IAS (Admin.) Mains Botany: Questions 1 - 9 of 1252

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Question 1

Appeared in Year: 2015 (IFS)

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

TS leaf of Cordaites. (Paper-1, Section-A)

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Explanation

TS Leaf of Cordaites

Image Showing T. S of Leaf of Cordaites

Cordaites are primitive trees that went extinct millions of years ago. In transverse section of leaf showing various part like xylem, phloem epidermis and bundle sheath.

The cordaitean leaf traces are either single or double at their point of origin from the primary vasculature. In Cordaites…

… (78 more words, 1 figure) …

Question 2

Appeared in Year: 2015 (IFS)

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

What is Kranz anatomy. (Paper 1, Section B)

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Explanation

Kranz Anatomy

  • Kranz anatomy is a special structure in the leaves of plants that have a C4 pathway of carbon dioxide fixation.
  • The leaves contain a ring of mesophyll cells, containing a few small chloroplasts concerned with the initial fixing of carbon dioxide, surrounding a sheath of parenchyma cells (the bundle sheath) which has large chloroplasts i…

… (190 more words, 9 figures) …

Question 3

Appeared in Year: 2015 (IFS)

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

What is the importance of VAM? (Paper-1, Section-A)

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Explanation

Meaning of VAM

  • VAM means Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal.
  • Mycorrhiza is the product of an association between a fungus and plant root.
  • Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) is a fungus and formed by the symbiotic association between certain phycomycetous fungi and angiosperm roots.
  • They help them to capture nutrients from the soil.
  • These fungi are scie…

… (196 more words, 5 figures) …

Question 4

Appeared in Year: 2015 (IFS)

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Compare the morphological characters of male and female strobili in Gnetum. (Paper-1, Section-A)

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Explanation

Gnetum is Dioecious

  • The reproductive organs are organized into well-developed cones or strobili.
  • Gnetum have male and female reproductive organs on separate plants.
  • Gnetum belongs to gymnosperms so they do not have flowers and instead of that cones or strobili sporangia bearing structure present at the tip of the axis.

Male Cone or Staminate Strobilus

  • T…

… (77 more words, 4 figures) …

Question 5

Appeared in Year: 2015 (IFS)

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Write a brief and critical note on polyembryony and give its importance. (Paper 1, Section B)

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Explanation

Polyembryony

  • Polyembryony is the process in which the fertilization of single egg leads to the formation of two or more embryos.
  • Polyembryony is common in mango and citrus.

Importance

  • It is importance in the formation of identical twins.
  • Formation of embryos by cells of the embryo sac other than the egg and embryo develop from additional embryo sacs in …

… (198 more words, 13 figures) …

Question 6

Appeared in Year: 2015 (IFS)

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

What are the salient features of the family Poaceae? (Paper 1, Section B)

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Explanation

Salient Features of Family Poaceae

  • Small reduced flowers on tufted or caespitose plants with linear sheathing leaves.
  • Differing from the Cyperaceae with its round stems, hollow at the inter-nodes and leaves 2-ranked or arranged in 2 rows.
  • Sheathing leaf bases are also often open or loosely connected to the culm and often showing a ligule at the point …

… (127 more words) …

Question 7

Appeared in Year: 2015 (IFS)

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Briefly discuss the technique for raising haploids from microspores. (Paper 1, Section B)

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Explanation

Raising Haploids from Microspores

  • Haploid plants possess only a single set of chromosomes in the sporophyte.
  • Haploid plants are significance for the production of homozygous plants and for the improvement of plants in plant breeding programmers.

Production of Haploid Plants

Understanding the Production of Haploids

Haploids may be divided in two categori…

… (399 more words, 64 figures) …

Question 8

Appeared in Year: 2015 (IFS)

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Comment upon the palmella stage. (Paper-1, Section-A)

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Explanation

Palmella Stage

  • Palmella stage is a type of asexual reproduction and is found in some algae manly in Euglena and Chlamydomonas.
  • Palmella stage is formed in unfavourable conditions.
  • Under unfavourable conditions, zoo-spores are remain enclosed with the parent cell wall and is grows in size and divided and large numbers of zoo-spores are found without fl…

… (102 more words, 8 figures) …

Question 9

Appeared in Year: 2015 (IFS)

Describe in Detail Subjective▾

Explain Allium type of embryo sac. (Paper 1, Section B)

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Explanation

Allium Type of Embryo Sac

  • Allium is a bisporic type of embryo sac.
  • When two megaspore nuclei participate in the development of embryo sac it is known as bisporic type of embryo sac.
  • Bisporic development occurs when either chalazal or micropylar dyad undergoes the second meiotic division.
  • In Allium type, non-functional dyad degenerates and functional dy…

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