IAS (Admin.) Mains Geography Biogeography-Factors Influencing World Distribution of Plants and Animals Study Material (Page 8 of 9)

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Distribution of Aquatic Plants and Animals: Schmarda՚s Classification

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Schmarda՚s Classification

Schmarda (1853) created “animal forms” , that is, regions based on similarity of animals in similar geographical conditions producing natural areas that had little to do with geopolitical regions. He believed that animal forms are a product of their environment, and these forms define a region. There is no need to explain how they got there other than citing the environmental conditions occurring there at the time.

With “animal form” delineating natural provinces, the larger regions would have amalgamation of these animal forms or of larger taxonomic groups. He explained the existence of “vicariant forms” which have the same animal forms but differe…

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Other Biogeographic Classifications: Major Genecenters (Vavilov Centers of Diversity)

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Major Genecenters (Vavilov Centers of Diversity)

Genecenter is the geographical locale of wild ancestors of modern cultivated plants. Vavilov, a Russian biogeographer made significant contribution in field of identifying main areas of domestication of various plants. He suggested the areas that formed the primary breeding culture. Vavilov classification was extended to include areas where certain animals were domesticated first.

  • Mediterranean Genecenter: It existed in around 4000 BC.
  • South American Genecenter: Domestication of plants mainly vegetables seems to have taken place in this region in around 7000 - 3000 BC. Most of the plant species are rich in starch. Slash and burn, irrigation, terrac…

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