CSIR (Council of Scientific & Industrial Research) Earth Sciences Physical Geography-Geography of India Study Material (Page 25 of 104)

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Overall Rainfall Distribution in India: Spatial Distribution of Summer Rainfall, Overall Spatial Distribution of Rainfall

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Spatial Distribution of Summer Rainfall

Monsoon rainfall in summer is heaviest in western coast and Northeastern India. Areas lying in the rain shadow of Himalayas get very little rainfall. Thar Desert also receives scanty rainfall. Further details are very similar to the overall spatial distribution discussed below as the southwest monsoon has a large contribution in overall rainfall in India.

Distribution of summer monsoon rainfall

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Floods and Droughts: Floods

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Floods

Heavy rains lead to floods. Floods can be mitigated or controlled by delaying return of run off from rainfall, slowing down water discharge, decreasing water volume, diverting water flow, decreasing flood impacts, or forewarning flood occurrence.

Factors Affecting Floods

Causes of floods and affected area

  • Meteorological Factors:
    • Heavy rainfall
    • Snowfall due to tropical cyclones
    • Cloud burst
  • Geomorphic Factors:
    • Large catchment area of a river
    • Gentle slope
    • Low gradient of river course
    • Poor drainage
  • Anthropogenic Factors:
    • Increased soil erosion causes permanent silting of rivers reducing their carrying capacity. Soi…

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