IAS (Admin.) Mains Geography Geomorphology-Continental Drift Study Material (Page 2 of 9)

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Continental Drift: Premises and Mechanism of Continental Drift

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Premises and Mechanism of Continental Drift

Wegener hypothesized Pangea (All-Earth) as original, gigantic supercontinent 200 million years ago, which was made of all of earth՚s landmasses surrounded by water body called Panthalassa. It existed from Permian through Jurassic periods and was made up of

  • Laurasia included North America, Europe and Asia depicting northern part
  • Gondwanaland included South America, Africa, Madagascar, Peninsular India, and Australia and Antarctica depicting southern part of Pangaea
  • South Pole was located in Durban (South Africa) as per this theory.

Pattern and timing of continental drift

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Continental Drift: Process of the Theory

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Process of the Theory

  • Forces Responsible for Drift: According to Wegner, Pangaea drifted in two directions because of
    • Equatorward Movement: It was caused by gravitational forces and forces of buoyancy. Lighter crust (SIAL) floated on the heavier material below (SIMA) .
    • Westward Movement: This was caused by the tidal forces of sun and moon. This was at a maximum, when the moon was nearest to ear…

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