Contemporary Issues- India-Environmental Hazards [IAS (Admin.) Mains Geography]: Questions 1 - 8 of 10
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Question 1
Appeared in Year: 2016
Describe in Detail Subjective▾
Explain the hydro-meteorological hazards in the Himalayas.
EditExplanation
Hydro-Meteorological Hazards
- Hydro-meteorological hazards are the results of natural processes or phenomena of atmospheric, hydrological or oceanographic nature such as floods, tropical cyclones, drought, desertification, cloudbursts.
- Major hydro-meteorological hazards in Himalayan region are flood, cloudbursts, droughts, avalanche and cold waves.
… (335 more words, 51 figures) …
Question 2
Describe in Detail Subjective▾
Examine the cause, effects and solution for landfills mainly in urban areas.
EditExplanation
Landfills
- Landfills is the area where waste is disposed of.
- In urban area, rural urban fringe is the preferred location where it is easy to transport and pollution of cities is avoided.
Cause
- Large amount of urban waste - Indian urban waste is about 60 billion tons/annum.
- Lack of alternative options of waste management like waste- to energy conversion, …
… (176 more words, 18 figures) …
Question 3
Describe in Detail Subjective▾
Frequent landslides hinder development activities in hilly areas. Justify with suitable examples.
EditExplanation
Landslides and Hinder Development
Landslides (mass movement) is a geomorphic process in which soil, regolith or rock mores down the slope due to gravity. Thus depending on
The nature of material, slope angle they can be categorized into different types shown in Fig 1, and stability quotient (Fig 2)
Hindering Dev…
… (291 more words, 97 figures) …
Question 4
Appeared in Year: 2020
Describe in Detail Subjective▾
Demarcating the seismic zones of india, suggest suitable interventions required in most sensitive seismic zones for sustainable human settlements.
EditExplanation
The varying geology at different locations in the country implies that the likelihood of damaging earthquakes taking place at different locations is different. Thus, a seismic zone map is required to identify these regions.
Based on the past seismic history, Bureau of Indian Standards grouped the country into four seismic zones namely Zone-II, Zone-…
… (465 more words, 31 figures) …
Question 5
Appeared in Year: 2018
Describe in Detail Subjective▾
“Geomorphological changes are largely responsible for environmental hazards in the Himalayan Region” . Comment with relevant examples.
EditExplanation
Mountain environments are very sensitive to climate change. They appear among the most severely and rapidly impacted ecosystems and can be affected by any change in temperature and precipitation patterns at all scales. Snow and ice are the main control parameters of the hydrological cycle, particularly of the seasonal runoff, and may impact the ent…
… (509 more words) …
Question 6
Appeared in Year: 2020
Describe in Detail Subjective▾
Answer the following in about 150 words each:
Discuss the human response to and management of hazards and disasters in India.
EditExplanation
Components (Elements) of Disaster Reduction and Management
Hazard Analysis
The analysis of different types of hazards with the previous history of occurrences and predicted near future occurrences in a region or locality is a first condition for any purposeful management plan for natural disaster reduction.
Vulnerability Analysis
In environmental scien…
… (344 more words, 4 figures) …
Question 7
Appeared in Year: 2021
Describe in Detail Subjective▾
Discuss the hazards associated with rise of sea-surface temperature.
EditExplanation
Sea-Surface Temperature
- The sea-surface temperature of the ocean varies with latitudes. In general, the warmest water is found near the equator and the coldest waters are found in higher latitudes near Arctic and Antarctic regions.
- Due to global warming, sea-surface temperatures are rising steadily in the last 5 decades.
Hazards Associated with Rising…
… (398 more words, 2 figures) …
Question 8
Appeared in Year: 2019
Describe in Detail Subjective▾
Discuss the methods of measuring the intensity and magnitude of earthquakes. How are seismic zones demarcated? (Marks 20)
EditExplanation
- Earthquakes can be measured in two ways.
- Based on magnitude — the amount of energy released at the earthquake source.
- Based on intensity — how much the ground shakes at a specific location.
- Although several scales have been developed over the years, the two commonly used today in the United States are the moment magnitude scale, which measures magnitu…
… (540 more words, 65 figures) …