mass wasting with a focus on the forces working on weathered material. The two categories of forces are controlled by several supporting factors (Table-II) :

  • Factors that increase stress,
  • Factors that reduce shear st…

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